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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEM investigations of the early stages of TiAl oxidation (1996)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 46 (1996), S. 255-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: electron diffraction ; intermetallic ; oxidation ; TEM ; titanium aluminide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The early stages of TiAl oxidation at 900°C and 1000°C in air have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The investigations revealed that at the beginning of oxidation, i.e., after 4 min, TiO2 and Al2O3 grow in a preferential orientation on the γ-TiAl substrate. After 4 h of oxidation an oxide scale structure can already be found similar to that known from long-term oxidation. In addition, besides α-Al2O3, the formation of a second aluminum oxide phase and of titanium nitrides is observed. The processes at the metal-oxide interface of oxidation in the early stages, consisting of a repeated cycle of Al2O3 formation, Al2O3 dissolution, outward migration of Al through the scale, and reprecipitation of Al2O3 in the outer scale, are described by a model. The four stages observed in the kinetics of TiAl oxidation are explained on the basis of the results obtained and the structure of the oxide scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050799
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of the intermetallics MoSi2 and TiSi2—A comparison (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 139-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; MoSi2 ; TiSi2 ; air ; oxygen ; O and Si transport in SiO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of two MoSi2 variants, one Mo-rich and one Si-rich, and TiSi2 was investigated between 1000 and 1400°C in air, oxygen and an 80/20-Ar/O2 mixture. A protective SiO2 scale develops on MoSi2 in all atmospheres in the temperature range investigated. The SiO2 modification changes around 1300°C from tridymite to cristobalite. This change in SiO2 modification seems to cause an enhanced formation of SiO2 and evaporation of MoO3. The SiO2 grows at the MoSi2-scale interface. In air a two-layer scale grows on TiSi2 between about 1000 and 1200°C with an inner inwards growing fine-grain mixture of SiO2 + TiO2 and an outer outward-growing TiO2 partial layer. TiN formation in the transient oxidation is responsible for the formation of the inner mixed partial layer because in N -free atmospheres a scale of a SiO2 matrix with some Ti oxide precipitates inside is formed. A one-layer scale structure similar as that in N-free atmosphere is found on TiSi2 in air at T 〉 1200°C. In oxygen the TiO2 precipitates grow as needles mostly oriented perpendicular to the surface. Due to the faster oxygen transport in TiO2 compared with SiO2, these TiO2 needles act as “oxygen pipes,” causing an enhanced oxidation of TiSi2 in front of these needles. The SiO2 scale dissolves about 1–2% TiO2. This doping causes a mixed oxygenand Si transport with the consequence that the SiO2 scale on TiSi2 grows partly by oxygen transport inwards and Si transport outwards. The SiO2 modification is cristobalite over the entire temperature range investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682375
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the transport properties of silicon dioxide due to doping by foreign ions (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: silicon dioxide ; disorder ; doping ; Ti oxides ; co-dissolution of oxides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the model that in the intrinsic disorder of SiO2 oxygen-ion vacancies dominate at low oxygen pressure and oxygen-ion interstitials at high oxygen pressure, a model is presented which explains the formation of mobile interstitial silicon ions preferentially at high oxygen pressure by doping of SiO2 with Ti3+ and/or Ti2+ ions. Analogously an attempt has been made to understand an increase in the solubility of MoO3 in SiO2 by Al2O3 dissolved in SiO2. Doping and co-dissolution are in particular to be expected in the oxidation of SiO2 forming ceramics because SiO2 has very probable dissolved impurities of the ceramic or/and sinter additives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01668510
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface analysis using ultrashort laser pulses and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 353 (1995), S. 575-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An all-optical mass spectrometric system is presented which combines the advantages of picosecond-laser desorption and post-ionization with the high performance of a time-of-flight mass-spectrometer. System studies show directly that the ionization process is saturated at focal power densities of about 1012W/cm2. The saturated ionization is used to quantificate the amount of desorbed particles. Typical desorption rates far below one single monolayer per laser pulse could been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321326
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The science and engineering of materials. Von Donald R. Askeland, 3. Ausgabe, 854 Seiten, zahlreiche Abbildungen, Chapman and Hall, London 1995, £ 24.99. ISBN 0-412-53910-1 (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 287-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960470517
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature materials chemistry. Hrsg. von B. C. H. Steele, 288 Seiten, The Institute of Materials, London 1995, £ 60.00, ISBN 0-901716-55-3 (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 401-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960470710
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to power metallurgy. Von F. Thümmler und R. Oberacker, 384 Seiten, The Institute of Materials, London 1993, £ 45.00, ISBN 0-9017-16-26-X (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 461-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960470810
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of materials in mechanical design - analysis, prediction, prevention. Von J. A. Collins, XVIII, 654 S., zahlreiche Abb., J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993, $ 86.50, ISBN 0-471-55891-5 (1995)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 183-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19950460314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Materials sciences and technology - A comprehensive treatment. Hrsg. von R. W. Cahn, P. Hassen, E. J. Kramer, VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim 1996 Bände 8, 17A und 17B. Vol. 8, DM 498,00, ISBN 3-527-26821-9, Vol. 17A/B - DM 380,00, ISBN 3 - 527 -26830-8/-29356-6 (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 521-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960470909
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamentals of TiAl oxidation - A critical reviewDedicated to Professor Dr. H. J. Grabke on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1995)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 271-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Grundlagen der TiAl-Oxidation - Eine kritische ÜbersichtDie Arbeit gibt eine kritische Betrachtung der Kenntnisse über die Oxidation von TiAl. Einleitend wird auf Unterschiede im Vergleich zur Oxidation konventioneller Fe. Ni und Co-Legierungen hingewiesen. Die derzeitigen Kenntnisse über das Phasendiagramm Ti—Al—O als Basis für das Verständnis der bei der Oxidation ablaufenden Prozesse sind sehr unvollständig. Im Aufbau der Oxidschicht können drei Grenzfälle unterschieden werden, die als Funktion der Zit nacheinander durchlaufen werden. Stickstoff kann offensichtlich zwei Effekte auslösen, abhängig vom Zeitpunkt der Zugabe zum Reaktionsgas. Die Mikrostruktur kann einen starken Einfluß haben und andere Einflüsse wie die von Legierungselementen verdecken. Der Einfluß von Legierungselementen wird derzeit nicht verstanden. Damit sind auch keine sinnvollen Vorhersagen möglich. Mechanische Belastungen verursachen ein Aufreißen der Oxidschicht, die jedoch eine beachtliche Ausheilfähigkeit für Oxidschichtrisse hat.
    Notes: The paper critically reviews the state of the art on the oxidation of TiAl. At the beginning differences compared to the oxidation of conventional Fe, Ni and Co alloys are discussed. The Knowledge of the Ti—Al—O phase diagram as a basis for an understanding of the processes occurring during oxidation is very incomplete. Three different scale structures can be distinguished as functions of time or scale thickness. In the sub-surface zone two phases with high oxygen solubilities can be identified after a certain time. These phases do not follow from the existing phase diagram. Nitrogen can have two different effects depending on the time it is added to the oxidation environment. The micro-structure also affects the oxidation behaviour significantly, so this effect can lead to a misinterpretation of the influence of other parameters such as alloying elements. The influence of alloying elements is not yet understood. Mechanical loading leads to scale cracking, however, the system has a significant scale repair capacity, though about twothirds of the scale grows by inwards transport.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19950460503
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