Summary
An amyloglucosidase from a mycelial culture of the mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus hydrolysed larch wood xylan independently and synergistically with an endo-β(1→4) xylanase of the same fungus. The glucoamylase saccharified xylan predigested with xylanase at a faster rate compared to that of xylanase acting on amylase-digested xylan. However, overall saccharification of xylan in both cases was the same. Only glucose was liberated from xylan by amylase digestion whereas xylose, xylobiose and other oligosaccharides were liberated during xylanase digestion. The synergistic response of enzyme combinations was reflected in the liberation of glucose from xylan, rather than xylose. Glucoamylase and xylanase activities on soluble and insoluble fractions of larch wood xylan with different xylose and glucose contents suggested that synergism in xylanolysis by the presence of glucoamylase was dependent on the activity of the participating xylanase on the xylan preparation. It is suggested that possibly α-glucosidic linkages are present in xylan and that amyloglucosidase might be involved in xylanolysis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aspinall GO (1959) Structural chemistry of hemicelluloses. Adv Carbohydr Chem 14:429–468
Aspinall GO (1980) Chemistry of cell wall polysaccharides. In: Preiss J (ed) The biochemistry of plants, vol 3. Academic Press, New York, pp 473–500
Bergmeyer HU, Bernt E (1974) Determination of glucose with glucose oxidase and peroxidase. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis vol 3, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York, pp 1205–1215
Biely P (1985) Microbial xylanolytic systems. Trends Biotechnol 3:286–290
Biely P, Mackenzie CR, Puls J, Schneider H (1986) Cooperativity of esterases and xylanases in the enzymatic degradation of acetyl xylan. Bio/Technology 4:731–733
Brown W, Anderson O (1971) Preparation of xylodextrins and their separation by gel chromatography. J Chromatogr 57:255–263
Comtat J, Ruel K, Joseleau J, Barnoud F (1975) Purification of a xylanase from a fungal cellulosic complex. Mode of action on isolated xylans and on fibrous tissues. Proceedings of the Symposium on Enzymatic Hydroylsis of Cellulose, Aulanko, Finland, Baily M, Enari TM, Linko M (eds) 12–14 March 1975, pp 351–373
Dekker RFH (1983) Bioconversion of hemicellulose: aspects of hemicellulase production by Trichoderma reesei QM9414 and enzymatic saccharification of hemicellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 30:1127–1146
Dey PM, Brinson K (1984) Plant cell walls. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 42:266–282
Du Toit PJ, Olivier SP, Biljon PL van (1984) Sugarcane bagasse as a possible source of fermentable carbohydrates. I. Characterization of bagasse with regard to monosaccharide, hemicellulose and amino acid composition. Biotechnol Bioeng 26:1071–1078
Herbert D, Phipps PJ, Strange RE (1971) Chemical analysis of microbial cells. Methods Microbiol 5B:209–344
Jefferies TW (1983) Utilization of xylose by bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Adv Biochem Eng 27:2–32
Kazi A, Tagava K (1970) Purification, crystallization and amino acid composition of an α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochim Biophys Acta 171:186–188
Kazi A, Yoshihara O (1971) Properties of purified α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochim Biophys Acta 250:367–371
Khowala S, Mukherjee M, Sengupta S (1988) Carboxymethyl xylan — a specific substrate directly differentiating backbone-hydrolysing and side-chain-reacting β-d-(1 → 4)-xylanases of the mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus. Enzyme Microb Technol 10:563–567
Komae K, Kaji A, Sato M (1982) An α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Streptomyces purpurascens IFO 3389 Agric Biol Chem 46:1899–1905
Mukherjee M, Sengupta S (1985) An inducible xylanase of the mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus differing from the xylanase/amylase produced in dextrin medium. J Gen Microbiol 131:1881–1885
Nelson N (1944) A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. J Biol Chem 153:375–380
Patridge SM (1949) Aniline hydrogen phthalate as a spraying reagent for chromatography of sugars. Nature 164:443
Poutanen K (1988a) An α-l-arabinofuranosidase of Trichoderma reesei. J Biotechnol 7:271–282
Poutanen K (1988b) Characterization of xylanolytic enzymes for potential applications. Tech Res Cent Finl Publ 47:3–59
Puls J, Schmidt O, Granzow C (1987) α-Glucuronidase in microbial xylanolytic systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 9:83–88
Sengupta S, Sengupta S (1990) Regulation by amino acids of α-amylase and endo-β(1 → 4) glucanase production in mycelial culture of mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus. Can J Microbiol 36:617–624
Sengupta S, Khowala S, Goswami PK (1987) Assay of endo-β-d-xylanase activity with a soluble O-(carboxymethyl) derivatives of larch-wood d-xylan. Carbohydr Res 168:156–161
Skoog K, Hahn-Hagerdal B (1988) Xylose fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 10:66–80
Somogyi M (1952) Notes on sugar determination. J Biol Chem 195:19–23
Tsao GT, Chiang LC (1983) Cellulose and hemicellulose technology. In: Smith JE, Berry DR, Kristiansen B (eds) The filamentous fungi, vol 4. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Calcutta, pp 296–321
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Correspondence to: S. Sengupta
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khowala, S., Ghosh, A.K. & Sengupta, S. Saccharification of xylan by an amyloglucosidase of Termitomyces clypeatus and synergism in the presence of xylanase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37, 287–292 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210979
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210979