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  • Depressaria pastinacella  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of nonhost phototoxins to parsnip webworms(Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: phototoxicity ; harmane ; harmine ; harmalol ; alpha-terthienyl ; skimmianine ; Lepidoptera ; Oecophoridae ; Depressaria pastinacella ; parsnip webworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The parsnip webworm,Depressaria pastinacella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), feeds exclusively on apiaceous hostplants containing furanocoumarins, compounds capable of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independend photosensitization. Despite high titers of antioxidant enzymes relative to other herbivorous insects, webworms cannot tolerate nonhost photosensitizers such as alpha-terthienyl or beta-carboline alkaloids at dietary concentrations of 0.01% or less. Tolerance of skimmianine, a furano-quinoline alkaloid, may be due to its structural resemblance to furanocoumarins, which are metabolized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241647
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parthenocarpic fruits in wild parsnip: Decoy defence against a specialist herbivore (1991)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 5 (1991), S. 136-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Parthenocarpy ; fruits ; defence ; wild parsnip ; Pastinaca sativa ; parsnip webworm ; Depressaria pastinacella ; furanocoumarins ; decoys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Parthenocarpy, the production of fruits without viable seeds, is a widespread phenomenon in plants. While failure to effect pollination or fertilization is often cited as the cause of parthenocarpy, this explanation alone is inadequate to explain why plants produce, maintain and further develop fruits. Wild parsnips (Pastinaca sativa) frequently produce parthenocarpic fruit. When parsnip webworms (Depressaria pastinacella), specialist feeders on wild parsnip, were given choices between normal fruit and parthenocarpic fruit, they exhibited a strong preference for parthenocarpic fruit. However, on parthenocarpic fruit, insects fed less efficiently and grew more slowly than insects fed normal fruit. Parthenocarpic fruits, then, may act as decoys that divert herbivores away from fruits that contain plant offspring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270830
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defense of parsnip webworm against phototoxic furanocoumarins: Role of antioxidant enzymes (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2451-2460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parsnip webworm ; Depressaria pastinacella ; Lepidoptera ; Oecophoridae ; antioxidant enzymes ; superoxide dismutase ; catalase ; glutathione reductase ; furanocoumarins ; synergist ; detoxification ; defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The parsnip webworm,Depressaria pastinacella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), feeds on plants rich in furanocoumarins, phototoxic allomones. Final-instar larvae possess high levels of activities of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase), which detoxify oxygen radicals generated from the furanocoumarins of their host plants. When added to an artificial diet, three linear furanocoumarins (xanthotoxin, bergapten, imperatorin) do not increase levels of the antioxidant enzymes. However, on diets containing both xanthotoxin and piperonyl butoxide, a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, food utilization indices of the insect are reduced and superoxide dismutase activity is enhanced. These data suggest that cytochrome P-450s act as a primary detoxification system of ingested furanocoumarin, and antioxidant enzymes as a backup system to detoxify oxygen radicals generated by unmetabolized furanocoumarins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017468
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