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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (169)
  • 1990-1994  (74)
  • 1985-1989  (66)
  • 1975-1979  (29)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 461-480 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) were used to carry out grafting on polyester (PE) fibers using the techniques of initiation by γ-radiation as well as benzoyl peroxide. The nature of the grafted fiber substance was found to be the same, irrespective of the grafting technique. Extent of grafting depended upon the time, concentration of the initiator, and the monomer as well as on the irradiation dose. The increase in the moisture regain was directly proportional to the amount of graft in the fiber. AA grafted fibers were rendered more hydrophilic than AN grafted fibers for equivalent amount of grafts. Considerable improvement in dyeability of the PE fibers was possible through grafting. About 50% to 100% improvement with disperse dyes was observed in case of PE fibers containing 22.4% and 9.0% graft of AA and AN, respectively. Intense fast dyeing with direct and basic (cationic) dyes was also possible, and the dye content was proportional to the extent of graft introduced in the fiber. The CN groups were reduced to NH2 groups in the AN graft on the fiber. In this way, deep, fast, and bright dyeing was obtained with reactive dyes. Electrokinetic studies were carried out on the grafted fibers. With the increased amount of AA graft, the maxima in the zeta potential curve shifted toward higher acidic pH as greater amounts of alkali was utilized by the —COOH groups in the graft. In this respect, CN groups were less sensitive due to their lesser polarity as compared to the carboxylic groups. It was observed from surface charge density (S.C.D.) studies that the effective surface area of the fiber decreased with the increase in the amount of graft, particularly in case of AN graft. Surface conductivity (S.C.) studies revealed that with increase in the number of polar groups (—COOH) on the surface of the fiber, the S.C. increased with the increase in the amount of AA graft. In case of AN grafts, the reduction in effective surface area of the fiber played a more important role than the contribution by the CN groups to surface conductivity.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2133-2138 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of grafting of acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, and vinyl acetate onto polyester fiber by catalytic initiation and radiation were studied. The energy of activation determined for acrylic acid grafting by the catalytic method was 10.7 kcal/mole and that for vinyl acetate grafting by the radiation method, 11.7 kcal/mole. In the case of acrylonitrile grafting by the catalytic method, the rate of grafting decreased with increase in temperature of grafting, showing the differential behavior of the precipitating type of polymer from that of homogeneous polymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2707-2714 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Grafting of the mixture of acrylamide and acrylic acid onto polyester and polypropylene fibers and mixture of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid onto polypropylene by the radiation method are reported. It is observed that when pure acrylamide was used for grafting, the grafting extent was small, whereas when the mixture was used, the amount of acrylamide content in the copolymer was found to be more than the feed ratios. The results are explained on the basis of chain transfer mechanism. With methacrylic acid and acrylic acid mixtures, the rate of grafting decreased with the increase in the concentration of acrylic acid in the feed ratio, and this has been explained on the basis of the formation of either a 3-dimensional network structure or a highly branched structure involving backbone polymer molecules with acrylic acid, which prevents the diffusion of the monomer from the solution phase to the swollen phase.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1517-1524 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Kinetic studies were carried out on the reaction between ethylenediamine and dimeric fatty acids in melt phase. The reaction was performed at 124, 130, 145, 160, 174, and 190°C and followed by determining the acid value of the product. The polyamidation reaction was found to be of overall second order with an activation energy of 18.2 kcal/g mol up to 90% conversion and of overall third order with an activation energy of 16.4 kcal/g mol above 90% conversion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß des Deltaferritgehalts auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von mit Stahl 316 plattierten MetallenAustenitische Plattierungen mit Stahl 316 wurden durch Schutzgas-Metall-Lichtbogenschweißen und Unterpulverschweißen mit Elektroden aus 316 L auf niedrig gekohltem Kesselblech (SA 515 Gr 60) hergestellt, wobei Stahl 309 L als Sperrschicht mittels Unterpulverschwei-ßen aufgebracht wurde. Der Wärmeeintrag beim Schweißen wurde variiert, um in der Plattierung unterschiedliche Ferritgehalte einzustellen. Die plattierten Proben wurden nach dem Schweißen wärmebehandelt (650°C, 50 und 200 h). Die oberste Plattierungsschicht wurde abgetragen und die Proben anschließend auf Anfälligkeit für interkristalline Korrosion untersucht (ASTM A-262-75, A, B, C und E, d.h. 10% Oxalsäure, elektrolytisch, Eisensulfat + 50% ige Schwefelsäure; 65%ige Salpetersäure; Kupfer/Kupfersulfat -16%ige Schwefelsäure); außerdem wurde auch ein ätzversuch bei kontrolliertem Potential durchgefüuhrt.Die Untersuchung hat gezeigt, daß der Ferritgehalt der Plattierung mit zunehmender Stromstärke abnimmt. Der Anteil des umgewandelten Ferrits nach der Wärmebehandlung nach dem Schweißen war in den Plattierungen mit niedrigem Wärmeeintrag und hohem Ferritgehalt etwas erhöht. Die Wärmebehandlung im Anschluß an das Schweißen führte zum Sprödbruch von Plattierungen mit hohem Ferritgehalt (〉 als 10%).Der Korrosionsangriff des Ferrits ist abhängig vom jeweiligen Medium: 65% ige Schwefelsäure treibt den Ferrit bevorzugt an, während in Eisensulfat-Schwefelsäure der Ferrit intakt bleibt, der Austenit hingegen angegriffen wird. Keine der untersuchten Proben war im unbehandelten Plattierungszustand oder nach Wärmebehandlung anfällig für interkristalline Korrosion in Kupfer/Kupfersulfat -16% Schwefelsäure. Proben mit niedrigem Ferritgehalt (3,55%), die nach dem Schweißen wärmebehandelt wurde, wiesen an der Grenzfläche zwischen zwei benachbarten Schichten Korngrenzenausscheidungen auf. Im allgemeinen hat sich der Ferrit als günstig für das Korrosions-verhalten von plattierten Metallen nach Wärmebehandlung erwiesen. Der Wärmeeintrag im untersuchten Bereich führte zu keiner wesentlichen Beeinflussung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit.
    Notes: Austenitic claddings of type 316 were obtained by SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) and SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) processes, using type 316 L electrodes on low carbon boiler steel (SA 515 Gr 60) with type 309 L as a barrier layer deposited by the SAW process. Welding heat input was changed in order to obtain different ferrite contents in the cladding. The clad samples were post-weld heat treated at 650°C for 50 and 200 h. The top layer of the cladding was removed and the specimens were then subjected to intergranular corrosion tests (ASTM A-262-75, practices A, B, C and E, viz. 10% oxalic acid electrolytic etch; ferric sulfate -50% sulfuric acid; 65% nitric acid and copper-copper sulfate -16% sulfuric acid tests) and controlled potential etching test.The study indicated that the ferrite content of the cladding decreases with increasing current. Ferrite transformed after PWHT (post weld heat treatment) was relatively more in claddings obtained with low heat input and containing high ferrite content in the as-clad condition. PWHT led to brittle fracture of high ferrite claddings (above 10 FN).The corrosion attack of ferrite was found to depend on environment. 65% nitric acid attacked ferrite preferentially, whereas in acid-ferric sulfate, ferrite was intact and austenite was attacked. No sample exhibited susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in the as-clad or PWHT conditions in the copper-copper sulfate -16% acid test. However, PWHT specimens with low ferrite contents (3.55 FN) exhibited grain boundary precipitation at the interface of two adjacent layers. In general, ferrite was found to be beneficial in controlling corrosion rates of clad metals after PWHT. Heat input, within the range studied, did not affect the corrosion rates significantly.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Koordinationspolymere von 5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-naphthochinon mit Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) wurden hergestellt und durch Elementaranalyse, DSC, IR-Spektroskopie und Messung der magnetischen Momente charakterisiert. Aus den DSC-Daten wurden die Reaktionsordnungen und die Aktivierungsenergien des thermischen Abbaus der Polymeren berechnet. Die elektrischen Eigenschaften wie Dielektrizitätskonstante und Wechselstromleitfähigkeit wurden gemessen. Aus Röntgen-Pulverdiagrammen wurden die Elementarzellenparameter berechnet und die Kristallsymmetrie bestimmt.
    Notes: Coordination polymers of Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) with 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and magnetic moment studies. From DSC data, the order of the decomposition reaction and the activation energy for the decomposition of the different polymers have been evaluated. Electrical properties like the dielectric constant and the dc conductivity of the polymers have been measured. From x-ray powder diffractograms cell parameters were calculated, the pattern indexed, and the symmetry determined.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1287-1293 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Kinetic studies were carried out on the reaction between ethylenediamine and C21 cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid, prepared from dehydrated castor oil fatty acids and acrylic acid, in melt phase. The reaction was performed at six different temperatures ranging from 210 to 260°C and followed by determining the acid value of the product. The polyamidation reaction was found to follow an overall third order kinetics with an activation energy of 15.5 kcal/g mol.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 935-945 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oxoalkyl acrylates of long-chain 7-oxo alcohols were synthesized as intermediate monomers for the preparation of poly[n-alkyl (oxy) -n-hexyl acrylates] for the first time. These polymers have wide applications as fluidity improvers (pour point depressants) for petroleum crude oils. Characterization of all the intermediate monomers was done by IR, 1H-NMR, and MS, and that of polymers by IR, 1H-NMR, and GPC. These polymers were systematically investigated for their efficacy as pour point depressants on three types of high waxy Bombay High (Indian) crudes. In addition to establishing the pour points, relevant rheological parameters of the untreated and the additive-treated crude oils were determined in the laboratory with a rotational viscometer. Results of the crude oils that were pre- and posttreated with these new polymers have shown enhanced activity of flow properties as compared to the crudes that were treated with poly(n-alkyl acrylate) flow improver.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Kinetics of radiation-induced grafting of acrylamide (Aam) and acrylic acid (Aa) to nylon 6 fabric were investigated employing a mutual radiation technique. Copper sulfate was used as the radical scavenger to reduce homopolymer formation. Formic acid was used for swelling, and its effect on grafting was studied. Maximum amount of grafting was doubled when formic acid was used for swelling nylon prior to, but not during, irradiation. The rate of grafting was not significantly affected if it was carried out in an atmosphere of air instead of nitrogen. The effect of monomer concentration, dose rate, and total dose on grafting has been studied. Rate of grafting was significantly higher when lower dose rates and monomer concentrations were used. Saturation grafting was proportional to monomer concentration up to 2.1M. Initial rate of grafting was proportional to monomer concentration. The rate of grafting of Aam was proportional to the dose rate to the power 0.25-1.0. A synergestic effect was noticed during grafting with mixtures of Aam and Aa (80:20; 20:80). Grafted fabrics showed considerable increase in moisture regain. Dyeability and tensile properties of the grafted fabrics were not significantly affected by grafting. Aa-grafted fabrics did not melt up to 320°C, whereas untreated nylon melts at 215°C.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2761-2767 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electrical conductivity of polypropylene fibers grafted with methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, and acrylonitrile for the samples conditioned at various relative humidities is reported. Electrical conductivity increases with the increase in graft in all three grafted polymers. The increase in conductivity of polypropylene fibers grafted with methacrylic acid is two orders of magnitude higher than control, while the increase in other cases in small. The results are explained on the basis of chemical structure of the grafted fibers. Increase in electrical conductivity with respect to methacrylic acid graft could be due to charge migration and electronic conductivity. In the case of the other two monomer-grafted PPs, increase could be predominantly due to electronic conduction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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