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  • 1
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    Resistance of MHC class I-deficient mice to experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-02
    Description: Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in mice by immunization with a human monoclonal antibody to DNA that bears a common idiotype (16/6Id). These mice generate antibodies to 16/6Id, antibodies to DNA, and antibodies directed against nuclear antigens. Subsequently, manifestations of SLE develop, including leukopenia, proteinuria, and immune complex deposits in the kidney. In contrast, after immunization with 16/6Id, mice lacking major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules generated antibodies to 16/6Id but did not generate antibodies to DNA or to nuclear antigen. Furthermore, they did not develop any of the above clinical manifestations. These results reveal an unexpected function of MHC class I in the induction of autoimmune SLE.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mozes, E -- Kohn, L D -- Hakim, F -- Singer, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 2;261(5117):91-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*immunology ; Mice
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The Diurnal Variation of Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Chlorine Radicals: Implications for the Heterogeneous Production of HNO2 (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: In situ measurements of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine radicals obtained through sunrise and sunset in the lower stratosphere during SPADE are compared to results from a photochemical model constrained by observed concentrations of radical precursors and environmental conditions. Models allowing for heterogeneous hydrolysis of N205 on sulfate aerosols agree with measured concentrations of NO, NO2, and ClO throughout the day, but fail to account for high concentrations of OH and H02 observed near sunrise and sunset. The morning burst of [OH] and [HO2] coincides with the rise of [NO] from photolysis of N02, suggesting a new source of HO, that photolyzes in the near UV (350 to 400 nm) spectral region. A model that allows for the heterogeneous production of HN02 results in an excellent simulation of the diurnal variations of [OH] and [HO2].
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: NASA-CR-204900 , Paper-94-GL-02782 , NAS 1.26:204900 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8534); 21; 23; 2551-2554
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Distribution of Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Chlorine Radicals in the Lower Stratosphere: Implications for Changes in O3 due to Emission of NO(y) from Supersonic Aircraft (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: In situ measurements of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine radicals obtained in the lower stratosphere during the Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) are compared to results from a photochemical model that assimilates measurements of radical precursors and environmental conditions. Models allowing for heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 agree well with measured concentrations of NO and ClO, but concentrations of HO2 and OH are underestimated by 10 to 25%, concentrations of NO2 are overestimated by 10 to 30%, and concentrations of HCl are overestimated by a factor of 2. Discrepancies for [OH] and [HO2] are reduced if we allow for higher yields of O(sup 1)D) from 03 photolysis and for heterogeneous production of HNO2. The data suggest more efficient catalytic removal of O3 by hydrogen and halogen radicals relative to nitrogen oxide radicals than predicted by models using recommended rates and cross sections. Increases in [O3] in the lower stratosphere may be larger in response to inputs of NO(sub y) from supersonic aircraft than estimated by current assessment models.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: NASA-CR-204901 , Paper-94GL02781 , NAS 1.26:204901 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8534); 21; 23; 2547-2550
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tyrosine-derived polycarbonates: Backbone-modified “pseudo”-poly(amino acids) designed for biomedical applications (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Starting from L-tyrosine (Tyr) and its metabolites desaminotyrosine (Dat) and tyramine (Tym), four structurally related model dipeptides were prepared: Dat-Tym (neither N- or C-terminus present), Z-Tyr-Tym (N-terminus protected by benzyloxycarbonyl), Dat-Tyr-Hex (C-terminus protected by a hexyl ester group), and Z-Tyr-Tyr-Hex (both N- and C-termini present, protected by benzyloxycarbonyl and hexyl ester, respectively). The model dipeptides were used as monomers in the synthesis of polycarbonates. The polymerization reaction in the presence of either phosgene or triphosgene proceeded via the phenolic hydroxyl groups. Polymers with molecular weights of 105,000-400,000 da (by gel permeation chromatography, relative to polystyrene standards) were obtained. The physicomechanical properties (solubility, mechanical strength, glass transition and decomposition temperature, processibility) of the polymers were determined, and an attempt was made to correlate the polymer properties with the nature of the N- and C-terminus protecting groups. The presence of the urethane bond at the N-terminus protecting group was found to reduce solubility, ductility, and processibility, probably due to interchain hydrogen bonding. The presence of a C-terminus alkyl ester group increased solubility and processibility. Thus, the most promising candidate polymer for biomedical applications was obtained from Dat-Tyr-Hex, the monomer carrying a C-terminus protecting group only. Since very similar results had recently been obtained for a series of structurally related polyiminocarbonates, the structure property correlations seem to be generally valid.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360320418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure and nmr conformation of a cyclic pseudotetrapeptide containing urethane backbone linkages (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 34 (1994), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Urethane bonds, derived from the hydroxyl group of the tyrosine side chain, have been investigated as a new type of amide bond mimetic in the design of pseudopeptides. The structure of a representative cyclic pseudotetrapeptide that consists of an  -  Ala  -  Tyr(urethane) Ala  -  Tyr (urethane) sequence fused into a rigid ring has been studied in the solid state by x-ray crystallography and in solution by two-dimensional nmr techniques. The cyclic pseudotetrapeptide has an oblong shape. The backbone urethane bonds assume a trans-trans conformation. The carbonyl groups in the ring have an alternating pattern of down, up, down, up with respect to the average ring plane. Solution nmr studies give observed nuclear Overhauser effects and coupling constants largely in agreement with the crystal structure. However, in solution the observed structure is likely to be conformationally averaged, and in the averaged structure, the urethane bond is perpendicular to the plane of the aromatic ring of the tyrosine, while in the crystal it is close to this plane. These differences may be explained by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Four aspects of the conformation of the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide were investigated in detail: the tyrosine residue with the attached side-chain urethane bond (the tyrosine-urethane unit), the conformation of the two urethane backbone linkages, the conformation of the two conventional peptide bonds within this unusual ring structure, and the tight turns within the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide. The conformation of the tight turns present in the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide is very similar to that of a β-bend of type II. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding, joining adjacent layers of the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide in the solid state, resemble a parallel β-pleated sheet. The presence of these structural motifs in the cyclic pseudotetrapeptide indicates that the tyrosine urethane unit may find applications in peptide and protein engineering. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360340312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic polyesterification in organic media. II. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of lateral-substituted aliphatic polyesters and copolyestersThis article was taken in part from a dissertation submitted by Dafna Knani to the Department of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, in October 1990, in partial fulfillment of the degree of D.Sc. (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2887-2897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: enzymatic polymerization ; enzymatic copolymerization ; chiral hydroxyesters ; organic solvents ; optically active polyesters ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzymatic polymerization of hydroxyesters in organic media has been the subject of a previous and ongoing research in our laboratory. As part of that study, four ∊-substituted-∊-hydroxyesters were synthesized, and then polymerized using crude porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) in n-hexane. These lateral-substituted hydroxyesters polymerized enantioselectively to produce optically active oligomers and a resolved optically active unreacted monomer. It was found that with increasing bulkiness of the lateral substituent, in the order Me 〉Et 〉Ph, the enzymatic reaction becomes slower, yet the enantioselectivity is higher. The lateral-substituted hydroxyesters were also copolymerized enzymatically with the more reactive linear methyl ∊-hydroxyhexanoate. Optically active copolymers were obtained, higher in molecular weight than the analogous homopolymers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photocrosslinked hydrogels based on copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) and lysine (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1271-1281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: L-lysine ; poly(ether urethane) ; photocrosslinked ; poly(ethylene glycol) ; hydrogel (s) ; drug release ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A group of new, water-soluble poly(ether-urethane)s, derived from poly(ethylene glycol) and the amino acid L-lysine, provide pendent carboxylic acid groups along the polymer backbone at regular intervals. The carboxylic acid groups were utilized for the attachment of acrylate and methacrylate pendent chains (hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, and aminoethyl methacrylamide), leading to functionalized polymers. The pendent chains were attached via ester and/or amide bonds having different degrees of hydrolytic stability. The attachment reactions proceeded with high yields (up to 95%). The functionalized polymers were subsequently photopolymerized (UV irradiation) to obtain crosslinked hydrogels. Crosslinked membranes with the highest degree of mechanical strength were obtained when the crosslinking reaction was performed in dioxane with benzoin methyl ether (0.1 wt %) as the initiator. the crystallinity, thermomechanical properties, and hydrolytic stability of the crosslinked membranes were studied. All membranes were transparent and highly swellable (equilibrium water content: 64-88%). The tensile strength in the swollen state ranged from 0.15 to 1.09 MPa. Under physiological conditions (phosphate buffered water, 0.1M, pH 7.4, 37°C) the hydrolytic stability of the hydrogels varied depending on the bonds used in the attachment of the acrylate pendent chains: Hydrogels with hydroxyethyl acrylate pendent chains dissolved within 30 days, while hydrogels containing aminoethyl methacrylamide pendent chains remained unchanged throughout a 30 day period. Using high molecular weight FITC-dextrans as model compounds, complete release from the swollen hydrogels required between 60 and 150 h. Overall, the evaluation of poly(ethylene glycol)-lysine derived, photocrosslinked hydrogels indicated that these materials provide a range of potentially useful properties. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320708
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic polyesterification in organic media. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of linear polyesters. I. Condensation polymerization of linear hydroxyesters. II. Ring-opening polymerization of ∊-caprolactoneThis article is taken in part from a dissertation submitted by Dafna Knani to the Department of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, in October 1990, in partial fulfillment of the degree of D.Sc.The paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. D. H. Kohn who died before it was completed. (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 1221-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: enzymatic polymerization ; organic solvents ; polyesters ; macrolactones ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With the object to synthesize polyesters by enzymatic catalysis in organic media, two directions have been investigated: (1) the condensation polymerization of linear ω-hydroxyesters and (2) the ring-opening polymerization of lactones. The commercially-available crude porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), suspended in organic solvents, was the preferred enzyme for the reactions. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the condensation polymerization, the bifunctional methyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate was used as a model compound to study the influence of the following parameters: type of the enzymecatalyst, kind of solvent, concentration, temperature, duration, size of the reaction mixture, and stirring. Film-forming polyesters with a degree of polymerization (DP) up to about 100 were obtained from linear aliphatic hydroxyesters in n-hexane at reflux temperature (69°C). Yet concurrently with the intermolecular condensation polymerization, macrolactones were also formed by intramolecular reaction. Two aromatic hydroxyesters did not react under these conditions. For the ring-opening polymerization of lactones the reaction of ∊-caprolactone with methanol as the preferred nucleophile, was studied. Polyesters with a DP of up to 35 were obtained in n-hexane at temperatures between 25 and 40°C. The degrees of polymerization of the polyesters were determined by comparative analyses of the end groups in the 1H-NMR spectra and by determination of molecular weights either by vapor phase osmometry, gel permeation chromatography, or intrinsic viscosity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310518
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of acrylic esters with ethyl α-cyanocinnamateThis paper is taken in part from a dissertation submitted by Mose M. Angelovici to the Department of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, in November 1984, in Partial fulfillment of the degree of M.Sc. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The copolymers of ethyl α-cyanocinnamate with methyl, ethyl, and butyl acrylate were prepared in toluene solution with benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The copolymerization parameters were determined and the alfrey-Price Q and e values were calculated. The influence of the comonomer on some of the basic properties of the copolymers, like intrinsic viscosity, solubility, and glass transition temperature, was studied in comparison with the corresponding homopolyacrylates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 2079-2089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The homopolymerization of acrylamide in water alone and also in the presence of calcium sulfate dihydrate and of calcium sulfate hemihydrate has been studied. Polymerizing acrylamide with the redox pair potassium persulfate - sodium bisulfite, the rate increased steadily with increasing initiator concentration. In the presence of up to 25% dihydrate, the rate was like that of acrylamide alone. However, when adding the “reactive” hemihydrate that is hydrated to the dihydrate concurrently with the progressing polymerization, the rate is somewhat slower in comparison with the two other systems. For determination of the compositions of the various reaction products, a method combining DTA and XRD data has been developed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451203
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