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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9221-9223 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Josephson junctions and dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been fabricated in ex situ epitaxial Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 films on bicrystal LaAlO3 substrates with symmetric 32° [001] tilt grain boundaries. The critical temperature Tc, of the junctions was in the range 105–107 K and the critical current densities at 77 K varied between 3×102 and 3×104 A/cm2, two or three orders of magnitude less than those of the film. The I–V curves are described by a resistively shunted junction model. Close to Tc, the temperature dependence of the critical current was described by (1−T/Tc)2. The flux noise spectra SΦ(f) of dc SQUIDs were measured in the locked-loop regime with constant current bias at temperatures up to 94 K. The white noise level was 50μΦ0/(square root of)Hz at 77 K. The crossover frequency to 1/f noise was low, about 5 Hz, and the flux noise level at 1 Hz was 440μΦ0/(square root of)Hz. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 10896-10904 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generalized Förster theory is presented which includes reorientation of the interacting molecules. The stochastic master equation is, for the first time, derived from the stochastic Liouville equation, so that it accounts for the molecular origin to the stochastic transitions rates. A formal solution to the stochastic master equation is given. This equation is compared with its truncated cumulant expansion. The second-order cumulant contains the correlation function 〈κ2(0)κ2(t)〉, where κ denotes the orientational dependence on dipole–dipole coupling. The solution of the master equation is used to formulate the time-dependent fluorescence anisotropy, which is the relevant observable of energy transfer within donor–donor (dd) pairs, or bichromophoric molecules. Depending on symmetry of the local orientational distributions of the donor molecules, and their rates of reorientation, the fluorescence anisotropy decay becomes more or less complicated. Different simplifying conditions are given. The orientational distribution of the bichromophoric molecules is assumed to be isotropic and their rotational motion is taken to be negligible. The effect of using the cumulant expansion on the excitation probability and the fluorescence anisotropy was numerically examined. Brownian dynamics simulations are used to describe isotropic rotation of the d molecules. In the fast case (or dynamic limit), where the rates of transfer are much slower than those of reorientation, the cumulant expansion is always valid. In the intermediate case the approximation becomes questionable, while for the static limit, a numerical evaluation of the formal solution must be performed. The theory presented here is easily modified to account for the influence of reorientation in studies of donor–acceptor transfer. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Effects of feed ration levels (RLs) and age on sensory characteristics, fillet lipid content (LC) and fatty acid composition (FA) of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fillet were investigated in a longitudinal feeding experiment. Daily RLs were administered as a percentage of the ration size necessary for expected maximum growth (RL100). Fish on RL50, RL75, RL100 and RL200 were sampled at 1.4, 2.0 and 2.4 years of age. Analyses of LC and FA were carried out on a fillet cross-section. Sensory analyses were performed by an expert panel using ranking and conventional profiling. RL had no effect on the intensity of fresh smell or any sensory characteristic of taste or consistency of fish on RLs over 75%, irrespective of age; fish on RL50, however, scored significantly lower for fresh taste and firmness. Age had no effect on the intensity of total taste, whereas fresh taste increased and rancidity decreased with increasing age irrespective of RL. LC related strongly to RL and age, and increased up to 2.0 years of age. An increase in LC resulted in a higher level of monounsaturated FA and a lower level of polyunsaturated FA. A restriction to RL75 had no negative effects on sensory characteristics, LC or FA of the fillet.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 315-317 (July 1999), p. 216-221 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets ; C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) ; radio observations ; molecules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) has been observed on a regular basis since August 1995 at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths using IRAM, JCMT, CSO and SEST radio telescopes. The production rates of eight molecular species (CO, HCN, CH3OH, H2CO,H2S, CS, CH3CN,HNC) have been monitored as a function of heliocentric distance(rh from 7 AU pre-perihelion to 4 AU post-perihelion. As comet Hale-Bopp approached and receded from the Sun, these species displayed different behaviours. Far from the Sun, the most volatile species were found in general relatively more abundant in the coma. In comparison to other species, HNC, H2CO and CS showed a much steeper increase of the production rate with decreasing rh. Less than 1.5 AU from the Sun, the relative abundances were fairly stable and approached those found in other comets near 1 AU. The kinetic temperature of the coma, estimated from the relative intensities of the CH3OH and CO lines, increased with decreasing rh, from about10 K at 7 AU to 110 K around perihelion. The expansion velocity of the gaseous species, derived from the line shapes, also increased with a law close torh 3.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 11 (1998), S. 73-74 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Thallium cuprates ; Tl-2201 ; thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The growth of Tl-2201 films on LaAlO3 single crystal substrates has been investigated. The synthesis involved precursor films made by laser ablation that were treated with Tl2O(g) in near-equilibrium conditions. By optimising the method of preparation, we obtained films that were highly smooth, c-axis oriented and epitaxial. The rocking curve of the (0010) reflection had a FWHM of 0.27°. A Tc of 92K was achieved without post-annealing.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 1223-1226 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 74.70; 68.55; 61.16.Ch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 Ba2CuO6 films on single-crystal LaAlO3 was investigated using atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Most of the film surface consisted of flat areas separated by single or several unit-cell steps. This morphology suggests that the films grow predominantly by a step-flow mechanism. A Tl-2201 film grown using a precursor film deposited at 700 °C exhibited stacks of planes arranged in a screw-like manner on a flat background. Islands of 1–3 μm size and a height of 2–20 unit cells were dominant structures on the surface. Possible causes for the formation of the screw-like structures are discussed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: OXIDATION ; WATER VAPOR ; CrO2OH2 ; VOLATILIZATION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of type 304L stainless steel wasinvestigated at 873 K in the presence of O2and O2 + 10% H2O. Oxidation timevaried between 1 and 672 hr. The oxidized samples wereinvestigated by a number of surface-analytical techniques includinggrazing-angle XRD, SEM/EDX, auger spectroscopy, SIMS andXPS. Oxidation in dry oxygen results in the formation acorundum-type oxide (Me2O3) withadditional formation of spinel oxides after prolonged exposure. Theoxide layer contained mainly chromium, with smalleramounts of Fe and Mn. Oxidation in the presence of watervapor results in an oxide that contains more Fe and less Cr, the outer part of the oxide beingdepleted in Cr. In the presence of water vapor, a massloss is detected after prolonged exposure. We show thatthe mass loss is caused by chromium evaporation. The volatile species is suggested to beCrO2(OH)2.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 31 (1997), S. 105-117 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The effects of temperature and sulfonation on the deformation of spruce wood at conditions comparable to those during screw press impregnation prior to mechanical pulping were studied using a dynamic testing method. In addition to the physical properties of wood, shear fracture surfaces obtained at different deformation temperatures and at different sulfonation levels were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the failure energy of wood decreased gradually with increased deformation temperature in the tested range of 20–95 °C, due to thermal softening of the material. In addition to thermal treatment, the failure energy could also be reduced by sulfite treatment of the wood before deformation, and decreased with increasing sulfonation degree. The SEM analysis showed that increasing the deformation temperature causes the fracture plane to travel around the fiber walls instead of through them, thus exposing a smoother wood surface with less fiber damage. At a given deformation temperature, particularly at the lower temperatures, sulfonation improves fiber separation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1261-1266 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Superconducting epitaxial Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 (Tl-2212) and Tl2Ba2CuO6, (Tl-2201) thin films are synthesised on single crystal and bicrystal LaAlO3 substrates by an ex-situ process. Tl-2212 films were optically smooth, with Tc′s from 105 to 108K and ΔTc 〈2K, Jc reaching 2·106A/cm2 at 77K. Tl-2201 films exhibited tetragonal or orthorhombic symmetry depending on the thallium content. The Tc of the as-synthesised Tl-2201 films was in the range 40–55K. By oxygen depletion, Tc was increased by 15 – 20 K. Properties of weak links in Tl-2212 and Tl-2201 thin films are reported.
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