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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The separate roles of phase structure and interfacial adhesion in toughening a brittle polymer (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1695-1702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of rubber particle size and rubber/matrix adhesion on the impact properties of a brittle polymer have been separated using polystyrene (PS)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) as a model system in which interfacial chemical reaction could be controlled. It has been proven that the interfacial adhesion between the rubber phase and the PS matrix not only greatly aids in reducing the rubber particle size but also plays a further role in improving the impact properties of the matrix polymer. The impact energies of PS/NBR blends with interfacial chemical bonding are four to ten times as high as those without interfacial bonding for the same average rubber particle size. However, at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the rubber, there is no difference in impact energies with or without interfacial chemical bonding. It has been found that the optimum rubber particle size for toughening PS is influenced by interfacial adhesion. Smaller optimum rubber particle size is observed for blends with greater amounts of interfacial chemical bonding.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322207
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumented dart impact evaluation of linear low density polyethylene at controlled impact energy (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 753-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Instrumented impact testing of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE I) (ethylene and 1-octene copolymer) was carried out using a Rheometrics Drop-Weight Tester (RDT-5000). A method of partial penetration at controlled impact energy was used and developed. The set impact speed was raised step by step in small intervals of 0.25 m/s over a range of 0.76 m/s to 9.14 m/s. The impact deformation profiles of LLDPE I were obtained for a series of specimens impacted at different speeds. The stress states of the LLDPE I during the corresponding impact events were obtained with the instrumented impact tup. By comparing the observed impact profile with the force-displacement trace, the yield point and the initial failure point of LLDPE I were assessed. The point of 100 percent of the maximum load on the force-displacement trace of a total penetration impact was shown to be the yield point. On the basis of the determination of the yield point, a parameter, ductile ratio (D.R.), was redefined to characterize the ductility of polymers. The initial break point of LLDPE I was determined. The effect of specimen thickness and test temperature on the impact properties was investigated.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas separation with porous anisotropic polymer films (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 284-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The utility of anisotropic ultrafiltration membranes in gas separation has been examined. These membranes consist of a thin (0.2-2μ) barrier layer supported upon a more porous supporting substructure. Gases permeate these membranes by a Knudsen diffusion mechanism. Permeabilities from 0.1 to 0.4 cm sec-1 cm Hg-1 were obtained. These values are 104 to 105 higher than most conventional gas separation membranes. These membranes may be useful in several gas separation processes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical analysis of potentiometric oxygen sensors for combustion-gas streams (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1498-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical tools necessary to describe quantitatively the chemical processes that dictate the performance of exhaust oxygen sensors are developed. Such sensors are used commonly to monitor exhaust streams generated by internal-combustion processes. Calculated results compare well with available experimental results, although several open questions are idetified that require more experimental data. The mathematical formalism for describing the transport of gaseous species through the porous spinel structure protecting the platinum electrode on the exhaust side of the sensor is developed based on the Stefan-Maxwell equations. The kinetic processes occurring at the interface formed by the platinum electrode and the spinel structure, including the oxidation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and various adsorption-desorption reactions, enter as boundary conditions for the transport equations. The analysis enables one to calculate the sensor's voltage response as a function of the air-to-fuel ratio λ and to investigate phenomena such as the magnitude of the voltage jump in going from rich to lean gas mixtures and the λ value at which this jump occurs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400909
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental investigation of air bubble motion in a turbulent water stream (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 268-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The motion of individual air bubbles in a water stream flowing turbulently in a 4 in. × 4 in. vertical conduit is investigated by photographic means. The bulk water velocity ranges from 40.8 to 267 cm./sec., corresponding to a system Reynolds number range of 48,600 to 386,000. Both tap and demineralized water were used at or near room temperatures. Air bubbles range from 0.038 to 0.70 cm. in equivalent radius and the corresponding bubble Reynolds number based on relative velocity ranges from 58 to 4,500.The results indicated that the bubble relative velocity in a turbulent water stream is similar to the rise velocity of single bubbles through a quiescent liquid. It was found to be practically independent of the system Reynolds number for bubbles having an equivalent radius above 0.3 cm. Large fluctuations in the bubble velocities were noted in all cases. The drag coefficient is, in general, lower for the demineralized water tests than for tap water when the bubble Reynolds number is below 2,000. Above this value, a mergence of the drag coefficients for all tests occur with a peak of approximately 2.0 at a bubble Reynolds number of 3,000, which is lower than the nonflow value of 2.6.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110217
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer in a fuel cell battery (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 825-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Analytical solutions were obtained for temperature distributions in a single adiabatic fuel cell with heat generation by TΔS, I2R, and polarization. With these results it is possible to characterize heat transfer in a battery with convection in the fuel and air streams, and with conduction of heat in three directions, by means of an average temperature for which an analytical solution was also obtained. Although the temperature can be kept within safe limits in low-power density batteries, the results show that critical dimensions exist beyond which failure by thermal buckling will occur.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110516
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the donnan equilibrium principle to concentrate uranyl ions by an ion-exchange membrane process (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 1006-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170443
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convective diffusion of heat in composite media with heat sources and sinks (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Convective diffusion of heat is a problem which arises in many areas. Since most thermal transport situations involve more than one material insulation, supports, etc., the treatment of composite regions is of interest. In certain systems, namely, those involving chemical or nuclear reactions, heat generation may be either localized or distributed. In this paper a general analytical treatment of this problem is made by using a double Fourier series technique involving an extended orthogonality concept. This treatment is then applied to the solutions of heat transfer situations arising in electrochemical energy conversion systems. Experimental temperature profiles are presented which test the theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controller design for distributed systems via bass' technique (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 734-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bass' feedback controller design technique is extended to distributed parameter systems and its use is illustrated for a parabolic system with boundary control.The development of the design technique rests on a conjecture concerning the necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of linear time invariant partial differential equations. It is shown through a study of the discretized analog of a distributed system that the most likely candidate for a Lyapunov functional general enough to yield the necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability is a double integral with a symmetric kernel.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180412
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of cryogenically ground rubber tires as a filler in polyolefin blends (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 166-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of cryogenically ground rubber tires (CGT) on some of the mechanical properties of blends with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are presented. Precoating the CGT particles with an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer is shown to overcome most of the deleterious effects of adding CGT to LLDPE, while still retaining composite processability. A blend of 40 wt% EAA coated CGT particles with LLDPE is shown to have impact and tensile strengths that are 90% of those for the pure LLDPE, representing increases of 60 and 20%, respectively, over blends with uncoated particles. Blends of LLDPE with ground tire bladders demonstrate that even better mechanical properties can be obtained with similar large rubber particle size but somewhat better adhesion. For HDPE, however, it is shown that with large rubber particles, moderate adhesion is not sufficient to produce useful composites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330307
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