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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of nonhost phototoxins to parsnip webworms(Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: phototoxicity ; harmane ; harmine ; harmalol ; alpha-terthienyl ; skimmianine ; Lepidoptera ; Oecophoridae ; Depressaria pastinacella ; parsnip webworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The parsnip webworm,Depressaria pastinacella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), feeds exclusively on apiaceous hostplants containing furanocoumarins, compounds capable of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independend photosensitization. Despite high titers of antioxidant enzymes relative to other herbivorous insects, webworms cannot tolerate nonhost photosensitizers such as alpha-terthienyl or beta-carboline alkaloids at dietary concentrations of 0.01% or less. Tolerance of skimmianine, a furano-quinoline alkaloid, may be due to its structural resemblance to furanocoumarins, which are metabolized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241647
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive significance of furanocoumarin diversity inPastinaca sativa (Apiaceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; corn earworm ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pastinaca sativa ; wild parsnip ; Apiaceae ; furanocoumarins ; defense ; xanthotoxin ; photoactivation ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fruits ofPastinaca sativa (Apiaceae), the edible parsnip, contain six different furanocoumarins that are differentially capable of ultraviolet-mediated cross-linkage of DNA and inhibition of DNA transcription. Individually, none of the other furanocoumarins present in parsnip seeds is as toxic as the photosensitizer xanthotoxin. Nevertheless, the natural mixture of compounds is toxicologically more effective againstHeliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), both in the presence and absence of UV light, than is an equimolar amount of xanthotoxin. The difference in toxicity diminishes with increasing light levels. Thus, a series of structurally related natural products can display toxicity lacking in individual compounds and may represent an adaptive compromise to varying environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994434
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratospheric ozone depletion and plantinsect interactions: Effects of UVB radiation on foliage quality ofCitrus jambhiri forTrichoplusia ni (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 525-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Citrus jambhiri ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; bergapten ; furanocoumarins ; phototoxins ; plant-herbivore interactions ; psoralen ; ultraviolet-B radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Projected decreases in stratospheric ozone may result in increases in shortwave ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation at the earth's surface. Furanocoumarins, phototoxic compounds found inCitrus jambhiri foliage, increase in concentration when these plants are grown under enhanced UVB. Survivorship schedules ofTrichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillars reared on plants in the presence and absence of enhanced UVB regimes differ significantly; larvae develop more slowly in early life when reared on plants exposed to increased UVB. This same developmental pattern is observed whenT. ni larvae are reared on artificial diets amended with ecologically appropriate amounts of furanocoumarins. Thus, anthropogenically derived changes in stratospheric ozone and concomitant changes in UV light quality at the earth's surface may influence ecological interactions between insects and their host plants by altering secondary metabolism and hence foliage quality for herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059595
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defense of parsnip webworm against phototoxic furanocoumarins: Role of antioxidant enzymes (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2451-2460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parsnip webworm ; Depressaria pastinacella ; Lepidoptera ; Oecophoridae ; antioxidant enzymes ; superoxide dismutase ; catalase ; glutathione reductase ; furanocoumarins ; synergist ; detoxification ; defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The parsnip webworm,Depressaria pastinacella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), feeds on plants rich in furanocoumarins, phototoxic allomones. Final-instar larvae possess high levels of activities of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase), which detoxify oxygen radicals generated from the furanocoumarins of their host plants. When added to an artificial diet, three linear furanocoumarins (xanthotoxin, bergapten, imperatorin) do not increase levels of the antioxidant enzymes. However, on diets containing both xanthotoxin and piperonyl butoxide, a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, food utilization indices of the insect are reduced and superoxide dismutase activity is enhanced. These data suggest that cytochrome P-450s act as a primary detoxification system of ingested furanocoumarin, and antioxidant enzymes as a backup system to detoxify oxygen radicals generated by unmetabolized furanocoumarins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017468
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