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  • 1
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    Seismic evidence for a lower-mantle origin of the Iceland plume (1998)
    In:  Nature, Luxembourg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 395, no. 6697, pp. 62-65, pp. B06303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Seismology ; hot ; spot ; Plate tectonics ; Surface waves ; Tomography ; Dispersion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Climate change record in subsurface temperatures: A global perspective (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-09
    Description: Analyses of underground temperature measurements from 358 boreholes in eastern North America, central Europe, southern Africa, and Australia indicate that, in the 20th century, the average surface temperature of Earth has increased by about 0.5 degreesC and that the 20th century has been the warmest of the past five centuries. The subsurface temperatures also indicate that Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 1.0 degreesC over the past five centuries. The geothermal data offer an independent confirmation of the unusual character of 20th-century climate that has emerged from recent multiproxy studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pollack -- Huang -- Shen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):279-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. N. Pollack and S. Huang, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA. P.-Y. Shen, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Mantle discontinuity structure beneath the southern east pacific rise from P-to-S converted phases (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-05
    Description: Receiver functions derived from teleseismic body waves recorded by ocean-bottom seismometers on the southern East Pacific Rise reveal shear waves converted from compressional waves at the mantle discontinuities near 410- and 660-kilometer depth. The thickness of the mantle transition zone between the two discontinuities is normal relative to the global average and indicates that upwelling beneath the southern East Pacific Rise is not associated with an excess temperature in the mantle transition zone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen -- Sheehan -- Dueker -- de Groot-Hedlin C -- Gilbert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1232-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Y. Shen, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. A. F. Sheehan, K. G. Dueker, H. Gilbert, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Phase velocities of rayleigh waves in the MELT experiment on the east pacific rise (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-05
    Description: The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves increase more rapidly with distance from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) axis than is predicted by models of conductive cooling of the lithosphere. Low velocities near the axis are probably caused by partial melt at depths of 20 to 70 kilometers in a zone several hundred kilometers wide. The lowest velocities are offset to the west of the EPR. Wave propagation is anisotropic; the fast direction is approximately perpendicular to the ridge, parallel to the spreading direction. Anisotropy increases from a minimum near the axis to 3 percent or more on the flanks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forsyth -- Webb -- Dorman -- Shen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1235-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D. W. Forsyth, Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. S. C. Webb and L. M. Dorman, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Y. Shen, Woods Hole Ocea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A population genetic test of selection at the molecular level (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: The role of natural selection in molecular evolution has been inferred primarily by rejection of null hypotheses based on neutral theory, rather than by acceptance of specific predictions based on selection. In this report, a population genetic test of a specific prediction for selection on DNA polymorphism is presented. Pyrethroid insecticide use constitutes an experiment for which form of selection and molecular target (voltage-gated sodium channels) are both known. As predicted, differential pyrethroid selection on tobacco budworm populations generated significant geographic heterogeneity in sodium channel marker allele frequencies, compared with arbitrary loci.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, M F -- Shen, Y -- Kreitman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Moths/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sodium Channels/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large change of the giant magnetoresistance behavior after changing the spacer from Cu to CuMn alloy in Co/spacer/Co structures (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5030-5032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects in sandwiched Co/Cu/Co and Co/CuMn/Co structures have been investigated. The GMR oscillates with the spacer thickness for both cases, but is nearly antiphased. With diluted Mn atoms in the Cu spacer, the GMR curve as a function of the magnetic field changes a lot, and the saturation/switching field for GMR can be reduced greatly compared with that in Co/Cu/Co systems. This may indicate one way to obtain a highly sensitive GMR. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370081
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stresses, curvatures, and shape changes arising from patterned lines on silicon wafers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1388-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental and numerical results are presented on the evolution of stresses and the accompanying changes in the overall curvatures due to the patterning of silicon oxide lines on silicon wafers and subsequent thermal loading. The finite element analysis involves a generalized plane strain formulation, which is capable of predicting the wafer curvatures in directions parallel and perpendicular to the lines, for both the patterning and thermal cycling operations. The predictions compare reasonably well with systematic curvature measurements for several different geometrical combinations of the thickness, width and spacing of the patterned lines. The non-uniform stress fields within the fine lines and the substrate are also analyzed. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that certain geometries of patterned lines on the substrate induce dramatic shape changes and reversals of curvature in the direction perpendicular to the lines. The mechanistic origin of this effect is identified to be the Poisson effect arising from the anisotropic strain coupling in the patterned structure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362938
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-induced amorphous structure of tungsten thin films (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2211-2213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combination of energy-filtered electron diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction are used to establish that oxygen impurities incorporated in tungsten films prepared by magnetron sputtering in the early stage of the deposition play a dominant role in the formation of an amorphous phase. Energy-filtered electron diffraction data collected from a range of amorphous films were Fourier transformed to a reduced density function (RDF) and matched with an amorphous model. The results show that better agreement with the experimental RDF is achieved if the amorphous model consists of a random continuous matrix of clusters with W3O-like symmetry. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124967
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation of higher harmonics in transient laser gratings by an ablative mechanism (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1640-1642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser-induced transient gratings were excited at the surface of an aluminum film by picosecond laser pulses. The counterpropagating surface acoustic waves with a fundamental frequency of 70 MHz that were launched were monitored outside the source region by laser probe beam deflection. The second and third harmonics were observed for ablative interaction of the laser radiation with the aluminum surface. A simple model is presented that describes the effects on the basis of nonlinear photoacoustic signal generation at the source due to a nonsinusoidal driving force. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122231
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stresses, deformation, and void nucleation in locally debonded metal interconnects (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 5525-5530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-dimensional analyses of stresses and deformation in metal interconnects were carried out using the finite element method within the continuum framework. Particular attention is devoted to the preexisting local debond between the metal line and dielectric, which serves as the void nucleation site. Thermal mismatch induced stresses in the aluminum line near the interface defect are considered. The local reduction of stresses as well as the stress gradient along the line are quantified for various debond sizes. It is found that, for aluminum lines with an aspect ratio of unity, the influence of local debond on the stress profile along the line direction becomes negligible in regions greater than about one line height away from the debond edge. A unique stress pattern due to the preexisting debond is identified, which forms the basis of constructing a void nucleation model in terms of crystallographic slip. This three-dimensional modeling provides quantitative information on the initial stress field useful for modeling stress and electromigration induced voiding; it also confirms the qualitative features of stress evolution obtained from a previous two-dimensional analysis. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368597
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