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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature of the interlayer coupling in annealed Ni80Fe20/Ag multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4762-4765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using x-ray and polarized neutron (PNR) reflectivity, we have measured the structural and magnetic depth profiles of annealed Ni80Fe20 (20 A(ring))/Ag (40 A(ring)) multilayers. The x-ray data indicate that the interfaces are highly mixed. PNR measurements of the 335 °C annealed multilayer in small magnetic fields reveal a broad feature in the off-specular spin-flip scattering that is not present for the unannealed sample. The giant magnetoresistance is thus associated with antiferromagnetic correlations between micrometer-sized magnetic domains within the Ni80Fe20 layers. This spin ordering is consistent with a model in which weak dipolar forces lead to an antiparallel alignment of the domains across the Ag layers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361664
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain structure in NiO biasing layers (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5102-5102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe3O4/NiO multilayers exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic order with the magnetite ferrimagnetic correlations confined to a single layer due to stacking faults of the spinel structure at the interfaces. We are studying the field dependence of the interlayer coupling and magnetic structure in a series of Fe3O4/NiO multilayers using neutron diffraction. Both NiO and Fe3O4 thin films were included in the measurements for comparison. In a single thick Fe3O4 film, intensity changes with magnetic field are consistent with the alignment of the net ferrimagnetic moment parallel to the applied field. In a single thick NiO film, we observe no intensity changes with magnetic field. For multilayers where the ratio of NiO to Fe3O4 is far from unity, the field dependence approximates that of the thick film of the majority constituent. However, for a Fe3O4 (68 A(ring))/NiO (34 A(ring)) multilayer the NiO antiferromagnetic intensity decreases with increasing field, applied parallel to a [110] axis in the film plane. This indicates a domain repopulation in the NiO, concomitant with the magnetization of the magnetite, where the antiferromagnetic modulation direction prefers the [111] axes that are closest to the applied field direction. A broadening of the NiO peak shows that the repopulated domains are smaller. We are pursuing a complete measurement of the domain populations by measuring a series of NiO antiferromagnetic diffraction peaks. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation length in La1−xCaxMnO3 (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5487-5487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to measure the ferromagnetic correlation length in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3. This is of interest in these materials because the transport mechanism responsible for colossal magnetoresistivity involves valence fluctuation on the Mn sites, and thus, spin fluctuations. There should then be a direct relationship between the magnetoresistivity and the spin–fluctuation correlation length. The magnetic SANS was determined by substracting 15 K data from the data at and above TC (250 K). When the quasistatic approximation is valid, the magnetic SANS measures the static equal-time two-spin correlation function. In an ideal isotropic ferromagnet, the fluctuations that drive the phase transition are the transverse (below TC) spin waves, which have a divergent correlation length at and below TC. Our measurements show that the magnetic scattering function for temperatures above TC is approximately Lorentzian. However, the extracted correlation length is anomalously small, starting at about 6 Å at 400 K and increasing only to about 11 Å at the nominal TC=250 K. The correlation length continues to increase below TC to about 14 Å at 225 K. Inelastic scattering measurements suggest that there are significant diffusive fluctuations near TC in addition to the spin waves. We are performing SANS measurements in a magnetic field to try to separate the correlation lengths of these two types of fluctuations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364574
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the antiferromagnet in exchange-biased Fe3O4/CoO superlattices (invited) : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6882-6887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using neutron diffraction techniques, we have directly characterized the antiferromagnetic spin structure of CoO in exchange-biased Fe3O4/CoO (001) superlattices. The CoO antiferromagnetic order is long-range and extends coherently across intervening ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 layers. The ordering is influenced significantly by not only epitaxial growth constraints but also by coupling to the Fe3O4 layers. The antiferromagnetic order in these Fe3O4/CoO (001) samples exhibits significant dependence on field cooling preparations. The CoO spins show a strong tendency to align perpendicular to the net ferrimagnetic moment with some changes in the average domain size associated with field cooling. The CoO spin structure in the exchange-biased state illustrates important aspects of recent biasing theories but with unusually large domain sizes. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367962
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex Evolution of Tandem-Repetitive DNA in the Chironomus thummi Species Group (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 321 -326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Chironomus — Satellite DNA — Tandem-repetitive DNA — Molecular Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The subspecies Chironomus thummi thummi and C. t. piger display dramatic differences in the copy number and chromosomal localization of a tandemly repeated DNA family (Cla elements). In order to analyze the evolutionary dynamics of this repeat family, we studied the organization of Cla elements in the related outgroup species C. luridus. We find three different patterns of Cla element organization in C. luridus, showing that Cla elements may be either strictly tandem-repetitive or be an integral part of two higher-order tandem repeats (i.e., Hinf[lur] elements, Sal[lur] elements). All three types of Cla-related repeats are localized in the centromeres of C. luridus chromosomes. This suggests that the dispersed chromosomal localization of Cla elements in C. t. thummi may be the result of an amplification and transposition during evolution of this subspecies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006149
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence and evolution of the gene for the monomeric globin I and its linkage to genes coding for dimeric globins in the insect Chironomus thummi (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 40 (1995), S. 354-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Insect globin genes ; Molecular evolution ; Alleles ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We isolated genomic clones containing sequences encoding globins I and IA from a Chironomus thummi thummi genomic library. Three clones contain globin IA (ctt-1A) genes, while one contains a globin I (ctt-1) gene. The coding regions of the four genes are identical except for the single base substitution accounting for the globin I/IA polymorphism. The noncoding DNA flanking the coding region is more than 98% similar, confirming a previous hypothesis that the globin ctt-1 and ctt-1A genes are alleles. Hemoglobins I and IA are monomeric in the insect hemolymph. Earlier in situ hybridization studies suggested that monomeric and dimeric globin genes are clustered at different chromosomal loci. In situ hybridization of ctt-1 DNA to polytene salivary gland chromosomes places the ctt-1 gene on the same band as genes for the dimeric globins IIβ and VIIB, forcing revision of the earlier hypothesis that genes for monomeric and dimeric globin genes are at different loci. The evolution of the ctt-1 and ctt-1A alleles and of the two globin gene loci are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164021
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Evolution of the Globin Gene Cluster E in Two Distantly Related Midges, Chironomus pallidivittatus and C. thummi thummi (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 46 (1998), S. 589-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Globin — Hemoglobin — Molecular evolution — Multigene family — Gene conversion — Chironomus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the evolutionary dynamics of a cluster of insect globin genes by comparing the organization and sequence of the gene group in two distantly related species, Chironomus pallidivittatus and C. t. thummi. Although the general architecture of the globin gene cluster has been conserved, we have found an additional, previously undescribed gene (named Cpa F) in C. pallidivittatus which shows signs of accelerated sequence evolution at nonsynonymous codon positions. This new gene is clearly functional, as demonstrated by Northern analysis. Comparison of paralogous and orthologous genes reveals patterns of intraspecific sequence homogenization. The head-to-head-oriented globin 3 and 4 gene pairs in C. t. thummi and the gb 4 gene pair in C. pallidivittatus have been efficiently homogenized, probably by gene conversion, in their promoter and coding regions. Inverted transcriptional orientation seems to favor efficient conversion. The orthologous genes from C. t. thummi and C. pallidivittatus reveal different levels of sequence conservation, ranging from 85.3 to 94.7% amino acid identity. Surprisingly, globin gene E, for which up to now no corresponding protein has been detected in the larval hemolymph of C. t. thummi, shows the highest degree of interspecies sequence conservation. This points to an essential, as yet unknown function of this globin. The usefulness of globin gene comparisons for dating speciation events in Chironomus is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006339
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scalable, real-time, image processing pipeline (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 110-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Real-time image processing ; Low-level image processing ; Cellular logic processing ; Mathematical morphology ; Systolic pipeline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract To speed up image processing in the field of robot vision and industrial inspection, a pipeline element that can perform fast cellular logic operations was made. This cellular logic processing element (CLPE) can process binary images with a speed of 100ns per pixel. The processing element is a CMOS VLSI device. It includes a writable logic array for storing sets of 3 × 3 structuring elements that define the cellular logic operations. This paper describes how such CLPEs can be used for building a pipeline for mixed gray-value processing and cellular logic processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213476
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Nucleotide Sequence of a 39 kb Segment of Yeast Chromosome IV: 12 New Open Reading Frames, Nine Known Genes and One Gene for Gly-tRNA (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genome project ; chromosome IV ; GDH ; SHR3 ; UGA4 ; NHP2 ; HEM3 ; MGT1 ; SHM1 ; ASF2 ; Gly-tRNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete nucleotide sequence of a 39 090 bp segment from the left arm of yeast chromosome IV was determined. Twenty-one open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids and a Gly-tRNA gene were discovered. Nine of the 21 ORFs (D0892, D1022, D1037, D1045, D1057, D1204, D1209, D1214, D1219) correspond to the previously sequenced Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes for the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the secretory component (SHR3), the GABA transport protein (UGA4), the high mobility group-like protein (NHP2), the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HEM3), the methylated DNA protein-cysteine S-methyltransferase (MGT1), a putative sugar transport protein, the Shm1 protein (SHM1) and the anti-silencing protein (ASF2). The inferred amino acid sequences of 11 ORFs show significant similarity with known proteins from various organisms, whereas the remaining ORF does not share any similarity with known proteins. The nucleotide sequence has been entered in the EMBL data Library under the Accession Number X99000.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
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    Nitric oxide and thiol redox regulation of Janus kinase activity (1998)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-06
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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