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  • Tortricidae  (5)
  • pharmacokinetics  (5)
  • pH  (4)
  • Springer  (14)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Wiley
  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (14)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Wiley
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hickory shuckworm Cydia caryana: electroantennogram and flight tunnel studies of potential sex pheromone components (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; Cydia caryana ; sex pheromone ; electroantennogram ; flight tunnel ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses olfactives antennaires de Cydia caryana, mesurées par électroantennogrammes (EAG), aux alcools et acétates à carbones monounsaturés en positions 12 et 14, ont montré que le système conjugué de double liaison, (E)-8-, (E)-10- du dodecadien-1-ol acétate constitue un composé chimique strutural critique de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana. De plus, les acétates: (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol, et le (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol, se sont révélés en AEG comme des composés secondaires de la phéromone. L'étude par AEG de la relation dose-réponse a conduit à l'hypothèse de deux catégories de populations de récepteurs de phéromones. L'analyse comportementale des résponses des papillons mâles dans le tunnel de vol aux composés qui ont provoqués les plus forts AEG, on fait estimer que les acétates (E,E)-8,10-dodécadien-1-ol et (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol ressemblent (ou sont) les constituants de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana; tandis que les (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol et (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol sont, soit des paraphéromones, soit des constituants mineurs de la phéromone. La signification biologique du (Z)-12-tétradécen-1-ol a été difficile à interprêter avec les expériences en tunnel de vol.
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) measurement of male Cydia caryana moth antennal olfactory response to monounsaturated 12 and 14 carbon alcohols and acetates indicated that the (E)-8-, (E)-10- conjugated double bond system of a dodecadien-1-ol acetate is a critical chemical structural component of the C. caryana sex pheromone. Additionally, EAG measurements implicated (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol as potential minor pheromonal components. An EAG dosage-response study suggested that there were at least two heterologous populations of pheromone acceptors. Behavioral analysis of male moth response in a flight tunnel to compounds which evoked the stronger EAG responses suggested that (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate resemble or are C. caryana sex pheromonal components, while (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol acetate are either parapheromones or are minor pheromone components. Behavioral significance of (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol was difficult to interpret in the flight tunnel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidity of twelve northern New England (U.S.A.) lakes in recent centuries (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 12 (1994), S. 103-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: acidification ; alkalization ; pH ; alkalinity ; diatoms ; sediment chemistry ; New England ; catchment effects ; land use ; logging ; acidic deposition ; air pollutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Studies of sediment cores from 12 acidic lakes in granitic, forested and uninhabited catchments in northern New England, U.S.A. produced diatom-inferred pH (IpH) 5.2 to 5.8 and alkalinity (Ialk) −12 to 31 µeq l−1, with slowly declining values at some lakes, for one to four centuries prior to logging. Increases of IpH (Δ0.05 to 0.60) and Ialk (Δ5 to 40 µeq l−1) correlate with logging in the catchments in the early-1800s to early-1900s. Recovery to pre-logging IpH and Ialk correlates with forest succession toward conifers, and is completed in the late-1800s to mid-1900s. Beginning at 1915–1920 (4 lakes), 1930–1950 (4 lakes) and 1965–1970 (4 lakes), IpH and Ialk start decreasing below pre-logging values due to atmospheric acidic deposition, leading to respective total decreases of 0.10 to 0.45 (X=0.25) and 5 to 25 µeq l−1 (X=15). Inputs of anthropogenic Pb, Zn, V, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and soot from the atmosphere are first detectable in early- to late-1800s sediment, and Cu in late-1800s sediment, increase rapidly in the late-1800s to mid-1900s, and level off or decrease since the 1960s — partly due to emission controls. Decreasing Ca, Mn, and possibly Zn relative to other metals and normalized to organic content, and increasing flux of Fe to the lakes, indicate soil and water acidification after 1900.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678090
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fosinopril pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fosinopril ; fosinoprilat ; CAPD ; ACE-inhibitor ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; peritoneal dialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fosinoprilat, the diacid of fosinopril sodium, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, were investigated after the oral administration of 10 mg of fosinopril sodium to 6 chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The results from 1 patient are reported separately because of the presence of concomitant liver dysfunction. The mean t1/2, Cmax, tmax, and AUC values for 5 of the CAPD patients were 19.5 h, 202 ng·ml−1, 4.8 h, and 3.19 μg·h·ml−1, respectively. Values for 1 CAPD patient with liver dysfunction were t1/2 of 65.4 h, Cmax of 182 ng·ml−1, tmax of 9 h, and AUC of 18.1 μg·h·ml−1. Peritoneal clearance of fosinoprilat was negligible, ranging from 0.07 to 0.23 ml·min−1. Serum ACE activity remained significantly suppressed at 24 and 48 h after fosinopril sodium administration with mean decreases from baseline of 94.2% and 70.6%, respectively. ACE activity was suppressed to an even greater degree in the patient with liver dysfunction, remaining 97% inhibited 72 h after drug administration. Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased and plasma aldosterone concentrations decreased following drug administration. Mean arterial pressure did not change appreciably throughout the study. Dosage reductions may not be necessary in the majority of dialysis patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of oral quinine in acute falciparum malaria (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Quinine ; pharmacokinetics ; falciparum malaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma quinine concentrations following oral quinine sulphate 10 mg salt/kg have been measured by HPLC in 15 adult Thai patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. In 10 of the same patients the study was repeated in convalescence. In acute malaria plasma concentrations were approximately 50% higher than in convalescence; the mean acute peak plasma quinine concentration was 8.4 mg·l−1 compared to 5.7 mg·l−1 in convalescence. There was considerable variation in the rate of drug absorption, particularly in acute malaria. The mean time to peak plasma concentration was 5.9 h in acute malaria and 3.2 h in convalescence. The apparent clearance of oral quinine (CL/f) during the illness was 1.51 ml·kg−1·min−1, which was significantly lower than in convalescence — 2.67 ml·kg−·min−1. Estimated free quinine clearance was also lower in the acute phase: 30.6 compared to 49.0 ml·kg−1·min−1 in convalescence. Mean (SD) plasma protein binding of quinine was 94.7% in acute malaria and 92.8% in convalescence. Binding was significantly correlated with the plasma concentration of α1 acid glycoprotein (r=0.5), which was significantly higher in the acute phase; 1.48 g·l−1 compared to 1.05 g·l−1 during convalescence. Oral quinine sulphate was well absorbed in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. High blood concentrations following the administration of oral quinine in acute malaria are probably related to increased plasma protein binding, lower apparent volume of distribution, and a reduction in its systemic clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315138
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of methocarbamol in renal insufficiency and normals (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: methocarbamol ; haemodialysis ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We determined plasma methocarbamol concentrations over 24 h following a 1.5 g methocarbamol dose (off-dialysis day) to 8 chronic haemodialysis patients and compared these results to those from 17 healthy male volunteers. The harmonic mean elimination half-life was similar between the two groups, 1.24 and 1.14 h, respectively. tmax and the weight-adjusted Cmax were 1.1 h and 27.0 mg · m−1 for haemodialysis patients and 1.1 and 23.1 mg · l−1 for normals. Relative systemic availability was assessed by comparing weight-normalized AUC × k10 products. These results indicate no significant differences with respect to methocarbamol absorption, with the relative systemic availability in patients being 113%. These data suggest that absorption and elimination of methocarbamol is similar between normal subjects and patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280060
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human pharmacokinetics of esorubicin (4′ -deoxydoxorubicin) (1985)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 3 (1985), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: 4′-deoxydoxorubicin ; esorubicin ; anthracycline ; anticancer agent ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of esorubicin, a new anthracycline antibiotic, was investigated in conjunction with a phase I clinical trial. The drug was administered to 12 patients as an intravenous bolus at a dose of 20 to 40mg/m2. All patients had normal renal and hepatic functions and no third space fluid accumulation. Plasma and urine samples were assayed by HPLC. The peak plasma concentration of esorubicin was 0.74 ± 0.57 μM (mean ± SE). Esorubicin disappeared from plasma according to a tri-exponential pattern with a terminal half-life of 20.4 ± 7.3 hr. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was 0.64 ± 0.31 μMxhr. Total body plasma clearance was 45.5 ± 26.8 liter/min/m2 and the apparent volume of the central compartment, 41.0 ± 24.8 L. A single metabolite, 4′-deoxydoxorubicinol, was detected in plasma. This metabolite was observed in 5 patients only and its mean peak concentration was 0.029 ± 0.017 μM. The area under the plasma versus concentration time curve for 4′-deoxydoxorubicinol was 0.02 ± 0.014 μMxhr. The urinary excretion of total fluorescence within 5 days of therapy was 7.3 ± 1.3% of the administered dose. Esorubicin represented more than 80% of the excreted anthracyclines. As in plasma, 4′ -deoxydoxorubicinol was the only metabolite detectable in urine. No correlation between the various pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-induced toxicity was observed in this small group of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170759
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship Between Enoxacin and Ciprofloxacin Plasma Concentrations and Theophylline Disposition (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 1424-1428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: enoxacin ; ciprofloxacin ; theophylline ; pharmacokinetics ; drug-drug interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Certain fluoroquinolone antibiotics affect theophylline (THEO) disposition by inhibition of its metabolism, yet no studies to date have investigated the relationship between fluoroquinolone plasma concentration and THEO pharmacokinetics. The effects of two fluoroquinolones, enoxacin (ENOX) and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), have been studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 33–46) at steady state plasma concentrations of 0–33 mg · 1−1, achieved by supplementing an intravenous bolus dose with a constant rate infusion. The effects of steady state ENOX and CIPRO plasma concentrations on the clearance of THEO determined after an intravenous bolus dose of 6 mg · kg−1 were described using a competitive inhibition model. The model consisted of two components, one describing a residual component of THEO clearance, which was unaffected by fluoroquinolone, the other describing the non-linear reduction of THEO clearance by fluoroquinolone. The residual clearance estimated from the model was comparable to renal clearance for THEO in the rat. The potency of each fluoroquinolone was characterised by a Ki value, the concentration reducing THEO clearance by 50% of the maximum change. These values were 4.7 µM and 16.3 µM for ENOX and CIPRO, respectively. Thus, in this study, ENOX was found to be a more potent inhibitor of THEO clearance than CIPRO. The method allowed direct in vivo comparison of potency between different fluoroquinolones, as pharmacokinetic differences, such as clearance, volume of distribution and bioavailability, were ‘designed out.’
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018991822440
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition of soil solutions extracted from New Zealand beech forests and West German beech and spruce forests (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al3+ ; Ca2+ ; Mg2+ ; NH4 + ; NO3 − ; SO4 2− ; Al toxicity ; forest dieback ; Fagus sylvatica ; Nothofagus ; pH ; Picea abies ; soil solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of ions were measured in soil solutions from beech (Nothofagus) forests in remote areas of New Zealand and in solutions from beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in North-East Bavaria, West Germany, to compare the chemistry of soil solutions which are unaffected by acid deposition (New Zealand) with those that are affected (West Germany). In New Zealand, soil solution SO4 2− concentrations ranged between 〈2 and 58 μmol L−1, and NO3 − concentrations ranged between 〈1 and 3 μmol L−1. In West Germany, SO4 2− concentrations ranged between 80 and 700 μmol L−1, and NO3 − concentrations at three of six sites ranged between 39 and 3750 μmol L−1, but was not detected at the remaining three sites. At all sites in New Zealand, and at sites where the soil base status was moderately high in West Germany, pH levels increased, and total Al (Alt) and inorganic monomeric Al (Ali) levels decreased rapidly with increasing soil depth. In contrast, at sites on soils of low base status in West Germany, pH levels increased only slightly, and Al levels did not decline with increasing soil depth. Under a high-elevation Norway spruce stand showing severe Mg deficiency and dieback symptoms in West Germany, soil solution Mg2+ levels ranged between 20 and 60 μmol L−, and were only half those under a healthy stand. Alt and Ali levels were substantially higher the healthy stand than under the unhealthy stand, indicating that Al toxicity was not the main cause of spruce decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012827
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods of pH calibration of sedimentary diatom remains for reconstructing history of pH in lakes (1985)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 120 (1985), S. 69-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: diatoms ; lake acidification ; acidic precipitation ; paleolimnology ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pH history of lakes can be inferred from diatom remains in dated sediment cores. To derive transfer functions for pH inference in acidic lakes, we counted diatoms in surface-sediment from 31 soft-water lakes in n. New England (NE) and 36 in Norway (N), covering pH 4.4–7.1. Cluster analysis of each data set indicates that pH 6 is an upper limit for a group of similar diatom assemblages. For each set, we developed multiple linear regressions to relate three versions of the diatom data to pH of surface-waters: (1) relative frequencies of selected diatom taxa, (2) the first principal component (1 PC) of these frequencies, and (3) the frequencies of Hustedt pH groups. Also, simple linear regressions were developed for two versions: (1) Index B and (2) Index Alpha, both based on pH groups. Regressions were run separately for lakes with pH ≤ 6; these are most relevant for pH inference in acidic lakes. The best regressions (N: taxa & 1 PC taxa) have r2 0.69–0.91 and Se 0.24–0.31 pH units, the worst (NE: log alpha) have r2 0.27–0.57 and Se 0.51. In all cases, errors for NE are greater than N, partly due to greater diversity of NE lakes. Regressions based on pH groups (directly & by indices) have smaller r2 and larger Se than those based on taxa and 1 taxa. The Index Alpha is least useful because its requirement for alkaline diatom units is unsatisfied at many acidic lakes. Regressions based on taxa may give erratic pH inferences due to sensitivity to unusual frequencies of individual taxa; this effect is reduced by using 1 PC taxa. Four regressions based on pH ≤ 6 lakes were used for inferring pH in a 210Pb dated core from Nedre Målmesvatn, N (now pH 4.6). There is good agreement among three of the four (not for the regression based directly on taxa) that there has been a decrease of ca. 0.6 pH units starting in the late 1800's.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034592
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate hydrolysis by the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 20 (1988), S. 571-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: (Na+ + K+)-ATPase ; 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate ; nitrophenyl phosphate ; dimenthyl sulfoxide ; Pi ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract With 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate (3-OMFP) as substrate for the phosphatase reaction catalyzed by the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, a number of properties of that reaction differ from those with the common substratep-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP): theK m is 2 orders of magnitude less and the Vmax is two times greater, and dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) inhibits rather than stimulates. In addition, reducing the incubation pH decreases both theK m and Vmax for K+-activated 3-OMFP hydrolysis as well as theK 0.5 for K+ activation. However, reducing the incubation pH increases inhibition by Pi and the Vmax for 3-OMFP hydrolysis in the absence of K+. When choline chloride is varied reciprocally with NaCl to maintain the ionic strength constant, NaCl inhibits K+-activated 3-OMFP hydrolysis modestly with 10 mM KCl, but stimulates (in the range 5–30 mM NaCl) with suboptimal (0.35 mM) KCl. In the absence of K+, however, NaCl stimulates increasingly over the range 5–100 mM when the ionic strength is held constant. These observations are interpreted in terms of (a) differential effects of the ligands on enzyme conformations; (b) alternative reaction pathways in the absence of Na+, with a faster, phosphorylating pathway more readily available to 3-OMFP than to NPP; and (c) a (Na+ + K+)-phosphatase pathway, most apparent at suboptimal K+ concentrations, that is also more readily available to 3-OMFP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768920
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