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  • Humans  (403)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (399)
  • 1990-1994  (374)
  • 1975-1979  (428)
  • 1
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    Stimulation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 membrane association by epidermal growth factor (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells elicited a redistribution of phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) from a predominantly cytosolic localization to membrane fractions. The temporal coincidence of this redistribution with EGF stimulation of inositol phosphate formation and EGF increased phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 suggests that the membrane association of PLC-gamma 1 is a significant event in second messenger transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Todderud, G -- Wahl, M I -- Rhee, S G -- Carpenter, G -- CA24071/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM07347/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AM07491/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):296-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2374928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/enzymology ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Phosphopeptides/isolation & purification ; Protein Binding ; Trypsin ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Regulation of phagocyte oxygen radical production by the GTP-binding protein Rac 2 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-06
    Description: A major action of the microbicidal system of human neutrophils is the formation of superoxide anion (O2-) by a multicomponent oxidase that transfers electrons from the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to molecular oxygen. The mechanism of assembly and activation of the oxidase from its cytosolic and membrane-bound components is unknown, but may require the activity of a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding component. A cytosolic GTP-binding protein (Gox) that regulates the NADPH oxidase of neutrophils was identified. Gox was purified and shown to augment the rate of O2- production in a cell-free oxidase activation system. Sequence analysis of peptide fragments from Gox identified it as Rac 2, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins. Antibody to a peptide derived from the COOH-terminus of Rac 2 inhibited O2- generation in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that Rac 2 is a regulatory component of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase, and provide new insights into the mechanism by which this oxygen radical-generating system is regulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knaus, U G -- Heyworth, P G -- Evans, T -- Curnutte, J T -- Bokoch, G M -- AI24838/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM39434/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL48008/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 6;254(5037):1512-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Free Radicals ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; *Respiratory Burst ; Superoxides/metabolism ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Cloning of B7-2: a CTLA-4 counter-receptor that costimulates human T cell proliferation (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Crystal structure of domains 3 and 4 of rat CD4: relation to the NH2-terminal domains (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: The CD4 antigen is a membrane glycoprotein of T lymphocytes that interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and is also a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. the extracellular portion of CD4 is predicted to fold into four immunoglobulin-like domains. The crystal structure of the third and fourth domains of rat CD4 was solved at 2.8 angstrom resolution and shows that both domains have immunoglobulin folds. Domain 3, however, lacks the disulfide between the beta sheets; this results in an expansion of the domain. There is a difference of 30 degrees in the orientation between domains 3 and 4 when compared with domains 1 and 2. The two CD4 fragment structures provide a basis from which models of the overall receptor can be proposed. These models suggest an extended structure comprising two rigid portions joined by a short and possibly flexible linker region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, R L -- Dodson, E J -- Dodson, G G -- Lange, G -- Davis, S J -- Williams, A F -- Barclay, A N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):979-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of York, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*chemistry ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats ; Sequence Alignment ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Prevention of T cell anergy by signaling through the gamma c chain of the IL-2 receptor (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: When stimulated through their antigen receptor without requisite costimulation, T cells enter a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness termed anergy. In this study, signaling through the common gamma chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-7 receptors in the presence of antigen was found to be sufficient to prevent the induction of anergy. After culture with IL-2, IL-4, or IL-7, Jak3 kinase was tyrosine-phosphorylated, which correlated with the prevention of anergy. Therefore, a signal through the common gamma chain may regulate the decision of T cells to either clonally expand or enter a state of anergy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boussiotis, V A -- Barber, D L -- Nakarai, T -- Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Bernstein, G M -- D'Andrea, A D -- Ritz, J -- Nadler, L M -- AI 35225/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1039-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Clonal Anergy/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; HLA-DR7 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; Interleukins/immunology ; Janus Kinase 3 ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The psychophysical function: harmonizing Fechner and Stevens (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: The methods of Fechner and Stevens for assessing sensation quantity usually yield different psychophysical functions even when all other factors are controlled. In this experiment, corresponding differences occurred when different features of the same sensory receptor signals were analyzed. In the visual system, the receptor potential saturated if the peak but not the area was measured; these results match visual psychophysical functions obtained with the methods of Fechner and Stevens, respectively. This result suggests that both methods are equally valid but that each method yields the particular psychophysical function appropriate for a particular kind of information processing. A novel factor in determining sensation quantity, namely the time used by the observer to make a judgment, is implicated by the data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasserman, G S -- Felsten, G -- Easland, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):85-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Evoked Potentials ; Horseshoe Crabs ; Humans ; Light ; Models, Neurological ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Advances in direct oxidation methanol fuel cells (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-14
    Description: Fuel cells that can operate directly on fuels such as methanol are attractive for low to medium power applications in view of their low weight and volume relative to other power sources. A liquid feed direct methanol fuel cell has been developed based on a proton exchange membrane electrolyte and Pt/Ru and Pt catalyzed fuel and air/O2 electrodes, respectively. The cell has been shown to deliver significant power outputs at temperatures of 60 to 90 C. The cell voltage is near 0.5 V at 300 mA/cm(exp 2) current density and an operating temperature of 90 C. A deterrent to performance appears to be methanol crossover through the membrane to the oxygen electrode. Further improvements in performance appear possible by minimizing the methanol crossover rate.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Space Electrochemical Research and Technology; p 181-191
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Evaluation available encapsulation materials for low-cost long-life silicon photovoltaic arrays (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental evaluation of selected encapsulation designs and materials based on an earlier study which have potential for use in low cost, long-life photovoltaic arrays are reported. The performance of candidate materials and encapsulated cells were evaluated principally for three types of encapsulation designs based on their potentially low materials and processing costs: (1) polymeric coatings, transparent conformal coatings over the cell with a structural-support substrate; (2) polymeric film lamination, cells laminated between two films or sheets of polymeric materials; and (3) glass-covered systems, cells adhesively bonded to a glass cover (superstrate) with a polymeric pottant and a glass or other substrate material. Several other design types, including those utilizing polymer sheet and pottant materials, were also included in the investigation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-157758 , DOE/JPL-954328-78/2
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Interdisciplinary study of atmospheric processes and constituents of the mid-Atlantic coastal region. Attachment 3: Data set for Craney Island oil refinery installation experiment (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Data tables and maps are presented which include background information and experimental data on the Craney Island oil refinery installation experiment. The experiment was to investigate air pollution effects.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-142823
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  • 10
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    Measurement techniques and instruments suitable for life-prediction testing of photovoltaic arrays (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Array failure modes, relevant materials property changes, and primary degradation mechanisms are discussed as a prerequisite to identifying suitable measurement techniques and instruments. Candidate techniques and instruments are identified on the basis of extensive reviews of published and unpublished information. These methods are organized in six measurement categories - chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, mechanical, and other physicals. Using specified evaluation criteria, the most promising techniques and instruments for use in life prediction tests of arrays were selected.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-157084 , DOE/JPL-954328-78/1
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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