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  • Springer  (77)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • 1990-1994  (88)
  • 1935-1939  (2)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 287-292 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An amyloglucosidase from a mycelial culture of the mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus hydrolysed larch wood xylan independently and synergistically with an endo-β(1→4) xylanase of the same fungus. The glucoamylase saccharified xylan predigested with xylanase at a faster rate compared to that of xylanase acting on amylase-digested xylan. However, overall saccharification of xylan in both cases was the same. Only glucose was liberated from xylan by amylase digestion whereas xylose, xylobiose and other oligosaccharides were liberated during xylanase digestion. The synergistic response of enzyme combinations was reflected in the liberation of glucose from xylan, rather than xylose. Glucoamylase and xylanase activities on soluble and insoluble fractions of larch wood xylan with different xylose and glucose contents suggested that synergism in xylanolysis by the presence of glucoamylase was dependent on the activity of the participating xylanase on the xylan preparation. It is suggested that possibly α-glucosidic linkages are present in xylan and that amyloglucosidase might be involved in xylanolysis.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Economic theory 3 (1993), S. 571-576 
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary This short paper provides an alternative framework to axiomatize various binary preference relations such as semiorder, weak semiorder etc. A set of simple axioms is presented in terms of revealed-preferred and revealed-inferior alternatives which makes the connection between various binary preference relations transparent; and every single axiom is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a binary preference relation of a specified type.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 139 (1991), S. 527-549 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond type II closed superstring is considered to evolve in a curved space-time manifold. The Krichever-Novikov global operator formalism is used to construct the generators of a super-conformal algebra on a Riemann surface Σ. The computation for the quantum algebra of these generators is explicitly presented. It is shown that the theory is free from super-conformal anomalies if the target manifold is ten dimensional and satisfies the Ricci flatness condition.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 148 (1992), S. 117-137 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The algebraic structure of a topological superconformal field theory on a compact Riemann surface is investigated. The Krichever-Novikov [K-N] global operator formalism is used to obtain anN=4 super K-N algebra on a Riemann surface. Subsequently thisN=4 algebra is shown to posses anN=3 K-N subalgebra. TheN=3 subalgebra is then twisted to derive a topological version of the Krichever-Novikov algebra with a residualN=2 superconformal structure. The BRST charge of the associated topological field theory on the Riemann surface is shown to be genus dependent in this formalism and the global generalization of the BRST derivative conditions are obtained. The complete BRST structure of the theory is explicitly elucidated.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of the SV40 large tumor antigen (T antigen), a DNA helicase, to bind to model DNA replication forks was tested. DNA fork molecules were constructed either from two partially complementary oligonucleotides or from a single oligonucleotide able to form a ‘panhandle’ structure. T antigen specifically recognized the two-strand fork in a reaction dependent on the presence of ATP, dATP, or non-hydrolyzable analogs of ATP. T antigen asymmetrically bound the two-strand fork, protecting from nuclease cleavage a fork-proximal region on only one of the two strands. The asymmetric binding is consistent with the 3′⇌5′ directionality of the DNA helicase activity of T antigen. An analogous region on the one-strand fork was also bound by T antigen, suggesting that T antigen does not require a free singlestranded end to load onto the fork. Use of chemically modified DNA substrates indicated that T antigen binding to the fork utilized important contacts with the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 147 (1992), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the Yang-Mills measureZ h −1 e−S(ω)/h[Dω], whereh〉0, describing gauge fields on the two-sphere converges to a probability measure on the moduli space of Yang-Mills connections onS 2, ash→0.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 8 (1990), S. 737-740 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Axillary buds from 5 genotypes of mulberry belonging to 4 species were cultured on modified MS basal medium. A total of 30 media combinations were tried for all the genotypes. The response of axillary buds and the requirement for growth regulators varied with genotype. In Morus indica BAP (0.25–0.5 mg/l), and in M. alba and M. rotondifolia GA3 (0.5–1.0 mg/l)were found to induce sprouting. Two genotypes of M. bombycis, namely Schimanochi and Mizusawa, developed healthy shoots on the incorporation of 2,4-D (0.5–1.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5–2.0 mg/l), respectively. IBA (0.5 mg/l), along with cytokinin/auxin/gibberellin, had no effect on bud growth but helped root induction. Shoots developed from the axillary buds were further multiplied as nodal explants. MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA and LS vitamins was found best to produce healthy plantlets in all the genotypes. An average 89% survival was observed on transferring the plantlets to soil.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Mangroves ; N2-fixation ; Ecology ; Nutrient cycling ; Rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Heterotrophic dinitrogen fixation in root associations of successional stages of the tropical mangrove plant community at the Ganges river estuary in India was investigated by excised-root acetylene reduction assay, and enumeration and identification of diazotrophic bacteria from sediment, root and tidal water samples. High to very high rates of nitrogenase activity (64–130 nmol C2H4/g dry root/h) were associated with washed excised roots of seven common early-successional mangrove species at the inundated swamps. Declining, late-successional mangroves at the occasionally inundated ridges had considerably lower values and the “declined” mangroves and other non-littoral species at embankment protected highlands had very low to insignificant values of root nitrogenase activity. Total and inorganic nitrogen contents of the mangrove sediments were low and were positively related to the stages of physiographic succession. Plant-associated sediments of particularly the old formation swamps had very high C/N ratios. Nine isolates of nitrogen-fixing bacteria belonging to all known O2 response groups were distinguished from a large population of diazotrophs associated with roots of mangroves and other associate plant species of the community. The isolates differed with respect to their N2-fixation efficiency and halotolerance in pure culture. There was no specificity of any of the bacterial isolates to any of the plant species of the community but a higher number of efficient isolates were seen to be associated with mangroves at the swampy succession. Sediment-free tidal water also contained a large population of microaerophilic and anaerobic N2-fixing bacteria.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mn silicate-carbonate rocks at Parseoni occur as conformable lenses within metapelites and calc-silicate rocks of the Precambrian Sausar Group, India. The host rocks are estimated to have been metamorphosed at uppermost P-T conditions of 500–550°C and 3–4 kbar. The Mn-rich rocks contain appreciable Fe, reflected in the occurrence of magnetite(1) (MnO 1%), magnetite(2) (MnO 15%) and magnetite(3) (MnO 10%). Two contrasting associations of pyroxmangite, with and without tephroite, developed in the Mn silicate-carbonate rocks under isothermal-isobaric conditions. The former assemblage formed in relatively Fe-rich bulk compositions and equilibrated with a metamorphic fluid having a low X CO 2 (〈0.2), and the latter equilibrated with a CO2-rich fluid. Rhodochrosite+magnetite(1)+quartz protoliths produced the observed mineral assemblages on metamorphism. Partitioning of major elements between coexisting phases is somewhat variable. Fe shows preference for tephroite over pyroxmangite at the ambient physical conditions of metamorphism. Oxygen fugacity during metamorphism was monitored at or near the QFM buffer in tephroite bearing domains, and the fluid composition was buffered by mineral reactions in respective domains. As compared to other metamorphosed Mn deposits of the Sausar Group, the Mn silicate-carbonate rocks at Parseoni were, therefore, metamorphosed at much lower f O 2 through complex mineral-fluid interactions.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 109 (1991), S. 130-137 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new formulation of garnet-biotite Fe−Mg exchange thermometer has been developed through statistical regression of the reversed experimental data of Ferry and Spear. Input parameters include available thermo-chemical data for quaternary Fe−Mg−Ca−Mn garnet solid solution and for excess free energy terms, associated with mixing of Al and Ti, in octahedral sites, in biotite solid solution. The regression indicates that Fe−Mg mixing in biotite approximates a symmetrical regular solution model showing positive deviation from ideality withW FeMg bi =1073±490 cal/mol. ΔH r and ΔS r for the garnet-biotite exchange equilibrium were derived to be 4301 cal and 1.85 cal respectively. The resultant thermometer gives consistent results for rocks with a much wider compositional range than can be accommodated by earlier formulations.
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