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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carrier pocket engineering applied to "strained" Si/Ge superlattices to design useful thermoelectric materials (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2438-2440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The concept of carrier pocket engineering is applied to strained Si/Ge superlattices to obtain a large thermoelectric figure of merit ZT. In this system, the effect of the lattice strain at the Si/Ge interfaces provides another degree of freedom to control the conduction band structure of the superlattice. We explore various geometries and structures to optimize ZT for the whole three-dimensional superlattice. The resultant ZT, calculated for a symmetrized Si(20 Å)/Ge(20 Å) superlattice grown on a (111) oriented Si0.5Ge0.5 substrate, is 0.96 at 300 K and is shown to increase significantly at elevated temperatures. Such a superlattice can be grown using molecular beam epitaxy. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carrier pocket engineering to design superior thermoelectric materials using GaAs/AlAs superlattices (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2950-2952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A large enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit for the whole superlattice, Z3DT, is predicted for short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattices relative to bulk GaAs. Various superlattice parameters (superlattice growth direction, superlattice period, and layer thicknesses) are explored to optimize Z3DT, including quantum well states formed from carrier pockets at various high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. The highest room-temperature Z3DT obtained in the present calculation is 0.41 at the optimum carrier concentration for either (001)- or (111)-oriented GaAs (20 Å)/AlAs (20 Å) superlattices, which is about 50 times greater than the corresponding ZT for bulk GaAs. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122640
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing Symmetric and Oblique Bragg Reflections in Rigid Channel-Cut Crystals (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 568-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Because the Bragg angle and Darwin range of total reflection in symmetric and oblique Bragg reflections vary with the angle between the Bragg planes and the crystal surface, it is generally believed that the resulting mismatch causes a loss of intensity in monolithic channel-cut crystals that is unacceptable in practice. It has been discovered that in the unique case of the 220 Bragg reflection from germanium no mismatch occurs, so that oblique and symmetric reflections can be mixed in one rigid channel-cut crystal. The results are valid for both X-ray and neutron channel-cut monochromators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895003992
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a High-Flux- and High-Temperature-Set-Up Bonse–Hart Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS) Diffractometer (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 29 (1996), S. 318-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The conventional Bonse–Hart ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) diffractometer utilizes an asymmetric forecrystal in front of the symmetric grooved crystal in order to increase the flux collected from an X-ray source. To avoid the intensity loss resulting from mixing asymmetric and symmetric Bragg reflections, the forecrystal is carefully aligned with respect to the grooved crystal in such a way that the rocking curves from the asymmetric and symmetric Bragg reflections completely overlap. Our new monochromator for USAXS utilizes both asymmetric and symmetric Bragg reflections in the same rigid monolithic channel-cut 220 germanium crystal. It is therefore stable over a wide temperature range from 258 to 573 K without the use of a special constructing material with a very small thermal-expansion coefficient such as Super Invar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895016669
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the mRNA for Types I and II Interleukin-1 Receptors in Dental Tissues of Mice During Tooth Development (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ameloblasts — Odontoblasts — IL-1 receptors —In situ hybridization — Tooth development.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) can exert its pleiotropic effects on nearly every tissue by binding to its cognate receptor. Two types of IL-1 receptors have been identified. A large number of cell types have been shown to possess IL-1 receptors in vitro and in vivo, but few studies have addressed the question of expression in dental tissues in vivo. Using in situ hybridization in normal newborn, young and adult mice, we have examined the cellular distribution of both types of IL-1 receptors in dental tissues. In the ameloblast layer of incisors and molars, the mRNA for the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI) and the type II IL-1 receptor (IL-1RII) was detected at the presecretory stage. The expression level markedly increased and remained during amelogenesis at the secretory stage. At the maturation stage, however, the transcripts for both IL-1RI and -II mRNA disappeared. Expression of IL-1RI and -II mRNA was also observed in odontoblasts after crown morphogenesis had been completed, and continued in these cells during dentinogenesis. No transcripts were detected in stratum intermedium cells and other cells in dental follicle, stellate reticulum, dental papilla, or pulp. Additionally, both types of IL-1R mRNA were also detected in osteoclasts on surfaces of alveolar bone. These results demonstrated for the first time that enamel-secreting ameloblasts and dentine-secreting odontoblasts express IL-1RI and -II mRNA, suggesting that IL-1 plays a regulatory role in the function of ameloblasts and odontoblasts during tooth development of mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900539
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quaternary structure-dependent idiotope and antigen binding of a monoclonal antibody specific for conformational epitope on type II collagen (1997)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 53 (1997), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Protein-protein interaction; higher-order structure; anti-idiotypic antibody; type II collagen; autoimmune arthritis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We previously generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a putative pathogenic epitope on native type II collagen (CII) for the induction of collagen-induced arthritis in mice (mAb1), and an anti-idiotypic mAb which appears to possess the internal image of the CII epitope (mAb2). In the present study, the structural basis of the antigen/mAb1 and mAb1/mAb2 interactions was examined. When partially SH-reduced mAb1 was analysed on Western blots, only fragments containing both heavy (H) and light (L) chains were recognized by mAb2. When mAb2 was partially SH-reduced, only fragments containing both H and L chains were recognized by mAb1. H and L chains were separated from mAb1 in a reduced, denatured condition, and each chain and a mixture of the two were refolded. mAb2 reacted specifically to the renatured whole IgG molecule of mAb1, but not to the refolded L or to H chains. Recombinant single chain Fv (scFv) generated from mAb1 and mAb2 had properties of the original mAbs, whereas genetical ly constructed chimeric scFvs, consisting of VH from mAb1 and an irrelevant VL , or VL of mAb1 and an irrelevant VH , did not react either to CII or to mAb2. Thus, interactions among CII, mAb1 and mAb2 appear to depend on quaternary structures containing different protein subunits. These observations support the internal image property of the mAb2. In addition, this dependency on quaternary structure for recognition of proteins may also be relevant to other protein-protein interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000579
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dimensional thermoelectric materials (1999)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 41 (1999), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The promise of low dimensional thermoelectric materials for enhanced performance is reviewed, with particular attention given to quantum wells and quantum wires. The high potential of bismuth as a low-dimensional thermoelectric material is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1130849
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models for low-dimensional thermoelectricity (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of computer-aided materials design 4 (1998), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Keywords: Semiconductor ; Multiple quantum wells ; Superlattices ; Thermoelectricity ; Figure of merit ; ZT ; Bi2Te3 ; PbTe ; GaAs/AlAs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Enhanced thermoelectric performance, expressed in terms of the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), has been predicted theoretically for low-dimensional electronic systems under appropriate experimental conditions. Enhanced ZT has been observed experimentally within 2D quantum wells of PbTe, and good agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained. The advantages of low-dimensional systems for thermoelectric applications are described, and prospects for further enhancement of ZT are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008684415914
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conductivity effect of polyaniline addition to poly(ethylene oxide) electrolyte film containing lithium perchlorate (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 225-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274457
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation of ordering processes in block copolymers (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 106 (1997), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Block copolymer ; ordering processes ; lamellar phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Block copolymer (BCP) systems possess a rich variety of microdomain structures; lamellar, cylindrical, spherical and other bicontinuous structures, which have been extensively studied experimentally and theoretically. On the other hand, there are a few works on the dynamics of ordering processes near the order-disorder transition (ODT) in BCP. Therefore, we investigate the dynamical properties of diblock copolymers by using a computer simulation method. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau-type equation with a long-range repulsive interaction is applied for the order-parameter defined as a difference in the local concentration between the two kinds of monomers. This model has three important parameters; strength of repulsive interaction, strength of noise, and block ratio. In the present study, we especially focus on the effects of the noise strength on the lamellar phase near the ODT point in two dimensions and on the formation of the lamellar phase after the system is quenched from the disordered state to the state just below the ODT point. As for the equilibrium phase behavior, we found that the lamellar phase near the ODT point destroyed by noise and fluctuation-induced disordered state is formed, which is different from the disordered phase in the mean-field theory. We also clarified the process of the formation of the lamellar phase after the system is quenched from the disordered state to the state just below the ODT point. The shape of the lamellar grains is consistent with that obtained by the experiments for polystyrene-block-polyisoprene copolymers [Hashimoto et al. (1996) Phys. Rev. E 54:5832].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189506
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