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  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • SOLAR PHYSICS
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • 1990-1994  (429)
  • 1975-1979  (434)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and electrical and magnetic properties of Sr2-xNaxCuO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solutionsDedicated to Professor Rudolf Hoppe on his 70th Birthday (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 616 (1992), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mixed-valence copper(II,III) oxide ; solid solutions ; semiconducting behavior ; electronic structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Präparation sowie elektrische und magnetische Eigenschaften der festen Lösungen Sr2-xNaxCuO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)Die festen Lösungen Sr2-xNaxCuO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) mit Kupfer(II,III)-oxid wurden durch Feststoffreaktionen in Sauerstoffatmosphäre dargestellt. Alle diese festen Lösungen haben die Struktur von Sr2CuO3 (Raumgruppe Immm). Elektrische Leitfähigkeits- und EMK-Messungen zeigen Halbleiterverhalten im gesamten Bereich der Zusammensetzung. Die Elektronenstruktur des Sr2CuO3 wird mit der des La2CuO4 auf Basis eines ionisch-kovalenten Modells verglichen. Die Interpretation des Transportverhaltens deutet auf kleine Polaronen. Magnetische Suszeptibilitäts- und EPR-Messungen zeigen, daß die antiferromagnetische Ordnung des Sr2CuO3 abnimmt mit zunehmendem x. Die magnetischen Wechselwirkungen sind jedoch noch stark bei einer Kupferionen- Konzentration von x = 0,8.
    Notes: Mixed-valence copper(II/III) oxide solid solutions Sr2-xNaxCuO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been prepared by solid-state reactions in oxygen atmosphere. All solid solutions exhibit the structure of Sr2CuO3 (S.G. Immm). Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power measurements show a semiconducting behavior in the whole composition range. The electronic structure of Sr2CuO3 is compared with that of La2CuO4 on the basis of an iono-covalent model. Interpretation of transport properties suggests the formation of small polarons. Magnetic susceptibility and EPR measurements show that the antiferromagnetic ordering of Sr2CuO3 tends to vanish as x increases, however magnetic interactions are still strong for a concentration of Cu2+ ions corresponding to x = 0.8.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926161033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural investigations and luminescence of In2Ge2O7 and In2Si2O7Dedicated to Professor Heinrich Oppermann on his 60th Birthday (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1965-1970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Indium digermanate ; indium disilicate ; crystal structure ; indium luminescence ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Strukturuntersuchungen und Lumineszenz von In2Ge2O7 und In2Si2O7Eine Rietveld-Pulverdiagramm-Methode erlaubt die Bestimmung der genauen Strukturen von Thortveitit verwandten In2Ge2O7 und In2Si2O7 Oxyden (Raumgrupe C2/m, Z = 2). Die Verbindungen wurden unter normalem Druck hergestellt. Die Lumineszenz unter 160 und 200 K sollte die Messung der Umwelt Neutrinobestrahlung erlauben. Sie scheint die Folge eines inneren Ladungstransfers in den Indium Sauerstoff Polyedern zu sein. Die optischen Resultate wurden an Hand der bestimmten Strukturen und der chemischen Bindungen diskutiert und mit Werten für andere Indiumoxyde verglichen.
    Notes: The crystal structures of the ordinary pressure forms of indium digermanate In2Ge2O7 and disilicate In2Si2O7 have been studied from X-ray powder diffraction data by Rietveld refinement. They are closely related to that of the thortveitite which crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group C2/m and Z = 2. They show luminescence properties below 160 K and 200 K respectively. The luminescence is discussed in terms of crystal structure and compared to that of some other luminescent indium oxides.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19946201121
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  • 3
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    A spacecraft charging study on the SCEX 3 rocket (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Instruments on the SCEX 3 rocket payload were used to study charging during electron beam emissions. The data show that electrostatic analyzers can be used to measure vehicle charging and direct beam return currents in dense plasma conditions. The data also show return current dependencies on pitch angle, beam current and beam energy. It is found that if the proper care is taken, ESAs can be used to detect charging on vehicles in low altitude orbits which are contaminated with high levels of outgassing and in dense plasma regimes. These results are particularly important for the TSS-1 electrodynamic tether program where ESAs are being used to determine Shuttle charging levels during tether employment and to look for high fluxes of directly returning electrons during electron generator operations to balance the Shuttle charging.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); 38; 1622-162
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Energetic particles in solar flares. Chapter 4 in the proceedings of the 2nd Skylab Workshop on Solar Flares (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The recent direct observational evidence for the acceleration of particles in solar flares, i.e. radio emission, bremsstrahlung X-ray emission, gamma-ray line and continuum emission, as well as direct observations of energetic electrons and ions, are discussed and intercorrelated. At least two distinct phases of acceleration of solar particles exist that can be distinguished in terms of temporal behavior, type and energy of particles accelerated and the acceleration mechanism. Bulk energization seems the likely acceleration mechanism for the first phase while Fermi mechanism is a viable candidate for the second one.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79660 , Jan 01, 1976 - Dec 31, 1977; Boulder, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kooperative Wirkung in π1-Ligand-verbrückten Zweikernkomplexen, XIII. Unerwartet schwache d-d-Wechselwirkungen in synfacialen heterodinuklearen μ1-Cyclooctatetraenkomplexen vom Typ {(CpCr)[(CO)3M′]}μ1-Cot (M′=Fe, Cr, W) (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 553-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Heterodinuclear cyclooctatetraene complexes ; Paramagnetism ; ESR of electron spin doublet and of electron spin quartet ; Redox properties ; d-d Interactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cooperative Effects in π1-Ligand-Bridged Dinuclear Complexes, XIII[1]. - Unexpected Weak d-d Interactions in Synfacial Heterodinuclear μ1-Cyclooctatetraene Complexes of the Type {(CpCr)[(CO)3M′]}μ1-Cot (M′=Fe, Cr, W)The heterodinuclear complexes {(CpCr)[(CO)3M′]}μ1-Cot (Cot=C8H8; M′=Fe, Cr, W) (5 - 7) and {(Cp*Cr)[(CO)3Cr]}μ1-Cot (Cp*=C5Me5) (9) are synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding mononuclear Cot complexes CpCr(η61-Cot) (4) and Cp*Cr(η61-Cot) (8), respectively, with M′(CO)3(EtCN)3 (M′=Cr, W) and with Fe2(CO)9. The CrFe compound 5 is obtained in very low yield only. However, much better yields of 5 are achieved in the reaction of CrCl2 and CrCp2 with (CO)3Fe(η41-Cot) (10) in the presence of an excess of Zn. X-ray structure determinations of 5 and 6 reveal synfacial configurations of the CpCr and M′(CO)3 units with a μ1-η5:3- and μ1-η4:51-Cot bonding mode for 5 and 6, respectively. The metal - metal distances are 2.9369(13) Å for 5 and 2.81(2) Å for 6 indicating metal - metal single bonds. 5 contains 33 valence electrons (ve) and is paramagnetic with one unpaired electron. A well-resolved fluid-solution ESR spectrum of 5 shows a 53Cr and 1H hyperfine structure (hfs). The 1H hfs can be calculated with three different 1H hyperfine coupling constants (1H hfcc) indicative of protons in α1-position with respect to the paramagnetic metal center: one 1H hfcc of the five Cp protons (1.68 G), one of three (3.32 G) and one of two protons of the Cot ligand (5.04 G). This agrees with the Cot bonding mode of the CpCr unit in the crystalline phase. The ratio of 3:2 protons for the Cot ligand prove the rigidity of the Cot ligand on the ESR time scale. The excellent agreement of the ESR data of the liquid and frozen solution ESR spectra of 5 with the ESR data of the mononuclear complex CpCr(η61-Cot) leads to the conclusion that the unpaired electron in 5 must predominantly be chromium-centered. 6, 7, and 9 have 31 ve and are paramagnetic with three unpaired electrons as shown by means of ESR spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The calculations of the quartet ESR spectra of 6, 7, and 9 reveal zero-field splitting parameters D ranging from 3.6 to 4.8 cm-1 which are similar to that of the mononuclear quartet compound vanadocene. The small range in the parameters D prove the minor influence of the second metal on going from Cr to W. Hence, the three unpaired electrons are assumed to be mainly localized on the Cr center of the CpCr unit. Cyclic voltammetry studies result in the redoxcascade - 2 ⇄ - 1 ⇄ 0 ⇄ + 1 for 5 and 7 at +20°C and for 6 at -35°C. However, at +20°C 6 and 9 only show one electrochemically reversible reduction wave 0/-1, whereas the oxidation 0/+1 and the second reduction -1/-2 are irreversible. The redox potentials indicate a considerable influence of the metal combinations. On the strength of the ESR spectroscopic results and according to the results of crystal structure determinations, an isolobal relationship is drawn between the (CO)3M′(η8 - ×1-Cot) fragment and a cyclic organic π1-ligand with the hapticity × + 1.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19931260302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionsverhalten von Phosphorpentahalogeniden mit Übergangsmetallcarbonyl-Verbindungen. IV [1 - 3]. Das Reaktionsverhalten von Phosphorpentahalogeniden gegenüber [CpM(CO)3]2 (M = Cr, Mo, W) Die Kristallstruktur von CpCrCl2CH3CN (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 591 (1990), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Phosphorus Pentahalides with Transition Metal Carbonyls. IV. Reactivity of Phosphorus Pentahalides with [CpM(CO)3]2 (M = Cr, Mo, W). Crystal Structure of CpCrCl2CH3CNPX5 (X = Cl, Br) reacts with cyclopentadienyl complexes of the type [CpM(CO)3]2 (M = Cr, Mo, W) at room temperature in high yields to give complexes CpCrX2CH3CN and CpMX4CH3CN (X = Cl, Br; M = Mo, W), respectively. The complexes were characterized by IR and ESR spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. CpCrCl2CH3CN crystallizes in the space group P21/c as a monomer with distorted tetrahedral geometry at chromium. The Cp ring is disordered.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von PX5 mit Cyclopentadienylderivaten des Typs [CpM(CO)3]2 (M = Cr, Mo, W; Cp = η5-C5H5) führt bei Raumtemperatur in hohen Ausbeuten zu den Halogeno-Komplexen CpCrX2CH3CN bzw. CpMX4CH3CN (X = Cl, Br; M = Mo, W). Die erhaltenen Derivate werden anhand der IR- und ESR-Spektroskopie, sowie der Messung magnetischer Daten charakterisiert. CpCrCl2CH3CN kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/c als Monomer mit verzerrter tetraedrischer Geometrie am Chrom. Der Cp-Ring ist ungeordnet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19905910127
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and magnetic structures of the layer Compound TlMnF4 (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 609 (1992), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Thallium tetrafluoromanganate(III), TlMnF4 ; crystal structure ; magnetic structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kristall- und magnetische Struktur von TlMnF4, einer Verbindung mit SchichtstrukturDie Kristallstruktur und die magnetischen Eigenschaften des Fluoromanganates(III) TlMnF4 wurden untersucht. Die Struktur wurde in der monoklinen Raumgruppe I2/a, Elementarzelle mit a = 539,7(2); b = 544,1(2); c = 1248,4(5) pm, β = 90,19(3)° (Z = 4) auf R/wR 0,057/0,043 verfeinert. TlMnF4 zeigt eine Schichtstruktur, die durch Eckenverknüpfung von MnF6-Oktaedern über ihre vier äquatorialen Ecken gebildet wird. Die Mn—F-Abstände innerhalb des Oktaeders liegen im Bereich von 178 bis 215 pm. Die magnetische Austauschenergie (J/K) innerhalb der Schicht wurde durch Anpassung der experimentellen Suszeptibilitätsdaten im Temperaturbereich von 10-300 K auf der Basis des Heisenbergmodells für quadratische Schichten zu -0,45 K bestimmt. Dreidimensionale antiferromagnetische Ordnung tritt bei 4,2(5) K ein. Die magnetische Zelle entspricht der kristallographischen, jedoch mit primitivem Translationsgitter. Die magnetische Struktur wurde auf R = 0,058 in der magnetischen Raumgruppen P2′/a′ verfeinert. Die magnetischen Momente an MnIII sind colinear zur b-Achse und zeigen antiparallele Ordnung innerhalb der Schichten.
    Notes: The crystal structure and the magnetic properties of the fluoromanganate(III) TlMnF4 have been investigated. The structure has been refined down to R/wR of 0.057/0.043 in the monoclinic I2/a space group with the unit cell constants a = 539.7(2) pm; b = 544.1(2) pm; c = 1248.4(5) pm; β = 90.19(3)° (Z = 4). TlMnF4 is characterized by a layer structure formed of MnF6 octahedra sharing their four equatorial corners. Within each octahedron the Mn—F distances range from 178 pm to 215 pm. The intralayer magnetic interaction (J/K) has been evaluated to be approximately -0.45 K by fitting the experimental susceptibility in the 10-300 K range using the quadratic layer Heisenberg model. A 3 D-antiferromagnetic ordering occurs at Tn = 4.2(5) K. The magnetic cell corresponding to the nuclear one but with a primitive symmetry. The magnetic structure has been refined down to R = 0.0528 in the P2′/a′ magnetic group. The MnIII moments are colinear to the b-axis and show antiparallel ordering within the layers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926090314
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper Weberites: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Investigation of Na2CuGaF7 and Na2CuInF7 (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Copper weberites, Na2CuGaF7, Na2CuInF7 ; crystal structure ; magnetic investigation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kupferweberite: Kristallstruktur und magnetische Untersuchung von Na2CuGaF7 und Na2CuInF7Die Kristallstruktur von zwei neuen Kupferweberiten Na2CuGaF7 und Na2CuInF7 wurde bestimmt. Na2CuGaF7: monokline Raumgruppe C2/c; a = 1232,5(5), b = 731,8(1), c = 1278,0(5) pm, β = 109,29(2)°, Z = 8. Na2CuInF7: orthorhombische Raumgruppe Pmnb; a = 731,8(1) pm, b = 1060,2(2) pm, c = 771,2(1) pm Z = 4. Die Strukturen wurden verfeinert mit 1175 Reflexen bis zu R = 0,043 (wR = 0,035) für Na2CuGaF7 und mit 1917 Reflexen bis zu R = 0,034 (wR = 0,025) für Na2CuInF7. Die Strukturen bestehen aus [CuF5]n3n--Ketten, die im Na2CuInF7 parallel zur a-Achse orientiert sind und in zwei alternierenden Richtungen im Na2CuGaF7. Die Natriumatome besitzen entweder siebenfache oder achtfache Koordination. Obwohl starke antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkungen innerhalb der Ketten beobachtet werden, gibt es keine Hinweise auf eine dreidimensionale Ordnung.
    Notes: The crystal structures of two new copper weberites Na2CuGaF7 and Na2CuInF7 have been determined. Na2CuGaF7 has the monoclinic space group C2/c: a = 1232.5(5) pm, b = 731.8(1) pm, c = 1278.0(5) pm, β = 109.29(2)° and Z = 8. Na2CuInF7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmnb: a = 731.8(1) pm, b = 1060.2(2) pm, c = 771.2(1) pm and Z = 4. The structures have been refined from 1175 reflections to R = 0.043 (wR = 0.035) for Na2CuGaF7, and from 1917 reflections to R = 0.034 (wR = 0.025) for Na2CuInF7. The structures consist of [CuF5]n3n- chains which are parallel the a-axis in Na2CuInF7 and oriented in two alternating directions in Na2CuGaF7. Sodium atoms exhibit either seven-fold or eight-fold coordination. Although strong antiferromagnetic interactions are observed inside the chains, there is no evidence for three-dimensional ordering.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926100112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooperative Effects in π-Ligand Bridged Dinuclear Complexes. XII [1]. Heterodinuclear Electron Poor μ-Cyclooctatetraene Complexes with CrFe-and CrCo-Combinations (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 611 (1992), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Heterodinuclear Cyclooctatetraene Complexes ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; ESR Spectrum ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kooperative Wirkung in π-Ligand-verbrückten Zweikernkomplexen. XII. Gemischtkernige elektronenarme μ-Cyclooctatetraen-Zweikernkomplexe mit CrFe-und CrCo-KombinationenDie synfacialen gemischtkernigen μ-Cot-Zweikernkomplexe [(CpCr)(CpM)]μ-Cot (M = Fe, 3; M = Co, 4) (Cp = Cyclopentadienyl; Cot = Cyclooctatetraen) werden in thermischen Reaktionen aus der einkernigen Sandwichverbindung CpCr(n6-Cot) und CpMLn [M = Fe, Ln = Benzol (Bz); M = Co, Ln = (C2H4)2] gebildet. 3 besitzt zwei ungepaarte Elektronen, während 4 mit nur einem ungepaarten Elektron SSR-ak-tiv ist. Aufgrund der Molekülstruktur von 3 und den ESR-Daten von 4 kann gefolgert werden, daß die ungepaarten Elektronen dieser Produkte hauptsächlich auf den Cr-Zentren lokalisiert sind. Daraus ergibt sich eine enge elektronische Verwandtschaft zwischen den hetero-dinuklearen Verbindungen 3 und 4 und den einkernigen Sandwichverbindungen Chromocen beziehungsweise CpCrBz.
    Notes: The synfacial heterodinuclear μ-Cot complexes (Cot = cyclooctatetraene) [(CpCr) (CpM)]μ-Cot (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; M = Fe, 3; M = Co, 4) are formed in a thermal reaction of the mononuclear mixed sandwich compound CpCr(n6-Cot) and CpMLn [M = Fe, Ln = benzene (Bz); M = Co, Ln = (C2H4)2]. 3 possesses two unpaired electrons whereas 4 has only one unpaired electron and is ESR active. From the molecular structure of 3 and from the ESR data of 4 it can be deduced that the unpaired electrons are localized at the Cr centers predominantly forcing a close electronical relation between the heterodinuclear compounds 3 and 4 and the mononuclear sandwich complexes chromocene and CpCrBz, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926110506
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of highly densified YBa2Cu3O7-δ Ceramics used for electrochemical oxidation (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 608 (1992), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: YBaCuO ceramics ; densification process ; superconducting copper oxide ; electrochemical oxidation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Präparation und Charakterisierung von hochverdichteter YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Keramik für elektrochemische OxidationUm hochverdichtete YBa2Cu3O7-δ -Keramik zu erhalten, wurde eine geeignete Methode - “Vacuum-Oxygen-Cycle” (V.O.C.) - angewandt. Die erhaltenen Materialien zeigen eine homogene Sauerstoffverteilung und ihre Eigenschaften werden durch physikalische Messungen bestimmt. Erste elektrochemische Versuche wurden durchgeführt und diese Behandlung schient ihre Supraleitungseigenschaften zu verbessern.
    Notes: An appropriate treatment called “Vacuum-Oxygen Cycle” (V.O.C.) has been carried out in order to obtain highly densified YBa2Cu3O7-δceramics. The obtained materials exhibit a homogeneous oxygen distribution and their feature have been characterized using relevant physical measurements. Preliminary electrochemical experiments have been performed and this treatment seems to improve their superconducting properties.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926080223
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