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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1990-1994  (15)
  • 1985-1989  (10)
  • 1
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    Identification of the 1H-NMR spectra of complex oligosaccharides with artificial neural networks (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: Artificial networks can be used to identify hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of complex oligosaccharides. Feed-forward neural networks with back-propagation of errors can distinguish between spectra of oligosaccharides that differ by only one glycosyl residue in twenty. The artificial neural networks use features of the strongly overlapping region of the spectra (hump region) as well as features of the resolved regions of the spectra (structural reporter groups) to recognize spectra and efficiently recognized 1H-NMR spectra even when the spectra were perturbed by minor variations in their chemical shifts. Identification of spectra by neural network-based pattern recognition techniques required less than 0.1 second. It is anticipated that artificial neural networks can be used to identify the structures of any complex carbohydrate that has been previously characterized and for which a 1H-NMR spectrum is available.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, B -- Hansen, T -- Nute, D -- Albersheim, P -- Darvill, A -- York, W -- Sellers, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; *Glucans ; Hydrogen ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligosaccharides/*chemistry ; Polysaccharides/*chemistry ; *Xylans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Multiple representations of pain in human cerebral cortex (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-15
    Description: The representation of pain in the cerebral cortex is less well understood than that of any other sensory system. However, with the use of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in humans, it has now been demonstrated that painful heat causes significant activation of the contralateral anterior cingulate, secondary somatosensory, and primary somatosensory cortices. This contrasts with the predominant activation of primary somatosensory cortex caused by vibrotactile stimuli in similar experiments. Furthermore, the unilateral cingulate activation indicates that this forebrain area, thought to regulate emotions, contains an unexpectedly specific representation of pain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Talbot, J D -- Marrett, S -- Evans, A C -- Meyer, E -- Bushnell, M C -- Duncan, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 15;251(4999):1355-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de neurophysiologie comportementale, Faculte de medecine dentaire, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2003220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Functional Laterality ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech processing (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-08
    Description: Cerebral activation was measured with positron emission tomography in ten human volunteers. The primary auditory cortex showed increased activity in response to noise bursts, whereas acoustically matched speech syllables activated secondary auditory cortices bilaterally. Instructions to make judgments about different attributes of the same speech signal resulted in activation of specific lateralized neural systems. Discrimination of phonetic structure led to increased activity in part of Broca's area of the left hemisphere, suggesting a role for articulatory recoding in phonetic perception. Processing changes in pitch produced activation of the right prefrontal cortex, consistent with the importance of right-hemisphere mechanisms in pitch perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zatorre, R J -- Evans, A C -- Meyer, E -- Gjedde, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):846-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Phonetics ; *Pitch Discrimination ; Reference Values ; Speech ; *Speech Perception ; Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Primary structure of the beta subunit of the DHP-sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscle (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-08
    Description: Complementary DNAs for the beta subunit of the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel of rabbit skeletal muscle were isolated on the basis of peptide sequences derived from the purified protein. The deduced primary structure is without homology to other known protein sequences and is consistent with the beta subunit being a peripheral membrane protein associated with the cytoplasmic aspect of the sarcolemma. The protein contains sites that might be expected to be preferentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. A messenger RNA for this protein appears to be expressed in brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruth, P -- Rohrkasten, A -- Biel, M -- Bosse, E -- Regulla, S -- Meyer, H E -- Flockerzi, V -- Hofmann, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Fakultat, Homburg/Saar, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dihydropyridines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles/*analysis ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects/*isolation & purification/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Range of messenger action of calcium ion and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: The range of messenger action of a point source of Ca2+ or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was determined from measurements of their diffusion coefficients in a cytosolic extract from Xenopus laevis oocytes. The diffusion coefficient (D) of [3H]IP3 injected into an extract was 283 microns 2/s. D for Ca2+ increased from 13 to 65 microns 2/s when the free calcium concentration was raised from about 90 nM to 1 microM. The slow diffusion of Ca2+ in the physiologic concentration range results from its binding to slowly mobile or immobile buffers. The calculated effective ranges of free Ca2+ before it is buffered, buffered Ca2+, and IP3 determined from their diffusion coefficients and lifetimes were 0.1 micron, 5 microns, and 24 microns, respectively. Thus, for a transient point source of messenger in cells smaller than 20 microns, IP3 is a global messenger, whereas Ca2+ acts in restricted domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allbritton, N L -- Meyer, T -- Stryer, L -- 5F32AI0814203/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- MH45324/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1812-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1465619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone/pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Oocytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; *Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Terpenes/pharmacology ; Thapsigargin ; Time Factors ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Assignment of a locus for familial melanoma, MLM, to chromosome 9p13-p22 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: Linkage analysis of ten Utah kindreds and one Texas kindred with multiple cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) provided evidence that a locus for familial melanoma susceptibility is in the chromosomal region 9p13-p22. The genetic markers analyzed reside in a candidate region on chromosome 9p21, previously implicated by the presence of homozygous deletions in melanoma tumors and by the presence of a germline deletion in an individual with eight independent melanomas. Multipoint linkage analysis was performed between the familial melanoma susceptibility locus (MLM) and two short tandem repeat markers, D9S126 and the interferon-alpha (IFNA) gene, which reside in the region of somatic loss in melanoma tumors. An analysis incorporating a partially penetrant dominant melanoma susceptibility locus places MLM near IFNA and D9S126 with a maximum location score of 12.71. Therefore, the region frequently deleted in melanoma tumors on 9p21 presumably contains a locus that plays a critical role in predisposition to familial melanoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannon-Albright, L A -- Goldgar, D E -- Meyer, L J -- Lewis, C M -- Anderson, D E -- Fountain, J W -- Hegi, M E -- Wiseman, R W -- Petty, E M -- Bale, A E -- CA 42014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR 00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1148-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; Texas ; Utah
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Calmodulin trapping by calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-22
    Description: Multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) transduces transient elevations in intracellular calcium into changes in the phosphorylation state and activity of target proteins. By fluorescence emission anisotropy, the affinity of CaM kinase for dansylated calmodulin was measured and found to increase 1000 times after autophosphorylation of the threonine at position 286 of the protein. Autophosphorylation markedly slowed the release of bound calcium-calmodulin; the release time increased from less than a second to several hundred seconds. In essence, calmodulin is trapped by autophosphorylation. The shift in affinity does not occur in a site-directed mutant in which threonine at position 286 has been replaced by a non-phosphorylatable amino acid. These experiments demonstrate the existence of a new state in which calmodulin is bound to CaM kinase even though the concentration of calcium is basal. Calmodulin trapping provides for molecular potentiation of calcium transients and may enable detection of their frequency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, T -- Hanson, P I -- Stryer, L -- Schulman, H -- GM 40600/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM24032/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH45324/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1199-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1317063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Calmodulin/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Threonine ; Time Factors ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Ulysses radio and plasma wave observations in the jupiter environment (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: The Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment has produced new observations of the Jupiter environment, owing to the unique capabilities of the instrument and the traversal of high Jovian latitudes. Broad-band continuum radio emission from Jupiter and in situ plasma waves have proved valuable in delineating the magnetospheric boundaries. Simultaneous measurements of electric and magnetic wave fields have yielded new evidence of whistler-mode radiation within the magnetosphere. Observations of aurorallike hiss provided evidence of a Jovian cusp. The source direction and polarization capabilities of URAP have demonstrated that the outer region of the lo plasma torus supported at least five separate radio sources that reoccurred during successive rotations with a measurable corotation lag. Thermal noise measurements of the lo torus densities yielded values in the densest portion that are similar to models suggested on the basis of Voyager observations of 13 years ago. The URAP measurements also suggest complex beaming and polarization characteristics of Jovian radio components. In addition, a new class of kilometer-wavelength striated Jovian bursts has been observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R G -- Pedersen, B M -- Harvey, C C -- Canu, P -- Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N -- Desch, M D -- de Villedary, C -- Fainberg, J -- Farrell, W M -- Goetz, K -- Hess, R A -- Hoang, S -- Kaiser, M L -- Kellogg, P J -- Lecacheux, A -- Lin, N -- Macdowall, R J -- Manning, R -- Meetre, C A -- Meyer-Vernet, N -- Moncuquet, M -- Osherovich, V -- Reiner, M J -- Tekle, A -- Thiessen, J -- Zarka, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1524-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    The Fc and not CD4 receptor mediates antibody enhancement of HIV infection in human cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Antibodies that enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity have been found in the blood of infected individuals and in infected or immunized animals. These findings raise serious concern for the development of a safe vaccine against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To address the in vivo relevance and mechanism of this phenomenon, antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV infectivity in peripheral blood macrophages, lymphocytes, and human fibroblastoid cells was studied. Neither Leu3a, a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD4 receptor, nor soluble recombinant CD4 even at high concentrations prevented this enhancement. The addition of monoclonal antibody to the Fc receptor III (anti-FcRIII), but not of antibodies that react with FcRI or FcRII, inhibited HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 enhancement in peripheral blood macrophages. Although enhancement of HIV infection in CD4+ lymphocytes could not be blocked by anti-FcRIII, it was inhibited by the addition of human immunoglobulin G aggregates. The results indicate that the FcRIII receptor on human macrophages and possibly another Fc receptor on human CD4+ lymphocytes mediate antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV infectivity and that this phenomenon proceeds through a mechanism independent of the CD4 protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homsy, J -- Meyer, M -- Tateno, M -- Clarkson, S -- Levy, J A -- AI-26471/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI-24499/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1357-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2786647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; HIV-2/*immunology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Pan troglodytes ; Receptors, Fc/*physiology ; Receptors, HIV ; Receptors, Virus/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Crystal structure of osmylated c60: confirmation of the soccer ball framework (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-12
    Description: An x-ray crystal structure that confirms the soccer ball-shaped carbon framework of C(60) (buckminsterfullerene) is reported. An osmyl unit was added to C(60) in order to break its pseudospherical symmetry and give an ordered crystal. The crystal structure of this derivative, C(60)(OsO(4))(4-tert-butylpyridine)(2), reveals atomic positions within the carbon cluster.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawkins, J M -- Meyer, A -- Lewis, T A -- Loren, S -- Hollander, F J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 12;252(5003):312-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17769278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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