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  • Springer  (885)
  • Springer Nature  (140)
  • 1990-1994  (543)
  • 1985-1989  (451)
  • 1955-1959  (31)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1993-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0164-0313
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9591
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 53 (1991), S. 751-768 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Two series expressions were obtained that give the first and second order rates of change in population fitness during competitive replication at elevated mutation rates. At their zeroerror limit, the respective power series reduces to the second (Fisher’s theorem) and third moments of the fitness distribution. The first series maximized the variation in mean polymer fitness, for a given amount of population covariance. From experimental results reported by Spiegelman’s group on evolutionin vitro among Qβ RNA variants, it was demonstrated: (i) terms in the (second) series fall-off at a rate broadly equal to the replicase error (ε≅10−4); (ii) the rate of change in mean RNA fitness (polymer formation rate constant) corresponds to the variance in fitness; and (iii) agreement exists between second order rate changes in fitness and the third moment (skewness) regression line, extending over 20 successive replication reactions. The impact of these findings on the standard model of evolution has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Aflatoxin miniassay ; Fluorescence analysis ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus parasiticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A convenient miniassay for aflatoxin has been developed for cultures ofAspergillus flavus andA. parasiticus grown for 3–10 days in 10 ml of a coconut extract medium. The sensitivity of the assay, as measured by photofluorometry (365 nm maximum excitation; 445 nm maximum emission), is of the order of 0.01 μM (3.12 ng/ml) for aflatoxin B1 dissolved in aqueous iodine (0.26 mM). High performance liquid chromatography, monitored by fluorometric analysis of both an aflatoxin B1 standard and selected culture filtrates, confirmed the sensitivity of the assay and indicated specificity for iodine-enhanced fluorescence of aflatoxin in the coconut extract medium. Thin layer chromatography further confirmed the aflatoxin titers and the specificity for enhancement of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in culture filtrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the fundamental axioms of concurrent engineering is that undertaking functional design without foreseeing the manufacturing process leads to production delays and increased costs. This widely accepted concurrent engineering principle is given a formal basis by development of a mathematical model for the conversion of a feature-based design representation to a manufacturing representation. Within the domain of thin-walled components, it is shown that the conversion to tooling cost representations can result in a discontinuous function when the sets of design and manufacturing representations have been formulated as topological spaces. This discontinuity formally reflects the folklore that a small design change can significantly increase product cost. The mathematical sophistication required within this model is suggestive of why manufacturability evaluations can be quite difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 3 (1989), S. 97-110 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: ARMA processes ; fractionally differencedARMA processes ; long memory ; spectral density ; maximum likelihood estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A class of regression type estimators of the parameterd in a fractionally differencedARMA (p, q) process is introduced. This class is an extension of the estimator considered by Geweke and Porter-Hudak. In a simulation study, we compared three estimators from this class together with two approximate maximum likelihood estimators which are based on two separate approximations to the likelihood. One approximation ignores the determinant term in the likelihood and the other includes a compensating factor for the determinant. When the determinant term is included, the estimate tends to be much less biased and is in general superior to the other estimate. The approximate maximum likelihood estimator out performed, by a large margin, the regression type estimators for pureARIMA (0,d,0) processes. However, forARIMA (1,d,1) processes, a regression type estimator turned out to be the best for realizations of length 400 in 3 out of the 5 cases we tried.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 38 (1987), S. 299-313 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65D05 ; 41A10 ; Interpolation ; local piecewise polynomials ; ratio slope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Satz diskreter Datenwerte über dem Intervall [a, b], der eine Funktiong (x) repräsentiert, wird stückweise durch lokal definierte kubische Polynome interpoliert. Die entstehende Interpolationsfunktion hat folgende Eigenschaften: sie ist monoton und/oder konvex und repräsentiert alle durch die Daten vorgegebenen Wendepunkte, wobei keine zusätzlichen Wendepunkte erzeugt werden. Das Approximationsverfahren wird in Form eines FORTRAN 77-Unterprogramms angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract The interpolation of a discrete set of data, on the interval [a, b], representing the functiong(x) is obtained using a local piecewise polynomial of order 3. This piecewise cubic interpolant has the following properties: monotonicity and/or convexity or turning points that are present in the data are preserved and no extraneous turning points are created. This approximation method is also presented in the form of a FORTRAN77 subroutine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Mathematical model ; Laser surgery ; Optical fibres ; Tumours ; Thermal diffusion ; Multiple fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model is employed to discuss the region treated by local hyperthermia, when the source of heat is a laser whose energy is directed into the treatment region through four optical fibres ending at the corners of a square. If treatment is over a period that is substantially longer than the time for the temperature distribution to reach equilibrium, a steady state model using four point sources can be employed to obtain a general idea of the temperatures reached and the region treated for different power levels and sizes of square. For shorter times, and for more accurate estimation of the regions treated, numerical calculation on a computer is essential. The details of the calculation depend on individual cases, but we demonstrate here that such computations are possible, and present a series of typical results. A comparison is made with the results of a series of experiments on canine liver, showing that it is possible to obtain good qualitative and numerical agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 56 (1992), S. 703-705 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability of the chiral vacuum is explored in Coulomb gauge QCD, in the Breit frame. We find that perturbative Coulomb and transverse gluon exchange destabilises the chirally symmetric vacuum towards a chiral symmetry breaking solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Backward emitted protons with momentump〉0.3 GeV/c in interactions of neutrino in the energy range 10–200 GeV with photoemulsion nuclei were investigated. Energy spectrum slope parameter of backward protons was measured to beT 0=48.9±7.9 MeV. TheA-dependence power index of relative mean yield of backward protons was found to bea=0.68±0.12. A drop in the mean yield of backward protons at the four momentum squared over ∼15 (GeV/c)2 (the neutrino energy over ∼50 GeV) was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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