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  • Artikel  (11)
  • Beta vulgaris  (8)
  • Gonadotrops  (3)
  • 42.75
  • Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
  • Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
  • Springer  (11)
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  • Artikel  (11)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 377-388 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gonadotrops ; Gonadotropin secretion ; Steroids ; Brain-pituitary-gonadal axis ; Juvenile teleost
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a cytophysiological study it was investigated whether in juvenile trout gonadal steroids stimulate the gonadotropic (GTH)-cells directly or indirectly via the brain. Pituitaries of donor animals were transplanted into the caudal musculature of testosterone-treated and non-testosterone-treated host fish. Testosterone treatment caused an increase in GTH-content in the in situ pituitaries and in the grafts. Accordingly, the gonadotrops displayed ultrastructural changes such as the appearance of well-developed Golgi systems and large globules. The stimulation of the morphological development of gonadotrops and of synthesis and storage of GTH in the allografted pituitaries indicates that testosterone affects the GTH-cells directly. In untreated juvenile trout the gonadotropin content of the pituitary and the gonadotropin concentration in the plasma vary with the time of year. This variation and the role of testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the release of GTH are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Beta vulgaris ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; mtDNA ; Restriction fragment patterns ; Filter hybridization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mitochondrial (mt) DNA from eight cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) lines of sugar beet from different breeding stations was investigated by restriction fragment analysis and Southern hybridization. All cms lines showed similar but not identical restriction and hybridization signal patterns, readily distinguishable from those of fertile (N) cytoplasm. Digestion of the mtDNA with BamHI, EcoRI, SalI, and XhoI revealed distinct differences between the sterile lines, and six subtypes of the S cytoplasm could be distinguished. Differences between the sterile lines were confirmed by hybridization with a $$\overline{\overline {COX}} II$$ gene probe revealing minor, line-specific hybridization signals. The data presented provide evidence for the existence of considerable variation within the only commercially used source of cms in the sugar beet, the Owen's type of cytoplasm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Beta vulgaris ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; mtDNA probes ; Miniassays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Methods are described whereby hybridization of mitochondrial (mt) DNA with different DNA probes can definitely distinguish male-fertile and and male-sterile (cms) cytoplasms of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. We have developed two types of miniassays. (1) Comparative methods requiring the isolation and restriction of total cellular DNA, hybridization with cloned mtDNA fragments from either fertile or male-sterile cytoplasms, and comparison of the hybridization patterns to the fertile-and sterile-specific patterns of mtDNA of sugar beet for the given mtDNA probe. For these analyses, we routinely used 1 g of plant material to determine the type of cytoplasm. (2) Noncomparative (“plus-minus”) methods requiring neither the isolation of pure DNA nor restriction, electrophoresis, or Southern blotting. Instead, alkaline-SDS plant extracts from as little as 50 mg of plant material were dot-blotted and hybridized with fertile-specific (mitochondrial minicircular DNA) and/or cms-specific probes (consisting of a 2.3-kb mtDNA sequence exclusively occurring in the cms cytoplasm). The assays are simple to perform, give definitive results, are nonde-structive to the plants, and may be used in mass screening of sugar beet populations for hybrid production or in in vitro culture processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Primary trisomies ; Beet ; Beta vulgaris ; Isozyme polymorphism ; Chromosomal assignment ; Distorted segregation ; Dosage shift
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Segregating families of beet (Beta vulgaris) were used to verify the monofactorial inheritance of two enzyme-coding loci, leucine aminopeptidase (Lap1) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (Got3). With a series of primary trisomies and using three methods to discriminate between the critical trisomic (the locus is situated on the triplicated chromosome) and the non-critical ones, it was possible to allocate the two loci to beet chromosomes I and II, respectively. For the locus Lap1 distorted segregation ratios were estimated, and the incorporation of three alleles into one plant was attempted. In the case of Got3 the measurement of the allele dosage effect after electrophoresis was chosen as the major strategy. The output of laser densitometric scans were subjected to the non-parametrical Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gonadotrops ; Isolation ; Cell culture ; Gonadotropin secretion ; African catfish (Clarias lazera)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Dispersed pituitary cells from male African catfish, Clarias lazera, were fractionated in a density gradient of Percoll. Five fractions were isolated, consisting of about 6, 19, 39, 95 and 83% gonadotrops, respectively. The gonadotrops were identified by their ultrastructural characteristics, by immunocytochemistry, and by measuring their hormone content. After one day in culture, in each fraction the secretion of gonadotropin could be stimulated by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue, indicating that the cells had retained their functional integrity. Since the regulatory mechanisms of different cell types from the pituitary have some similarity, purification of the gonadotrops provides a model to study the regulation of gonadotropin secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland, pars anterior (distalis) ; Gonadotrops ; Thyrotrops ; Ultrastructure ; Immunolabeling ; Teleosts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pituitaries of the African catfish (Clarias lazera) were studied with immunocytochemical methods, at the light-microscopic and ultrastructural levels, for the characterization and localization of gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells. Two immunostaining procedures with the use of different markers were carried out: (i) with peroxidase-antiperoxidase, (ii) with protein A-gold. In routinely stained sections for light microscopy two types of basophils were identified in the proximal pars distalis: (1) large, round, purple cells, and (2) small, angular, light-blue cells. Both types were immunolabeled with antibodies against Clarias α,β-gonadotropin (GTH) and salmon G100-GTH. Only the large basophils were immunolabeled with anti-carp β-GTH, whereas the small basophils were the only cells immunolabeled with anti-human thyrotropin beta subunit (anti-h TSH-β). It was concluded that the large basophils represent the gonadotrops and the small basophils the thyrotrops. At the ultrastructural level the immunostaining of the GTH-cells was confined to three types of inclusions: (i) secretory vesicles, (ii) globules, and (iii) electron-dense, membrane-bound irregular masses. Especially the protein A- gold method, in combination with the use of a highly diluted homologous antiserum, resulted in a distinct localization of GTH. The presence of two types of nerve fibres, synaptically contacting the gonadotrops, is discussed with regard to the presence of a peptidergic (stimulatory) and an aminergic (inhibitory) control of GTH-secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Heterodera schachtii ; Beta vulgaris ; Monosomic additions ; Molecular markers ; Disease resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In cultivated beet no useful level of resistance of the beet cyst nematode (BCN) Heterodera schachtii Schm. has been found, unlike the situation in wild species of the section Procumbentes. Stable introgression of resistance genes from the wild species into Beta vulgaris has not been achieved, but resistant monosomic additions (2n =18 + 1), diploids of B. vulgaris with an extra alien chromosome carrying the resistance locus, have been obtained. Here we describe a new series of resistant monosomic fragment addition material of B. patellaris chromosome 1 (pat-1). We further describe the cloning of a single-copy DNA marker that specifically hybridizes with a monosomic addition fragment of approximately 8 Mb (AN5-90) carrying the BCN resistance locus. This marker and another fragment-specific, single-copy DNA marker probably flank the BCN locus on the addition fragment present in the AN5-203 material, which is approximately 19 Mb in size. Furthermore, several specific repetitive DNA markers have been isolated, one of which hybridizes to AN5-90 and also to DNA from a smaller DNA segment of Beta procumbens, present in line B883, carrying a BCN resistance locus introgressed into the B. vulgaris genome. This suggests that the specific repetitive marker is closely linked to the BCN locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Beta vulgaris ; Beta patellaris ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; beet cyst nematode ; Heterodera schachtii ; nematode resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Hairy roots, induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, were obtained of nematode susceptible beet plants (Beta vulgaris) and of the nematode resistant alien monotelosomic addition AN5, carrying a telosome from B. patellaris. The additional telosome was found to be stably present in vitro in the roots of AN5. The hairy root cultures were inoculated with larvae of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. On the root culture of AN5 significantly less cysts developed than on the other root cultures. These results indicate that the resistance to the beet cyst nematode is expressed in the roots after transformation and can be monitored under in vitro conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Beta vulgaris ; cultivated beet ; wild Beta species ; resistance ; Heterodera schachtii ; beet root nematode ; interspecific hybridization ; alloploidy ; alien chromosome addition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Experiments were carried out for adding the chromosome carrying resistance to beet root nematode (Heterodera schachtii) from the wild Beta species of the section Patellares (B. procumbens, B. webbiana and B. patellaris) to the genome of B. vulgaris. Preliminary experiments indicated that crosses between the wild species and B. vulgaris cultivars of the mangold type yielded on average more viable F1 hybrids than crosses with sugar and fodderbeet. However, crossability varied strongly between individual parental combinations. It was concluded that most types of B. vulgaris can be hybridized with the wild species of the section Patellares if a sufficient number of pair-crosses is made. Crosses between diploid cultivars or species of the section Vulgares and diploid wild species of the section Patellares yielded many hybrids which, however, were highly sterile. From crosses between tetraploid B. vulgaris and the wild species a great number of viable allotriploid and allotetraploid hybrids was obtained. In the backcross progenies of allotriploid hybrids 26% alien monosomic additions occurred, of which 4.1% carried the resistance bearing chromosome of B. procumbens or B. patellaris. The programme will be continued by sereening progenies of the resistant monosomic addition plants for the occurrence of resistant disomic introgression products.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): breeding ; Beta vulgaris ; sugar beet ; natural variation ; wild Beta species ; disease resistances
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Sugar beet is a relatively young crop, which supposedly has a narrow genetic base. Natural variation occurring in primitive beet varieties and in wild Beta species has been used for breeding sugar beet. This paper reviews information on desirable characteristics in Beta germplasm and the attempts made for the introgression of such characters into commercial breeding material. After an introduction on the availability of germplasm and the possibilities of hybridisation, attention is focussed on the mating system (especially male sterility), on morphological and physiological characteristics, including yield and sugar content, and on resistances to diseases and pests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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