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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of forest fire and drought on acidity of a base-poor boreal forest stream: similarities between climatic warming and acidic precipitation (1992)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (1992), S. 191-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: fire ; climate change ; boreal forest ; stream ; sulfate ; acidity ; watershed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a boreal forest catchment in the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, wildfire caused an increase in the concentrations of strong acid anions and base cations of the stream. In the naturally base-poor Northwest (NW) Subbasin, a 1980 wildfire caused exports of strong acid anions to increase more than export of base cations, causing a 2.5 fold increase in the acidity of the stream. Mean annual stream pH declined from 5.15 prior to fire to 4.76 two years after fire. Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), calculated as the difference between total base cations and strong acid anions, decreased to 20% of pre-fire values. Sulfate and chloride were the strong acid anions responsible for the decline in ANC, increasing four-fold. While nitrate increased eleven-fold, concentrations were too low to significantly affect ANC. There was a significant correlation between weekly sulfate concentration and base cation concentration (r 2 = 0.83) in the two years after fire. Recovery of ANC was caused by the more rapid decline in concentration of sulfate than by changes in base cations. Drought produced a similar but weaker response than fire, with increased sulfate concentrations and decreased stream pH. Climatic warming that increases drought and fire frequency would have effects that mimic the impacts of acidic precipitation (i.e. higher sulfate concentrations and acidic stream waters). Areas which have higher concentrations of stored S from past acid precipitation or have large areas of peatlands in the watershed may have aggravated losses of S and H+ after drought and fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophylla and adenosine triphosphate levels in Antarctic and temperate lake sediments (1983)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 9 (1983), S. 123-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from surficial sediment layers in two antarctic lakes and two temperate lakes showed a high degree of similarity in spite of differences between trophic state, mictic state, or geographic location. Adenosine triphosphate was found at all levels sampled in temperate lake sediment cores but occasionally was present only in surficial layers of antarctic cores. Surficial sediment layers from antarctic lakes contained high chlorophylla (Chla) levels due to the extensive benthic algal mats which occur there. In some antarctic cores, Chla was detectable in deep, old mat layers, whereas Chla was not found in any of the temperate lake cores. Antarctic lake sediments appear to be unique environments where Chla molecules can remain intact for long periods of time due to low light, temperature, and microbial activity. As such, these lakes are important natural laboratories where a long history of microbial interactions can be studied without metazoan perturbation effects. Although there was much variability in concentration of Chla and ATP between samples, there appears to be no relationship between Chla or ATP levels to mictic or trophic states of the lakes. These data suggest that sediment microbial communities may be independent of environmental and biological properties of the overlying water masses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structures of fully eutectic aluminium-silicon alloy castings (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2100-2106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Strontium-modified aluminium alloys containing 14 to 15 wt% silicon were cast with fully eutectic structures by using heated moulds and high-purity materials. In alloys containing the additional elements magnesium, copper or nickel, a distinct eutectic colony structure was evident outlined by intermetallic compounds. At the edges of the castings the eutectic colony structures and the aluminium grains (revealed by anodizing) were of a similar scale. Further from the mould walls the eutectic colonies contained several aluminium grains. This is believed to result from the blocking of growth of the aluminium phase by the silicon phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045772
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of irradiated pollen for differential gene transfer in wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pollen irradiation ; Wheat ; Differential gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. Doses of X-rays of 2Kr, 3Kr and 5Kr were used to generate M1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. Cytological studies of M1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. These effects resulted in phenotypic variation between M1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosis. All M1 plants at the 5Kr and 3Kr doses were sterile and all but 2 plants at the 2Kr dose. Studies of the two M2 families from these plants revealed disturbances in genotype frequencies for some of the marker loci with an excess of maternal homozygotes and a deficit of paternal homozygotes. This was also reflected in a more maternal appearance for quantitative characters. These results are interpreted as showing that irradiation damage to the paternal genome in M1 plants results in the differential transmission of maternal alleles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264875
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location of major genes and associated quantitative trait loci on chromosome arm 5BL of wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Chromosome 5BL ; Major genes ; Quantitative trait loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromosome 5B of bread wheat is known to carry two major genes giving rise to genetic disorders, Ne1 for hybrid necrosis and Vg for winter variegation. Additionally, in many european winter wheat varieties this chromosome is represented in a translocated form, with 5BL-7BL, 5BL-7BS chromosomes rather than the normal 5B and 7B forms of the standard variety Chinese Spring. Genetic analysis has been carried out to map these genes and the translocation break point, and to investigate their pleiotropic effects or those of linked quantitative trait loci (qtl) for economically important characters. This was facilitated by the development of single chromosome recombinant lines between a normal and translocated karyotype, and growing these in field experiments over two seasons. There was differential segregation in favour of the translocated karyotype in the population of recombinant lines. Linkage analysis revealed that the two morphological markers and the isozyme locus Ibf-B1 were located on the long arm of 5B with a gene order of: breakpoint — Ne1 — Vg — Ibf-B1. Analysis of quantitative characters using these genes as landmarks showed pleiotropic effects of Ne1 or effects of tightly linked qtl on most of the quantitative characters related to grain yield. An additional qtl determining spikelet and grain number/ear appeared to be linked to the centromere. Effects on ear emergence time were associated with both Ne1 and Vg, and these interacted with environments. Similarly, effects on plant height were associated with Ne1 and Vg. In addition, there was a further unlocated locus (loci) for height acting independently of the markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222860
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural and man-caused factors affecting the abundance and cycling of dissolved organic substances in precambrian shield lakes (1992)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 229 (1992), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of natural factors (drought and forest fire), and experimental perturbations (fertilization and acidification) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and ratios to other nutrients in lakes of the Experimental Lakes Area are examined using data obtained over a period of 20 years. DOC concentration, and the ratio of dissolved iron to DOC in lakes of the area were strongly correlated with the relative size of the catchment to the lake. DOC in many lakes of the area declined over 20 years, due to increased water residence times caused by increasing average temperature and decreasing precipitation. Inexplicably, Lake 382 was an exception to this general observation. Acidification of Lake 302S to below pH 5.0 also caused DOC to decrease. The lesser acidification of Lake 223 (min. pH 5.0) did not significantly affect DOC. Experimental acidification of a small peatland also caused a temporary decline in DOC concentrations in bog pools. Changes in DOC appear to affect the availability of mercury for methylation. Addition of aluminum to a small acidic lake caused a two-fold decline in DOC. Fertilization of Lake 227 caused a considerable increase in DOC, and in ratios of DOC to other carbon fractions. New stable ratios did not occur for a decade after fertilization began. Lake 226N, fertilized at a lower rate, showed similar but less pronounced increases in DOC, but the experiment was terminated after only eight years. Phosphorus fertilization caused a dramatic increase in the lability of the DOC pool in Lake 226N, where the autochthonous carbon pool was labelled with DI14C. A large increase in autochthonous production of DOC and increased microbial utilization of allochthonous DOC appear to have occurred. DOC concentrations in streams were higher after drought, but concentrations were unrelated to flow volume during wet periods. Due to lower streamflows in drought years, annual yields of DOC from streams were unaffected by drought. Mesocosm experiments showed that DOC's primary effect on iron is to inhibit sedimentation, possibly by suppressing flocculation reactions that are known to control the cycles of many metals. The changes in DOC in lakes brought about by changes in water renewal, acidification, or other perturbations can have major effects on the cycles of metals, lake transparency, and phytoplankton production and standing crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006987
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microfauna of algal mats and artificial substrates in Southern Victoria Land lakes of Antarctica (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 85 (1981), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: algal mats ; Antarctica ; artificial substrates ; protozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The first microfaunal colonization study of continental lakes in Antarctica is reported. In addition to the general taxonomic composition of six Antarctic lakes, detailed community composition analyses of two adjacent lakes, Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare, using polyurethane foam artificial substrates suspended in the open water and placed directly over benthic algal mats are also presented. Protozoans, rotifers, tardigrades and nematodes constituted the microfaunal community in all lakes. Higher metazoans do not occur in lakes that we studied. Protozoans were the most diverse of the four groups, and the first dinoflagellates reported from southern Victoria Land, Gymnodinium and Glenodinium, were collected from Lake Fryxell. The greatest number of protozoan taxa (55) were associated with the algal mats in the more productive Lake Fryxell. Both the physical and chemical properties and taxonomic diversity showed marked variability between all lakes that were studied, especially the adjacent lakes, Fryxell and Hoare. Ecological variables which regulate taxonomic diversity in other lakes of the world also appear to exert similar influences in remote Antarctic lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011340
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The composition of insoluble intermetallic phases in aluminium alloy 6010 (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1343-1348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Insoluble intermetallic particles have been extracted from the complex Al (Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe) alloy (designated 6010) using an extraction solution containing 8-hydroxyquinoline. The extracted particles were analysed using both X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive analysis techniques in the transmission electron microscope. The particles were found to be the cubic α-Al(Fe Mn)Si phase. Analysis showed two distinct compositions for the phase: larger particles (〉0.5μm) had a much higher iron content and lower silicon content than smaller particles. The absorption of other solute elements into these particles during an ageing treatment was noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033850
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution and variability of the ITCZ in the SW Indian Ocean: 1988–90 (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 48 (1994), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The structure and variability of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the SW Indian Ocean in the austral summer is investigated. The ITCZ is identified by satellite microwave (SSMI) precipitable water (PW) values 〉 5 g cm−2, minimum outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) values 〈 220 W m−2 and the pattern of convergence in the low level (850 hPa) winds. According to OLR climatology, the ITCZ lies over 15°S latitude to the west of Madagascar (40–50°E), but near 10°S to the east of 60°E. Inter-annual and intra-seasonal variability is induced by the interaction of the convective NW monsoon and subsident easterly trades. Symptoms of the structure and variability are presented using tropical cyclone (TC) tracks, axes of PW exceedences and OLR, 850hPa wind and PW fields in the period 1988–1990. The shape and intensity of the ITCZ is modulated by the strength of the NW monsoon off east Africa and by standing vortices in the SW Indian Ocean. The topography of Madagascar imparts a distinctive break in convective characteristics, and distinguishes the SE African ITCZ from its maritime counterpart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867048
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasitoids in low-level populations ofLymantria dispar [Lep.: Lymantriidae] in different forest physiographic zones (1993)
    Springer
    BioControl 38 (1993), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Insecta ; gypsy moth ; parasitism ; low-level host populations ; Compsilura concinnata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude a été menée pendant 2 ans sur la distribution des parasitoïdes deLymantria dispar (L.) dans une forêt du Vermont, dans la zone mésique, dans la zone de transition adjacente d'altitude plus élevée et dans la zone xérique. Dans chaque habitat, le parasitisme varie de 12 à 18% au cours des 2 années. Quand l'analyse est faite en fonction du stade de développement auquel l'hôte est récolté, les taux de parasitisme de plus de 40% sont observés sur les stades les plus âgés.Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy) etPhobocampe disparis (Viereck) sont obtenus plus fréquemment dans l'habitat mésique alors queCotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) etBlepharipa pratensis (= Sturmia scutellata) (Meigen) sont mieux représentés dans les récoltes provenant des zones xériques. Le parasitisme parCompsilura concinnata (Meigen) atteint des niveaux similaires dans les 3 habitats, cette espèce étant responsable des plus forts taux de parasitisme, qui s'élevait jusqu'à 40% dans les derniers stades en 1985. Le taux de parasitisme dû àC. concinnata a augmenté 3 à 4 fois de 1984 à 1985, alors que le parasitisme par les autres espèces diminuait.
    Notes: Abstract A 2-year study was conducted on the distribution of parasitoids of gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lep.: Lymantriidae), in mesic and adjacent higher elevation transition and xeric forest habitats in Vermont (U.S.A.). In both years, overall parasitism ranged from 12–18% in each habitat. When analyzed according to the life stage at which the host was collected, parasitism rates of greater than 40% were obtained among the late instars.Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy) andPhobocampe disparis (Viereck) were recovered most commonly from the mesic habitat, andCotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) andBlepharipa pratensis (= Sturmia scutellata) (Meigen) were most common in collections from the xeric area. Parasitism byCompsilura concinnata (Meigen) occurred at similar levels in all three habitats, and this species was responsible for the highest parasitism rates on the site, reaching 40% among the late instars in 1985. Percent parasitism byC. concinnata increased three-four-fold from 1984 to 1985, while parasitism by other species declined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373135
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