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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal mycorrhizal colonization of winter wheat and its effect on wheat growth under dryland field conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1998), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Winter wheat ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; Dryland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A field experiment was conducted to determine the seasonal patterns of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system and to determine wheat growth and P uptake responses to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus. Broadcast-incorporated treatments included (1) no inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus, with and without P fertilizer, and (2) mycorrhizal fungal inoculation at a rate of 5000 spores of Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith), per 30 cm in each row, with and without fertilizer P. Winter wheat was seeded within a day after treatments were imposed, and roots were sampled at five growth stages to quantify AM. Shoot samples were also taken for determination of dry matter, grain yield and yield components, and N and P uptake. No AM infection was evident during the fall months following seeding, which was characterized by low soil temperature, while during the spring, the AM increased gradually. Increases in wheat grain yields by enhanced AM were of similar magnitude to the response obtained from P fertilization. However, responses differed at intermediate growth stages. At the tillering stage, P uptake was mainly increased by P fertilization but not by fungal inoculation. At harvest, enhanced AM increased P uptake regardless of whether or not fertilizer P was added. The AM symbiosis increased with rising soil temperatures in the spring, in time to enhance late-season P accumulation and grain production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050226
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave Assisted Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl Ethers under Solvent-Free Conditions Catalyzed by Clayor a Palladium Complex (1999)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 130 (1999), S. 1175-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Trimethylsilyl ether; Deprotection; Montmorillonite; Microwave; Palladium.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Eine einfache Methode zur Spaltung von Trimethylsilylethern unter Mikrowelleneinwirkung und lösungsmittelfreien Bedingungen in Gegenwart von Montmorillonit K-10 oder einem Palladiumkomplex mit nahezu quantitativen Ausbeuten wird beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary.  A simple method for the cleavage of trimethylsilyl ethers under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions in the presence of montmorillonite K-10 or a palladium complex catalyst in almost quantitative yield is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010296
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield response and nitrogen utilization efficiency by drip-irrigated potato (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 54 (1999), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Fertigation ; trickle-irrigation ; N utilization efficiency ; calcareous soil ; potato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two field experiments were conducted in the Jordan Valley to evaluate potato response to N fertigation. Nitrogen as ammonium sulphate was supplied through irrigation water (fertigation) at rates of 0, 35, 70 and 105 mg N l-1. Soil N application treatment equivalent to the fertigation treatment of 70 mg N l-1 was included. 15N labelled ammonium sulphate was used to evaluate the N recovery and utilization efficiency. Yield increased by the N rate. The soil N application gave higher yield than the zero N and lower than the fertigated treatments. The increase in yield was due to the increase in the size of the tubers. The specific gravity was the highest with the zero N. The index ratios of potato tubers were similar with all treatments. The N derived from fertilizers by both tubers and shoots, increased with the N rate regardless of the method of application. The soil application treatments had fertilizer utilization as high as the fertigation treatments and produced total tuber yield not significantly different from that obtained by the fertigation treatment with similar rate. This might be attributed to the poor fertilizer distribution in the root zone in the fine textured soil. The low value of the fertilizer utilization of the plant receiving the 15N in the preceding season suggested possibilities of rapid transformation and immobilization by the soil microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009855426670
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect cell physiology (1997)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 24 (1997), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: insect cells ; metabolism ; energetics ; amino acids ; fluxes ; oxygen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CYTO.0000010410.24541.dd
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies of interfacial instabilities in multilayer pressure-driven flow of polymeric melts (1997)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 345-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Interfacial stability ; encapsulation phenomenon ; multilayer flow ; viscoelastic flow ; flow visualization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interfacial deformation and stability of two-(A-B) as well as three-layer symmetric (A-B-A) and asymmetric (A-B-C) pressure-driven flow of viscoelastic fluids has been investigated. Flow visualization in conjunction with digital image processing has been used to observe and measure the rate of encapsulation and interfacial stability/instability of the flow. Specifically, the encapsulation behavior as well as stability/instability of the interface and the corresponding growth or decay rate of disturbances as a function of various important parameters, namely, number of layers and their arrangement, layer depth ratio, viscosity and elasticity ratio as well as disturbance frequency, have been investigated. Based on these experiments, we have shown that the encapsulation phenomena occurs irrespective of the stability/instability of the interface and in cases when both encapsulation and instability occur simultaneously their coupling leads to highly complex and three-dimensional interfacial wave patterns. Moreover, it has been shown that the simple notion that less viscous fluids encapsulate more viscous fluids is incorrect and depending on the wetting properties of the fluid as well as their first and second normal stresses the reverse could occur. Additionally, in two- and three-layer flows it has been shown that by placing a thin, less viscous layer adjacent to the wall longwave disturbances can be stabilized while short and intermediate wavelength disturbances are stabilized when the more elastic fluid is the majority component. Furthermore, in three-layer flows it has been demonstrated that in the linear instability regime no dynamic interaction between the two interfaces is possible for short and intermediate wavenumber disturbances. However, in the nonlinear stability regime dynamic interactions between interfaces have been observed in this range of disturbance wavenumbers leading to highly chaotic flows. Finally, in the parameter space of this study no subcritical bifurcations were observed while supercritical bifurcations resulting in waves with a pointed front and a gradual tail were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396323
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies of interfacial instabilities in multilayer pressure-driven flow of polymeric melts (1997)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 345-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Interfacial stability ; encapsulation phenomenon ; multilayer flow ; viscoelastic flow ; flow visualization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interfacial deformation and stability of two-(A-B) as well as three-layer symmetric (A-B-A) and asymmetric (A-B-C) pressure-driven flow of viscoelastic fluids has been investigated. Flow visualization in conjunction with digital image processing has been used to observe and measure the rate of encapsulation and interfacial stability/instability of the flow. Specifically, the encapsulation behavior as well as stability/instability of the interface and the corresponding growth or decay rate of disturbances as a function of various important parameters, namely, number of layers and their arrangement, layer depth ratio, viscosity and elasticity ratio as well as disturbance frequency, have been investigated. Based on these experiments, we have shown that the encapsulation phenomena occurs irrespective of the stability/instability of the interface and in cases when both encapsulation and instability occur simultaneously their coupling leads to highly complex and three-dimensional interfacial wave patterns. Moreover, it has been shown that the simple notion that less viscous fluids encapsulate more viscous fluids is incorrect and depending on the wetting properties of the fluid as well as their first and second normal stresses the reverse could occur. Additionally, in two- and three-layer flows it has been shown that by placing a thin, less viscous layer adjacent to the wall longwave disturbances can be stabilized while short and intermediate wavelength disturbances are stabilized when the more elastic fluid is the majority component. Furthermore, in three-layer flows it has been demonstrated that in the linear instability regime no dynamic interaction between the two interfaces is possible for short and intermediate wavenumber disturbances. However, in the nonlinear stability regime dynamic interactions between interfaces have been observed in this range of disturbance wavenumbers leading to highly chaotic flows. Finally, in the parameter space of this study no subcritical bifurcations were observed while supercritical bifurcations resulting in waves with a pointed front and a gradual tail were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396323
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect cell physiology (1996)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 20 (1996), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: insect cells ; metabolism ; energetics ; amino acids ; fluxes ; oxygen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350387
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained and constitutive high levels of protein production in continuous cultures of bacillus subtilis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: bacillus subtilis ; plasmid ; continuous culture ; CAT ; recombinant cultures ; acid formation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of continuous production of proteins in chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis was investigated. An expression system consisting of the bacterium B. subtilis BR151 carrying plasmid p602/19 was used. The plasmid contains the cat (chioramphenicol acetyltrans-ferase) gene downstream of a strong vegetative T5 promoter. It was found that, at a dilution rate of 0.2 h-1 production of relatively high levels of CAT protein (about 4% ofcellular protein) can be sustained. But, experiments at a higher dilution rate of 0.4 h-1 were unproductive because of high acidformation and washout. Combination of low cell yield, which results from excessive acid formation, and low dilution rate led to a low volumetric CAT productivity. Our recent work with the nonrecombinant cells, has demonstrated that uptake of small amounts of citrate significantly reduces or entirelyeliminates the acid formation. This superior performance in the presence ofcitrate was hypothesized, based on strong experimental evidence, to be the result of a reduction in glycolysis flux through a sequence of events leading to a reduction in pyruvate kinase and phosphof- ructokinase activities, the regulatory enzymes of glycol-ysis. In this study, it is demonstrated that cofeeding of glucose and citrate substantially reduces theorganic acid formation and significantly increases the recombinant culture productivity. The combination of high specific CAT activity and cell density resulted in a total of six- to tenfold higher culture productivitywhen citrate and glucose were cometabolized than when glucose was the only carbon source. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470503
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMA chromatography of a cell extract: Effect of loading pH on protein purification (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 3232-3240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography has shown promise for isolating desired proteins from host cell extracts, based on differential affinities for chelated metal ions. This article focuses on modeling the effect of loading pH on the purity and binding capacity of target proteins, during their separation from the cell extract of Escherichia coli, using immobilized copper affinity chromatography. Early chromatography experiments revealed that cellular proteins of E. coli elute in two separate peaks from an immobilized copper column under a decreasing pH step gradient. Thus, the cell extract is modeled by a mixture of two proteins, tuna heart cytochrome c and chicken egg white lysozyme. Transport and binding parameters of these proteins are evaluated over a wide pH range and used in a mathematical model of multicomponent chromatography. Target proteins are chosen such that they elute at a pH between the elution pH of cytochrome and lysozyme. Simulation results showed that decreasing the loading pH to a value between the elution pH of the weaker copper binding proteins of E. coli and that of the target protein may not only decrease the amount of E. coli proteins bound in the column but lead to a substantially higher binding capacity for the target protein.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690431211
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  • 10
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    A non-invasive, three-dimensional, diagnostic laser imaging system for accurate wound analysis (1996)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0967-3334
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6579
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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