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  • Articles  (64)
  • Chemistry  (64)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
  • 1990-1994  (53)
  • 1970-1974  (11)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controller design for distributed systems via bass' technique (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 734-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bass' feedback controller design technique is extended to distributed parameter systems and its use is illustrated for a parabolic system with boundary control.The development of the design technique rests on a conjecture concerning the necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of linear time invariant partial differential equations. It is shown through a study of the discretized analog of a distributed system that the most likely candidate for a Lyapunov functional general enough to yield the necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability is a double integral with a symmetric kernel.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180412
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convective diffusion of heat in composite media with heat sources and sinks (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Convective diffusion of heat is a problem which arises in many areas. Since most thermal transport situations involve more than one material insulation, supports, etc., the treatment of composite regions is of interest. In certain systems, namely, those involving chemical or nuclear reactions, heat generation may be either localized or distributed. In this paper a general analytical treatment of this problem is made by using a double Fourier series technique involving an extended orthogonality concept. This treatment is then applied to the solutions of heat transfer situations arising in electrochemical energy conversion systems. Experimental temperature profiles are presented which test the theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170116
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the quantitative estimation of chain branching in poly(vinyl chloride) (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1973), S. 321-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021650128
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the length of the short chain branch on the impact properties of linear low density polyethylene (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 944-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ability to evaluate various mechanical test parameters of polymers using an instrumented impact tester is reviewed. The nature of the short chain branching (SCB) in a series of linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPE) was characterized and related to several impact test parameters for these materials. The impact strength, ductility, and impact fatigue life were observed to increase with increasing branch length. This was attributed, in fact, to an increase in the number of interlamellar tie molecules as the SCB length increased. With an increase in the SCB length the SCB distribution became broader; the number of chains rich in short chain branches increased. This component acts somewhat like the rubber particles in a rubber-toughened blend which gives rise to the concept of a “one copolymer blend”.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321406
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The separate roles of phase structure and interfacial adhesion in toughening a brittle polymer (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1695-1702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of rubber particle size and rubber/matrix adhesion on the impact properties of a brittle polymer have been separated using polystyrene (PS)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) as a model system in which interfacial chemical reaction could be controlled. It has been proven that the interfacial adhesion between the rubber phase and the PS matrix not only greatly aids in reducing the rubber particle size but also plays a further role in improving the impact properties of the matrix polymer. The impact energies of PS/NBR blends with interfacial chemical bonding are four to ten times as high as those without interfacial bonding for the same average rubber particle size. However, at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the rubber, there is no difference in impact energies with or without interfacial chemical bonding. It has been found that the optimum rubber particle size for toughening PS is influenced by interfacial adhesion. Smaller optimum rubber particle size is observed for blends with greater amounts of interfacial chemical bonding.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322207
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of cryogenically ground rubber tires as a filler in polyolefin blends (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 166-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of cryogenically ground rubber tires (CGT) on some of the mechanical properties of blends with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are presented. Precoating the CGT particles with an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer is shown to overcome most of the deleterious effects of adding CGT to LLDPE, while still retaining composite processability. A blend of 40 wt% EAA coated CGT particles with LLDPE is shown to have impact and tensile strengths that are 90% of those for the pure LLDPE, representing increases of 60 and 20%, respectively, over blends with uncoated particles. Blends of LLDPE with ground tire bladders demonstrate that even better mechanical properties can be obtained with similar large rubber particle size but somewhat better adhesion. For HDPE, however, it is shown that with large rubber particles, moderate adhesion is not sufficient to produce useful composites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330307
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate on linear low density polyethylene in the melt (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1990), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Pfropfen von 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylat (DMAEMA) auf lineares Polyethylen niedriger Dichte (LLDPE) in der Schmelze wurde mittels Messungen des Monomerumsatzes, des Pfropfgrades und der Pfropfeffizienz untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß das Pfropfen von DMAEMA auf LLDPE bereits bei niedrigen Temperaturen von etwa 90°C in der Schmelze durchgeführt werden kann, obwohl der Schmelzpunkt von LLDPE bei etwa 120°C liegt. Wenn die Pfropfreaktion bei zu hohen oder zu niedrigen Temperaturen durchgeführt wird, kann nur ein sehr niedriger Pfropfgrad beobachtet werden. Hohe Reaktionstemperaturen begünstigen die Polymervernetzung, was sich im Absinken des Schmelzindex bemerkbar macht. Die meisten Pfropfvorgänge werden während der Anfangsphase der Reaktion (unter den vorliegenden Bedingungen während der ersten 3 min) beobachtet. Eine Verlängerung der Reaktionsdauer über diesen Zeitraum hinaus führt zu verstärkter Vernetzung und erhöhter Produktion des Homopolymeren, was die Effizienz des Prozesses verringert. Organische Peroxide sind über einen weiten Halbwertszeitenbereich effektive Initiatoren der Pfropfreaktion, während Azoinitiatoren keine Pfropfung bewirken.
    Notes: Grafting of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) in the melt has been studied through measurements of monomer conversion, the degree of grafting and the grafting efficiency. Results show that the grafting of DMAEMA on LLDPE can be carried out in the melt at temperatures as low as 90°C even though the melting point of the LLDPE is as high as 120°C. When the grafting reaction is carried out at too low or too high temperature, a low degree of grafting is observed. High reaction temperature favoured crosslinking of the polymer as indicated by decreasing melt flow index. Most of the grafts were obtained during the early period of the reaction (before 3 min under the reaction conditions used). Further increase in reaction time increased crosslinking and also produced more homopolymer, thus decreasing the grafting efficiency. Organic peroxides are effective initiators for the grafting reaction over a broad range of half-lives while azo initiators do not produce grafting.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051810101
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relationships in a reactively coupled ductile matrix/brittle dispersed phase blend (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1347-1362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyethylene/polymethyl methacrylate blends ; reactive polymer blends ; ductile matrix/brittle dispersed phase blend ; instrumented impact testing ; toughening mechanism ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Blends of t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate grafted polyethylene (PE-g-tBAEMA) with methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer (PMMA-MAA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared in a Banbury type batch mixer. The effects of component proportions and processing conditions on the melt flow index, morphology, impact, and tensile properties of the resulting polymer blends were investigated. The interfacial chemical reaction was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. It was observed that the melt index of the blends was reduced with increasing melt processing temperature and mixing time, indicating the formation of PE-g-PMMA block copolymer. New IR bands at 1554, 1628, 1800, and 1019 cm-1 were observed only for PE-g-tBAEMA/PMMA-MAA, the reactive blends, but not for PE-g-tBAEMA/PMMA, the nonreactive blend. These IR bands were attributed to the amide, carboxylate anion and methacrylimide formation resulting from the chemical reaction between the secondary amine on the PE-g-tBAEMA/PMMA moiety and the carboxylic acid on PMMA-MAA segment. The morphology of the blends in various compositions was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and related to their mechanical properties. All of the blends have a domain structure whose morphology is strongly dependent on the concentration of the dispersed phase. Furthermore, the PE-g-tBAEMA/PMMA-MAA reactive blends were shown to have much finer morphology than the corresponding nonreactive blends. For the reactive polymer blends consisting of brittle particles dispersed in the ductile matrices, the PE-g-tBAEMA/PMMA-MAA, impact and tensile result higher than predicted by the additivity rule were observed. The toughening of polyethylene by PMMA was explained by a “cold-drawing” mechanism. The Young's modulus of the blends and the extent of interfacial adhesion were analyzed with Takayanagi and Sato-Furukawa's theories. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090311010
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic functionalization of molten linear low-density polyethylene with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate in an intermeshing corotating twin-screw extruder (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1299-1313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Functionalization of molten linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was studied in an intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder using a peroxide initiator. The influence of monomer concentration, initiator concentration, reaction temperature, the screw speed, and the mean reaction residence time on the grafting reaction was investigated in order to determine the reaction conditions necessary to obtain a controlled degree of grafting, DG, while minimizing homopolymerization and crosslinking. Relatively high grafting levels can be obtained without excessive polyethylene crosslinking by using high monomer concentrations, wm, with low initiator concentrations, wI. DG increased with increasing monomer concentration when wm exceeded a certain value. Processing temperatures between 130 and 160°C are optimal to achieve high grafting efficiency, GE. Too high a processing temperature resulted in both low DG and GE. An optimal reaction residence time of about 5 min was found for wm = 23 wt % and wI = 0.56 wt % to obtain relatively high DG and GE. The melt flow index of the reaction product, MFI, increased with increasing wm at constant wI. This suggests that the DMAEMA monomer has the ability to suppress crosslinking of the LLDPE chains. The ability of the DMAEMA monomer to compete for initiator and polymer radicals and reduce LLDPE crosslinking was further demonstrated by the study of sequential addition of monomer and initiator along the extruder. The competition among the three reactions (i.e., the desired grafting, homopolymerization, and crosslinking) is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410537
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrium swelling properties of weakly lonizable 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 783-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrogles, sensitive to pH, were prepared by copolymerizing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA). The mole fraction of the DMA monomer present during synthesis was fixed at 0.3, while the volume fraction of total monomer varied from 0.29 (I) to 1.0 (II). Swelling equilibria were measured in citrate of phosphate buffer for pH from 3.0 to 7.6 Swelling of the hydrogels depends on the volume fraction monomer present during synthesis, solution, pH, and identity of the buffer, Hydrogel I reached a four-fold larger swelling ratio (g swollen hydrogel/g dry hydrogel) in pH 3.0 citrate buffer, as compared to hydrogel II. Experimental results are interpreted on the basis of ideal Donnan equilibria. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520609
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