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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulation of electron trapping in sapphire (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3263-3267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Most phenomenological aspects of energy storage and release in dielectric materials caused by the charge trapping mechanism have recently been rationalized using the space charge model. We studied dynamical aspects by performing molecular dynamics simulations. We show that an excess electron introduced into the sapphire lattice (α-Al2O3) can be trapped only at a limited number of sites. The energy gained by allowing the electron to localize in these sites is of the order of 4–5 eV, agreeing well with the results of the space charge model. Displacements of the neighboring ions due to the implanted charge are shown to be localized in a small region of about 5 Å. Detrapping is observed at 250 K. The ionic displacements turn out to play an important role in modifying the potential landscape by dynamically lowering the barriers that cause localization at low temperatures. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364159
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of the relative permittivity of charged dielectrics (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 317-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The variation of the relative permittivity of charged dielectrics with trapped charge density has been investigated by a time-resolved current method, in conjunction with a mirror image method employing a scanning electron microscope. The calculation is made by a mathematical expression derived from classical electromagnetic theory. It is found that the relative permittivity of the charged area in the polymethylmethacrylate sample increases with the trapped charge density and saturates at a certain value of the trapped charge density. These observations have been discussed by analogy with the dielectric saturation occurring at a high applied external electric field. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120723
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation free energy of clusters in vapor-liquid nucleation: A Monte Carlo simulation study (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 4471-4476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation free energy of clusters in a supersaturated vapor is obtained by a constrained Monte Carlo technique. A key feature of this approach is to set an upper limit to the size of cluster. This maximum cluster size serves essentially as an extra thermodynamic variable that constrains the system. As a result, clusters larger than the critical cluster of nucleation in the supersaturated vapor can no longer grow beyond the limiting size. Like changing the overall density of the system, changing the maximum cluster size also results in a different supersaturation and thereby a different formation free energy. However, at the same supersaturation and temperature it is found that the formation free energy has a unique value, independent of the upper limit of cluster size. The predicted size of critical cluster of nucleation is found to be consistent with the nucleation theorem as well as previous results using different simulation approaches. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478331
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of the center-of-mass fluctuation of a liquid cluster to the free energy: A Monte Carlo simulation study (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 4683-4684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monte Carlo simulation method is used to calculate the Helmholtz free energies of liquid cluster with boundary fixed in laboratory frame and a fluctuating center-of-mass (CM) and with a fixed boundary centered on a fixed CM. The former type of cluster is called drop conventionally and the latter type is the so-called Lee–Barker–Abraham (LBA) cluster. The free energy difference between the drop and the LBA cluster characterizes the free energy contribution due to the CM fluctuation. The simulation result is close to the theoretical estimate of Reiss, Katz, and Cohen than that of Abraham and co-workers. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475879
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of uniform electric field on homogeneous vapor–liquid nucleation and phase equilibria. II. Extended simple point charge model water (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 2533-2538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of a uniform electric field on homogeneous vapor–liquid nucleation of the extended simple point charge (SPC/E) model water have been simulated. A grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation approach [I. Kusaka et al., J. Chem. Phys. 108, 3416 (1998)], which directly gives the equilibrium distribution of physical clusters, is employed to calculate the formation free energy of the SPC/E water cluster. The results show that the formation free energy is lowered in a uniform field if the chemical potential of the supersaturated vapor is fixed; in this case, the field enhances the rate of nucleation. However, if the vapor supersaturation or pressure is fixed, the formation free energy increases with the field, that is, the field reduces the rate of nucleation. This conclusion is consistent with an earlier study using the i/v cluster theory for weakly dipolar Stockmayer fluid in a uniform field (Part I). A byproduct of this work is the vapor–liquid coexistence (binodal) of the SPC/E water in the presence of the electric field. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477959
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward a molecular theory of vapor-phase nucleation. V. Self-consistency in the decoupled dimer limit (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 1242-1246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The i/v cluster theory of vapor phase nucleation has been presented in a series of papers of which the present paper is No. V. The theory has experienced some evolution throughout this series. In the first paper an attempt was made to use the classical cluster of Lee, Barker, and Abraham (LBA cluster) that is so attractive for computer simulation. Among other things, that theory uses a so-called "shell molecule" that does not interact with the remaining molecules of the cluster. We show that this "decoupling" of the shell molecule leads to a result that is not internally consistent in the sense that dimers (which are really single vapor molecules) do not have the right concentration. We show how to repair this inconsistency so that the decoupling approximation can be used and, with it, the useful LBA cluster. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474135
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of a uniform electric field on homogeneous vapor–liquid nucleation in a dipolar fluid. I. Stockmayer fluid (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 8435-8441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of homogeneous vapor–liquid nucleation is controlled mainly by the Gibbs formation free energy of critical clusters. Within the framework of the i/v cluster theory of Reiss and co-workers, the formation free energies of Stockmayer clusters in the presence of a uniform electric field are determined. The Helmholtz free energy of the clusters, an input required in the i/v cluster theory, is calculated via Monte Carlo simulations. The most significant result is that as a uniform electric field is applied the formation free energy at fixed supersaturation of the vapor becomes larger than that in the absence of a field, whereas at fixed chemical potential the formation free energy becomes smaller. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of the phenoxy herbicide MCPA by microbial consortia isolated from a rice field (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 55 (1995), S. 539-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196033
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose, a new fluorescent derivative of glucose, for viability assessment of yeast Candida albicans (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 46 (1996), S. 400-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new fluorescent derivative of d-glucose, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG), which had been previously developed for the analysis of glucose uptake activity by living cells, was investigated to evaluate its applicability for assaying the viability of yeast Candida albicans. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed the uptake of 2-NBDG to be competitively inhibited by d-glucose and not by l-glucose, which suggested the involvement of the glucose transporting system of C. albicans in the uptake of 2-NBDG. A good correlation was obtained between the yeast viability, determined by the plate-count method, and the 2-NBDG uptake activity of yeast cells (correlation constant: r=0.97). This is expected to lead to the development of a new fluorescent probe for the determination of yeast cell viability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166236
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission of the effect of an antifungal agent within a single hypha (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A micro-compartment culture method was devised in which a single hypha of Rhizopus stolonifer growing on an agar section traversed an antifungal non-diffusible barrier to another agar section; thus the local environment of the distal or proximal part of the hypha could be controlled independently. The responses in terms of hyphal extension of the test fungus to local application of amphotericin B in this culture system were estimated by using an automatic analysing system. After hyphae had traversed the barrier, distal application of amphotericin B caused no appreciable effect on the proximal hyphae. In contrast, proximal application of amphotericin B caused inhibition of the extension of distal hyphae. The reversal of polarized cytoplasmic streaming also occurred during the inhibition of distal hyphal extension. The extents of inhibition of the distal hyphal extension and the cytoplasmic streaming were dependent upon the hyphal distance between the amphotericin B application site and the hyphal tip. These results show that the effect of an antifungal agent on a hypha depends on the region of the hypha exposed. Cytoplasmic streaming may play key role in the transmission of antifungal effects within a single hypha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050584
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