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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 339 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This review deals with the events which are triggered in tissue culture cells upon exposure to medium hyperosmolarity, to virus infection and to inducers of terminal differentiation. Increased medium osmolarity mimics, in several ways, events which follow infection of cells by cytopathogenic viruses. These are: inhibition of uptake of amino acids, glucose and uridine, the release or activation of a low molecular weight substance which mediates an immediate and specific inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation, and alteration in the phosphorylation state of ribosomal proteins. All these effects appear to be related to or be a consequence of membrane alterations. Similar alterations in transport and protein synthesis are initiated in Friend erythroleukemic cells upon induction of terminal differentiation.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Thermal fatigue experiments performed with an austenitic steel give rise to an irregular pattern of cracks on the specimen surface. The investigations are aimed at characterizing the patterns in quantitative terms and at discerning trends with increasing numbers of cycles. Statistical methods based on different models of stochastic geometry are applied to take into account the random influence in pattern formation. Descriptive statistics as well as stochastic models are used to characterize the damage level. The stochastic models, such as fibre processes and random mosaics, will finally correlate the physical damage process with the random crack pattern observed. It is shown in this paper how the statistical characteristics of the random crack patterns can be related to the statistical characteristics of the stochastic models and the way the physical nature of the damage process influences these quantities.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 133-136 (Jan. 1993), p. 627-632 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 37 (1991), S. 1441-1453 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Gesamtdruckmessungen mittels eines Membrannullmanometers wurden Phasenbarogramme der Systeme GeI4-I2, GeI4-BiI3 und GeI4-HgI2 ermittelt und die resultierenden Phasendiagramme mit den an Hand von DTA-Messungen erhaltenen verglichen. Alle diese Systeme besitzen einen eutektischen Punkt.
    Notes: Abstract The phase barograms of the systems GeI4-I2, GeI4-BiI3 and GeI4-HgI2 were determined by total pressure measurements in a membrane zero manometer and the resulting phase diagrams were compared with those obtained by DTA measurements. All the systems were single eutectics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials science 27 (1991), S. 551-555 
    ISSN: 1573-885X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions In this paper, some ideas concerning the statistical modelling of damage on a microstructural level and its relation to macroscopic quantities are given. Two examples using different kinds of approaches for the damage modelling are presented. In the first part, creep damage of an austenitic steel is modelled in a phenomenological way according to experimental observations. This leads to patterns of simulated grain boundary failure, which are in qualitative agreement with experimental findings. A method is indicated how to incorporate micromechanical models in macroscopic relations for creep behavior. In the second part, a micromechanical model for creep damage of alumina is incorporated into the simulated grain boundary structure. Characteristic patterns of the different simulation procedures are shown. As a first step, the results seem to be encouraging. The advantages of the use of stochastic geometry methods in the light of the possible inclusion of more sophisticated models for grain boundary failure and the interaction effects of cavitated grain boundary facets are twofold: Any kind of grain boundary failure can be handled by the stochastic model which is therefore applicable for different kinds of material. Interaction effects of cavitated grain boundary facets can be handled in a very efficient way, which allows the simulation of realistic configurations without a prohibitively large amount of computing time. The framework of the stochastic geometry seems therefore to be a very efficient tool for the development of micromechanical damage models and their relation to a macroscopic description of damage.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 432 (1977), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Chemical Transport of Ga2O3 with Tellurium TetrachlorideThe behaviour of the transport of Ga2O3 with TeCl4 is calculated by the aid of the solubilities in the gas phase and compared with the experimental results. There by condensation of liquid TeO2 at the temperature T1 is considered. The transport takes place from T2 to T1 (hot → cold) in every case. The calculated and experimental results agree well. Colorless single crystals of β-Ga2O3 having maximum dimensions of about 2 · 2 · 5 mm were obtained.
    Notes: Das Transportverhalten von Ga2O3 mit TeCl4 wird unter Berücksichtigung der Kondensation von TeO2,fl bei T1 über die Gasphasenlöslichkeiten berechnet und mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Der Transport erfolgt stets von T2 → T1 (heiß → kalt). Die berechneten und experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung. Es wurden farblose phasenreine β-Ga2O3-Einkristalle bis zu 2 · 2 · 5 mm erhalten.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 435 (1977), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamics of the Vaporization of Copper(I) HalidesThe equilibria of the vaporization of copper(I) halides were measured by means of a static method. The predominant species in the vapour are the trimeric ones. The enthalpies and entropies of vaporization (kcal/mol and e. u./mol) at 1 100 K were determined to be 42.7 and 23.8 für CuCl, 43.1 and 10.7 for Cu2Cl2, 18.4 and 10.0 für Cu3Cl3, 15.5 and 5.9 for Cu4Cl4, 10.6 and 11.3 for Cu3Br3, 24.0 and 7.8 for Cu4Br4, 25.1 and 14.8 for Cu3I3, respectively. Taking into account the results of chemical transport experiments concerning the transport of copper by means of iodine, the standard entropy at 298 K of Cu3I3(gas) was found to be 130 e. u./mol and the fusion enthalpy at 298 K was determined to be 20 kcal/mol.
    Notes: Die Verdampfungsgleichgewichte der Kupfer(I)-halogenide wurden mit einer statischen Methode gemessen. Der Dampf besteht überwiegend aus Trimeren. Folgende Verdampfungsenthalpien und -entropien bei 1 100 K wurden bestimmt (in kcal/Mol bzw. Clausius): CuCl: 42,7; 23,8; Cu2Cl2: 43,1; 19,7; Cu3Cl3: 18,4; 10,0; Cu4Cl4: 15,5; 5,9; Cu3Br3: 19,6; 11,3; Cu4Br4: 24,0; 7,8; Cu3J3: 25,1; 14,8.Unter Hinzuziehung der Beobachtungen beim chemischen Transport von Cu mit Jod wurde die Standardentropie bei 298 K für Cu3J3,g erhalten zu 130 cl und die Bildungsenthalpie zu 20 kcal/Mol.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 429 (1977), S. 18-24 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Melting Point Diagram of the System TeCl4—TeO2The barogram of the system TeCl4—TeO2 was obtained by measurements of the total pressure in this system. From the characteristic points of the barogram and DTA measurements the melting point diagram TeCl4—TeO2 was derived.A congruent melting composition Te6O11Cl2 exist in the system. The subsystems TeCl4—B and B—TeO2 are eutectic, with 48 Mol-% TeO2 and 185°C and 92,5 Mol-% TeO2 and 560°C, respectively. The melting point of Te6O11Cl2 is 585°C.
    Notes: Durch Messung des Gesamtdruckes über Gemischen aus TeCl4 und TeO2 unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung wurde das Barogramm des Systems aufgestellt. Aus den charakteristischen Punkten des Barogrammes wurde das Schmelzdiagramm TeCl4—TeO2 abgeleitet und durch DTA-Messungen bestätigt. Im System existiert eine kongruent schmelzende Verbindung Te6O11Cl2 (B). Die Teilsysteme TeCl4—B und B—TeO2 sind eutektisch, mit 48 Mol-% TeO2 bei 185°C sowie 92,5 Mol-% TeO2 bei 560°C. Der Schmelzpunkt der Verbindung Te6O11Cl2 liegt bei 585°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 444 (1978), S. 125-134 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of the Equilibria in the Cobalt(II) Iodide VapourTotal pressure measurements over cobalt(II) iodide and in the unsaturated vapour lead to equations for the decomposition pressure (I + I2) and for the saturation pressure of CoI2 and Co2I4, respectively, as well as for the constant of the equilibrium \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 2{\rm CoJ}_{2,{\rm g}} = {\rm Co}_2 {\rm J}_{4,{\rm g}} $$\end{document} Standard enthalpies of formation are obtained: ΔH°f(CoI2,l, 298) = -12.5 ± 3 kcal/mole, ΔH°f(CoI2,g,298) = 28.3 ± 3 kcal/mole, and ΔH°f(Co2I4,g,298) = 15.6 ± 3 kcal/mole. The standard entropy of liquid CoI2 is found to be S°(CoI2,l,298) = 44.5 ± 2 e. u. per mole.
    Notes: Aus Messungen des Gesamtdruckes über flüssigem Kobalt(II)-jodid und im ungesättigten Dampf wird der Zersetzungsdruck (J2 + J), der Sättigungsdruck an CoJ2 und Co2J4 sowie die Lage des Gleichgewichtes \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 2{\rm CoJ}_{2,{\rm g}} = {\rm Co}_2 {\rm J}_{4,{\rm g}} $$\end{document} ermittelt. Man erhält daraus die Standardbildungsenthalpien ΔH°B(CoJ2,fl, 298) = -12,5 ± 3 kcal/mol, ΔH°B(CoJ2,g, 298) = 28,3 ± 3kcal/mol und ΔH°B(Co2J4,g, 298) = 15,6 ± 3 kcal/mol. Als Standardentropie für flüssiges CoJ2 wird S°(CoJ2,fl,298) = 44,5 ± 2 cl gefunden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 439 (1978), S. 13-28 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the System Te/O/BrThe melting point diagram of the system TeBr4—TeO2 was obtained by total pressure measurements and DTA measurements. A Congruent melting composition Te6O11Br2 exists, the melting point is 570°C.The enthalpy of formation and the standard entropy of the species TeOBr2,g was derived from measurements of the total pressure over Te6O11Br2/TeBr4 and from the transport behaviour of the TeO2 with Br2.From the decomposition-pressure measurements over Te6O11Br2/TeO2 follow the partial pressure.The enthalpy of formation ΔH°(Te6O11Br2,f,298) = -453.5 kcal/Mol was obtained from the enthalpy of solution. The transport-behaviour of TeO2 with HBr, with Tebr4 and Br2 and that of Te6O11Br2 is clear with the thermodynamic data of TeObr2.
    Notes: Das Schmelzdiagramm des Systems TeO2—TeBr4 wurde durch Dampfdruckmessungen und DTA ermittelt. Im System existiert eine bei 570°C kongruent schmelzende Verbindung Te6O11Br2Aus Dampfdruckmessungen über Te6O11Br2/TeBr4 und Messung des Gesamtdruckes TeO2,f/Br2,g sowie der Auswertung des Transportverhaltens des TeO2 mit Br2 wurden die Bildungsenthalpie und die Standardentropie der Gasphasenspezies TeOBr2 abgeleitet. Aus den Zersetzungsdruckmessungen über Te6O11Br2/TeO2 folgen die Partialzersetzungsdrucke.Lösungscalorimetrisch wurde die Bildungsenthalpie ΔH0(Te6O11Br2,f,298) = -453,5 kcal/Mol ermittelt.Das Transportverhalten von TeO2 mit HBr, TeBr4 und Br2, sowie das des Te6O11Br2 ist mit den thermodynamischen Daten des TeOBr2 verständlich und beschreibbar.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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