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  • 1995-1999  (109)
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  • 1
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    Cytotoxic T lymphocyte lysis inhibited by viable HIV mutants (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: Immune evasion by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unexplained but may involve the mutation of viral antigens. When cytotoxic T lymphocytes engaged CD4-positive cells that were acutely infected with HIV bearing natural variant epitopes in reverse transcriptase, substantial inhibition of specific antiviral lysis was observed. Mutant viruses capable of these transactive effects could facilitate the persistence of a broad range of HIV variants in the face of an active and specific immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meier, U C -- Klenerman, P -- Griffin, P -- James, W -- Koppe, B -- Larder, B -- McMichael, A -- Phillips, R -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1360-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigenic Variation ; Base Sequence ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Cell Line ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Epitopes/genetics ; HIV Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; HIV-1/enzymology/genetics/*immunology ; HLA-B8 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative map of wild rice (Zizania palustris L. 2n=2x=30) (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 793-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words RFLPs ; Synteny ; Oryza ; Oat ; Map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We present the first genetic map of wild rice (Zizania palustris L., 2n=2x=30), a native aquatic grain of northern North America. This map is composed principally of previously mapped RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) genetic markers from rice (Oryza sativa 2n=2x=24). The map is important as a foundation for genetic and crop improvement studies as well as a reference for genome organization comparisons among species of Gramineae. A comparative mapping approach with rice is especially useful because wild rice is grouped in the same subfamily, Oryzoideae, and no other mapping comparison has yet been made within the subfamily. As rice is the reference point for mapping and gene cloning in cereals, establishing a consensus map within the subfamily identifies conserved and unique regions. The genomes of wild rice and rice differ in total DNA content (wild rice has twice that of rice) and the number of chromosome pairs (wild rice=15 versus rice=12). The wild rice linkage map reported herein consists of 121 RFLP markers on 16 linkage groups spanning 1805 cM. Two linkage groups consist of only two markers. Colinear markers were found representing all rice linkage groups except #12. The majority of rice loci mapped to colinearly arranged arrays in wild rice (92 of 118). Features of the map include duplication of portions of three rice linkage groups and three possible translocations. The map gives basic information on the composition of the wild rice genome and provides tools to assist in the domestication of this important food source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051298
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic permanent magnet focusing of an annular electron beam and its application to a 250 MW ubitron free-electron maser (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 4332-4337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stable electron beam flow is shown to exist for an annular electron beam within a coaxial periodic permanent magnet wiggler and transmission line with zero guide field. When the beam is properly centered near the magnetic minimum of the wiggler, a condition exists where the magnetic radial force balances the space-charge repulsion of the beam. The stability condition relating the electron beam current to the magnetic field strength in terms of the plasma frequency, wiggler cyclotron frequency and relativistic Lorentz factor is ω2p=(γ/2)Ω2w, which is the same stability condition found for Brillouin flow in a uniform magnetic field and for focused beam flow along periodic dipole magnetic fields. The radial scallop of an annular electron beam satisfying this condition can be extremely low. Although this propagation technique can be utilized for any high power coaxial linear-beam device, it is most appropriate for free electron masers. Using parameters satisfying the stability condition, a 500 kV, 1 kA, TE01 ubitron free-electron maser design is presented that is predicted to generate 250 MW at 11.4 GHz. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870988
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the optical phase change memory alloy, Ag–V–In–Sb–Te, determined by optical spectroscopy and electron diffraction (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3214-3218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structure of the optical phase change memory alloy, silver–vanadium–indium–antimony–tellurium (AVIST), has been investigated by the methods of optical reflectivity change, Raman spectroscopy, and electron diffraction. In order to identify each phase, Sb, AgSb, AgSbTe, and AgInTe films were also studied. The Raman spectrum of an AVIST thin film annealed at 523 K for 1 h in Ar gas, shows two main broad peaks around 116 and 150 cm−1. These peaks appear to be related to Sb vibration modes in the AVIST alloy, but their relative intensities are reversed for the AVIST films in comparison with those for a Sb film. Furthermore, in AVIST, the peak at 116 cm−1 shifts to lower wave number when the vanadium content is increased from 0.4 to 4.7 at %. The electron diffraction pattern of AVIST alloy indicates that the AgSbTe2 crystalline phase dominates rather than Sb. A model of the structure of AVIST consistent with these observations is proposed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365627
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond transient photoinduced transmission measurements on a novel conjugated zinc porphyrin system (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 805-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a comparative study on the ultrafast nonlinear optical response of a novel conjugated zinc porphyrin system. The linear optical absorption spectra of these molecules all show the Q-band and B-band transitions of the basic porphyrin unit. We have taken spectrally resolved ultrafast pump–probe measurements on monomer, dimer, and polymer solutions, which allows us to compare their excited state dynamics and relate these to their linear optical absorption. The spectra show several common features, but these features have markedly different decay dynamics. The bleaching is preferential in the Q band for the polymer and the B band for the monomer. The polymer Q-band bleaching shows a two-component decay, of approximately 700 fs and 170±50 ps time constants in a biexponential fit, which we attribute to both exciton–exciton annihilation and exciton diffusion to recombination centers on the polymer chain. The Q band of the dimer also has a two-component decay with 13±5 and 1250±70 ps time constants which we attribute to rotational diffusion of the excited molecule in solution, and decay to the ground state, respectively. The B-band bleaching in the monomer is long lived and has a decay constant of approximately 3.5±0.5 ns; from the absorption recovery of the B band we estimate a triplet yield of 0.8. All molecules exhibit broad π*−π* absorptions in the visible spectral region (between the Q band and the B band). In particular, we show that the monomer has potential as a broadband optical limiter in the visible region from 455 (2.72 eV) to 620 nm (2.00 eV); we estimate that its excited state absorption cross section is 8.5 times that of its ground state cross section at 532 nm (2.33 eV). There is also clear evidence of triplet transitions in the dimer and monomer; the triplet absorption feature ranging from 940 (1.32 eV) to 1000 nm (1.24 eV) rises 10 ps after excitation in the dimer which suggests a short intersystem-crossing time. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470805
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biexcitonic contribution to polarization-dependent degenerate four-wave mixing in GaAs quantum wells (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements of the polarization and time-averaged intensity of four-wave mixing signals from GaAs quantum wells as functions of the pump beam polarizations, laser photon energy, and optical injection density, the latter covering a range of higher levels than has previously been reported. Excitation of heavy-hole excitons produced a sin2 variation of the signal intensity as the pump beam polarizations changed from parallel to perpendicular, while injection of light-hole excitons led to an approximately cos2 dependence. The tuning dependence of the heavy-hole-exciton signal revealed a low-energy signal which is attributed to biexcitons. The dominance of this signal for perpendicular polarization causes the observed sin2 variation of the heavy-hole-exciton signal. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114679
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in genetic diversity during seven cycles of recurrent selection for grainyield in oat, Avena sativa L. (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Variability for desirable alleles within elite breeding populations is a requirement for long-term genetic improvement. Changes in genetic diversity were evaluated in a recurrent selection programme for enhanced grain yield in oat, Avena sativa L., using coefficient of parentage (rp) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) based genetic similarity (S) estimates. Both rp and s increased during seven cycles of recurrent selection, indicating a reduction in the level of genetic diversity within the population. The relationship between genetic diversity and agronomic performance was also examined. Genetic similarity measures were poor predictors of the near-homozygous progeny performance and general and specific combining ability effects for three agronomic traits in the recurrent selection programme. In addition, there was no apparent trend for preferential selection of progeny from either more similar or more diverse parents within a given cycle of selection. The overall reduction in genetic diversity in this population has not affected selection response for grain yield. Variability remaining at important loci or de novo variation are possible explanations for the continued selection progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.118001037.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomeric Poly(benzophenone)s: Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Poly(4,4'-benzophenone) and Amorphous Poly(2,5-benzophenone), a Soluble Poly(p-phenylene) Derivative. [Erratum to document cited in CA120:271297] (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 3012-3012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a062
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological Aspects of Secondary Crystallization in Poly(ether-ester) Multiblock Copolymers (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 5734-5744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00121a007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence supporting the paraphyly of Hucho (Salmonidae) based on ribosomal DNA restriction maps (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Relationships among the less derived genera in the subfamily Salmoninae were investigated by phylogenetic analysis of data from restriction maps of the ribosomal DNA using Osmerus mordax (rainbow smelt), Coregonus hoyi (bloater), and Thymattus arcticus (Arctic grayling) as outgroups. Analysis of the results suggests that Hucho h. taimen is more closely related to Brachymystax lenok (lenok) than to Hucho perryi (Sakhalin taimen) and that B. lenok and Hucho h. taimen (Eurasian taimen) form the most ancestral clade of the Salmoninae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06021.x
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