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  • Other Sources  (1,449)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (916)
  • ASTRONOMY  (297)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • Humans
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • 1990-1994  (1,447)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
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  • 1
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    An unusually strong Einstein ring in the radio source PKS1830 - 211 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: High-resolution radio images of PKS1830 - 211 are obtained to study the possibility that the double structure is a gravitationally lensed object. The VLBI observations, taken from interferometric radiotelescope networks, reveal an elliptical ring that connects two bright spots of similar composition. Because the lens and the lensed object are closely aligned, and because of the structure of the two spots, the source is concluded to be a radio Einstein ring. The source is found to be close to the galactic plane, and the lens and the lensed object are extragalactic. The source is also found to be unusually bright, suggesting that it is aligned with a bright background source or amplified by some mechanism related to a source that is not so bright.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 352; 132-134
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  • 2
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    BATSE gamma-ray burst line search. 1: Search for narrow lines in spectroscopy detector data (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Analysis of data from the Spectroscopy Detectors (SDs) of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) has found no convincing line features in the spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in almost 3 years of operation, in contrast to expectations based on results from other experiments. In this Letter we discuss the visual search for narrow lines in the SD data. The search has examined 192 bursts, of which approximately 18 were intense enough that lines similar to those seen by instruments on the Ginga satellite would have been visible between approximately 20 and approximately 100 keV. A simplified calculation shows that the BATSE and Ginga results are consistent at the 13% level.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 433; 2; p. L77-L80
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  • 3
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    BATSE spectroscopy catalog of bright gamma-ray bursts (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper presents comprehensive results on the spectra of 30 bright gamma ray bursts (GRBs) as observed by the Spectroscopy Detectors (SDs) of the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). The data selection was strict in including only spectra that are of high reliability for continuum shape studies. This BATSE Spectroscopy Catalog presents fluences, model fits (for five spectral models for three energy ranges), and photon spectra in a standard manner for each burst. Complete information is provided to describe the data selection and analysis procedures. The catalog results are also presented in electronic format (from the Compton Observatory Science Support Center) and CD-ROM format (AAS CD-ROM series, Vol. 2). These electronic formats also present the count spectra and detector response matrices so as to allow for independent study and fitting by researchers outside the BATSE Team. This BATSE Spectroscopy Catalog complements the catalog from BATSE Large Area Detector (LAD) data by Fishman et al. (1994).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ISSN 0067-0049); 92; 1; p. 285-310
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  • 4
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    Mitigation of adverse environmental effects on lunar-based astronomical instruments (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The galactic cosmic-ray flux incident on the moon was examined for its potential adverse impact on the performance of the large lunar telescope (LLT) proposed as a part of NASA's Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). Noise produced by the cosmic-ray flux in the charge coupled devices to be used as the primary photodetector in the telescope was estimated. It was calculated that approximately 2.5 m of regolith would provide the shielding necessary to reduce the noise to an acceptable level. Dust is an omnipresent environmental concern for any human-assisted or robotic scientific instruments deployed on the moon. The degree to which dust poses an operational risk to the telescope was examined. Three potential methods for reducing this risk were identified: locating scientific instruments at remote locations; utilizing a prepared, dust-free site for all rocket activities; and covering the optics during high-risk times.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: In: Engineering, construction, and operations in space III: Space '92; Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, Denver, CO, May 31-June 4, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-41976 17-12); p. 1832-1841.
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  • 5
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    STARDUST - A simulation experiment of cosmic dust analogues production in microgravity conditions (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The condensation of solid materials from the vapor phase is important in several scientific fields such as chemical vapor deposition, air pollution and the formation of refractory cosmic dust around stars. Conventional studies of refractory grain formation, using high temperature furnace and shock tube techniques, are restricted to short time scales and suffer from buoyancy induced convection that limit their accuracy. In order to simulate more accurately the condensation of refractory grains near stars and to investigate the advantages of performing condensation studies in microgravity conditions, an experimental investigation was undertaken. This work reports the experimental equipment currently used. The results from the first flight series and particle aggregation modelling efforts are presented briefly.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Microgravity Science and Technology (ISSN 0938-0108); 6; 2; p. 123-130.
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  • 6
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    An Occultation by Saturn's Rings on 1991 October 2-3 October 2-3 Observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An occultation of the star GSC 6323-01396 (V = 11.9) by Saturn's rings was observed with the High-Speed Photometer on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on 1991 October 2-3. This occultation occurred when Saturn was near a stationary point, so the apparent motion of Saturn relative to the star was dominated by the HST orbital motion (8 km/s). Data were recorded simultaneously at effective wavelengths of 3200 and 7500 A, with an integration time of 0.15 s. Fifteen segments of occultation data, totaling 6.8 h, were recorded in 13 successive orbits during the 20.0 h interval from UTC 1991 October 2, 19:35 until UTC 1991 October 3, 15:35. Occultations by 43 different features throughout the classical rings were unambiguously identified in the light curve, with a second occultation by 24 of them occurring due to spacecraft orbital parallax during this extremely slow event. Occultation times for features currently presumed circular were measured and employed in a geometrical model for the rings. This model, relating the observed occultation times to feature radii and longitudes, is presented here and is used in a least-squares fit for the pole direction and radius scale of Saturn's ring system.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: The Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 106; 6; p. 2544-2572
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  • 7
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    Comments on the statistical analysis of excess variance in the COBE differential microwave radiometer maps (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Cosmic anisotrophy produces an excess variance sq sigma(sub sky) in the Delta maps produced by the Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) on cosmic background explorer (COBE) that is over and above the instrument noise. After smoothing to an effective resolution of 10 deg, this excess sigma(sub sky)(10 deg), provides an estimate for the amplitude of the primordial density perturbation power spectrum with a cosmic uncertainty of only 12%. We employ detailed Monte Carlo techniques to express the amplitude derived from this statistic in terms of the universal root mean square (rms) quadrupole amplitude, (Q sq/RMS)(exp 0.5). The effects of monopole and dipole subtraction and the non-Gaussian shape of the DMR beam cause the derived (Q sq/RMS)(exp 0.5) to be 5%-10% larger than would be derived using simplified analytic approximations. We also investigate the properties of two other map statistics: the actual quadrupole and the Boughn-Cottingham statistic. Both the sigma(sub sky)(10 deg) statistic and the Boughn-Cottingham statistic are consistent with the (Q sq/RMS)(exp 0.5) = 17 +/- 5 micro K reported by Smoot et al. (1992) and Wright et al. (1992).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 420; 1; p. 1-8
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  • 8
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    Flat-spectrum radio sources from the Parkes 2.7 GHz survey - A study of a complete sample (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A complete sample, taken from the Parkes 2.7 GHz catalog, of flat-spectrum radio sources with flux densities greater than 0.5 Jy is described. The sample covers all right ascensions and declinations for +10 deg to -45 deg, excluding the Galactic plane, and contains 403 sources. Attention is drawn to the advantages of radio surveys over optical surveys. The survey is used to highlight some selection effects found in optical surveys. How this sample can be used to give information on the early universe is discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Australian Journal of Physics (ISSN 0004-9506); 43; 2, 19
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  • 9
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    Advanced Solid-State Array Spectrometer (ASAS) data sets from the 1990 field season: A unique look at two forested ecosystems (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Advanced Solid-state Array Spectrometer (ASAS) is a pointable imaging spectrometer which uses a solid-state array to acquire imagery of terrestrial targets in 29 spectral bands from .4 to .8 microns. Performance and calibration of the instrument are described. The ASAS data sets obtained in 1990 provide a unique look at forest canopies from two different forest regions of the North America continent under varying temporal, spectral, and bidirectional conditions. These data sets will be used to study such parameters as the albedo of forest canopies, the dynamics of scene radiation due to factors such as canopy architecture, moisture stress, leaf chemistry, topography, and understory composition.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA, Washington, 4th Airborne Geoscience Workshop; p 287-288
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Stardust: Studies in microgravity of condensation and agglomeration of cosmic dust analogue (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A short description of the program Stardust whose goal is to study the formation and properties of high temperature particles and gases, including silicate and carbonaceous materials, that are of interest in astrophysics and planetary science, is given. The international program was carried out in microgravity conditions in parabolic flight. A description of the laboratory equipment, conceived to perform experimental tests in reduced gravity conditions, and which is based on the gas evaporation technique, is given. The gas evaporation technique utilizes one or more heated crucible to vaporize solids materials (SiO, Mg) in a low pressure of inert or reactive gas inside of a vacuum bell jar. The vapor pressures of the materials are controlled by the temperature of the crucibles. The temperature and pressure of inert gas are also controlled. By varying the vapor pressure relative to the gas temperature and pressure, the conditions for substantial grain condensation can be controlled and grain formation measured using light scattering techniques. Thus the partial pressure for grain condensation, can be measured as a function of temperature. The gas evaporation technique has the advantage that complex chemical systems can be studied by using multiple crucibles each containing solid source material. Experimental results and future trends are addressed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESA, Environment Observation and Climate Modelling Through International Space Projects. Columbus Eight (COSY-8): Utilisation of Earth Orbiting Laboratories; p 325-329
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