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  • RAPD  (6)
  • Humans
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of somaclonal variation in garlic (Allium sativum L.) using RAPD and cytological analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAllium sativum ; Garlic ; Genetic instability ; RAPD ; Somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from long-term callus cultures derived from five garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Thirty-five of these plants were subjected to RAPD analysis. The frequency of variation was found to be cultivar dependent: approximately 1% in the two clones Solent White and California Late and around 0.35% in another three clones, Chinese, Long Keeper and Madena. Certain band changes were found in regenerants of different cultivars, suggesting the existence of a mutation-sensitive part of the garlic genome. The karyotypes of another 75 regenerants derived from the same callus cultures of three parental garlic clones were examined. Of these plants, 9.3% were found to be tetraploids, 4% aneuploid and 2.6% showed a change in the position of the secondary constriction. No association could be shown between the rate of variation for molecular and cytological characters either by comparing cultivars or examining individual regenerants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050606
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification of duplicate accessions within a rice germplasm collection using RAPD analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1049-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Genetic resources ; RAPD ; Molecular markers ; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A set of accessions of Oryza sativa from the International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) that included known and suspected duplicates as well as closely related germplasm has been subjected to RAPD analysis. The number of primers, the number of polymorphic bands and the total number of bands were determined that will allow the accurate discrimination of these categories of accessions, including the identification of true and suspected duplicates. Two procedures have been described that could be employed on a more general basis for identifying duplicates in genetic resources collections, and further discussion on the values of such activities is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222920
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting genetic variation amongst lentil landraces from different geographical origins (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: bottleneck ; isozyme ; landrace ; lentil ; RAPD ; South Asia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Lentil landraces from South Asia exhibit a low diversity and discordance with landraces from other countries according to a combination of qualitative and quantitative agromorphological characters. They exhibit specific phenological adaptation to the South Asian environment which precludes the direct use of alien germplasm in breeding programs in South Asia. An understanding of the genetic relationships and diversity of South Asian lentil landraces, in relation to landraces from other countries, is important in attempting to widen the genetic base of germplasm in the region. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic relationships between lentil landraces from 3 South Asian countries (India, Nepal and Pakistan) and those from 13 other countries and to determine their relative genetic diversities, using both isozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Polymorphisms were observed for 7 isozyme loci (16 alleles) and 22 RAPD loci. According to Nei's genetic distance, germplasm from Afghanistan clustered with that from the South Asian countries. The germplasm from these countries was striking different to that from the other countries studied. Based on genetic distance estimates from RAPD analysis, the countries with the lowest diversity were Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal. These data support evidence at the morphological level of a genetic bottleneck in lentil landraces from South Asia. Genetic relationships between countries outside the South Asian group are discussed. Classification into macrosperma and microsperma types did not reflect overall country relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018331432580
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The taxonomic characterisation of annual Beta germplasm in a genetic resources collection using RAPD markers (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta ; genetic resources ; RAPD ; annual beets ; molecular marker ; polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Annual beets in the genus Beta section Beta represent an important genetic resource. Representative accessions of annual beets from a beet germplasm collection were analysed using RAPD to assess the patterns of variation and relationships among them. Using arbitrary primers, markers showing variation across accessions were identified. A dendrogram of similarity was produced using these molecular markers. All the accessions analysed were classified into three major groups corresponding to species or subspecies macrocarpa, adanensis and maritima. Macrocarpa was shown to be the most divergent group in this section. Using RAPD molecular markers, it was possible to ascribe an accession to one of three taxonomic groups and overcome much of the confusion encountered when morphological traits are used for identification. The group of maritima was found to be more polymorphic than either the group of macrocarpa or adanensis at both accession and subspecies levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021071
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population genetic structure in Lens taxa revealed by isozyme and RAPD analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 549-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: AMOVA ; Lens ; population genetic structure ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An understanding of the genetic structure of populations is vital for the formation of optimum collection, conservation and utilization strategies for plant genetic resources. This is of particular importance in the case of in-situ conservation, a strategy gaining in popularity. The population genetic structures of five wild lentil taxa, Lens culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. odemensis, L. ervoides, L. nigricans and L. lamottei were investigated using isozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Approximately 20 plants from each of 5 populations per taxon were screened for variation at 11 isozyme loci and using three RAPD primers. Levels of variation were generally low, although considerable variation existed in the levels of diversity found within populations of L. culinaris subsp. orientalis and L. lamottei. Comparison of the results obtained in this study with the results obtained in a previous study indicate that this is a trend occurring across all species. It implies that levels of diversity within populations must be measured and considered prior to targeting of specific populations for in-situ conservation. Analysis of molecular variance of both isozyme and RAPD data revealed that between 78% and 99% of the variation was attributable to between-population differences. Isozyme results from L. lamottei populations were, however, contradictory. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008640201896
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of RAPD markers to facilitate the identification of Oryza species within a germplasm collection (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: classification ; genetic resources ; Oryza ; RAPD ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract RAPD analysis was carried out using 93 accessions held within the Oryza collection in the Genetic Resource Center at IRRI. These accessions had been designated as O. meridionalis, O. glumaepatula, O. nivara or O. rufipogon on the basis of the identification of the original collector although in some cases these had been subjected to subsequent taxonomic revision. Following numerical analysis of the RAPD data, we propose that five of the forty accessions designated as O. meridionalis and four of the 22 accessions designated as O. glumaepatula have been mis-identified. The relationship between accessions designated as O. nivara and O. rufipogon is complex, although it appears that some mis-identification has also occurred for these two taxa. The results indicate that RAPD technology can be used as a fast and accurate method to assist in the validation of the identification of wild Oryza species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008678231467
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase gene expression during ontogeny of the murine palate (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 163 (1995), S. 431-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Normal growth and differentiation of embryonic palatal tissue depends on regulated levels of intracellular cAMP. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA) act to mediate the biological activities of cAMP. PKA isozyme protein profiles demonstrate a clear pattern of temporal alterations in embryonic palatal tissue during its development. In order to ascertain the molecular basis for changing PKA isozyme profiles during palatal ontogeny, the spatial and temporal expression of mRNAs for regulatory (Rlα, Rllα, and Rllβ) and catalytic (Cα) subunits of PKA was examined. RNA extracted, from murine embryonic palatal tissue (days 12-14 of gestation) was examined by Northern blot analysis. Significant levels of constitutively expressed Rlα and Cα mRNA were seen on all days of gestation examined. Rlα transcripts were substantially less abundant in palate mesenchymal cells in vitro than in palatal tissue in vivo. Levels of Rllα and Rllβ mRNA were highest on gestational day (GD) 12, a period characterized by pronounced palatal tissue growth. In addition, patterns of tissue distribution of Rllβ, not previously described, were examined in the developing embryonic palate. A dramatic developmental shift in tissue distribution of Rllβ was seen. The isozyme was evenly distributed between palatal epithelial and mesenchymal cells on GD 12 but by GD 14, Rllβ was predominantly localized to palatal epithelial cells. Direct activation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin in murine embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells resulted in an increase in Rllα mRNA levels but had no effect on steady state levels of Rllβ or Cα mRNA. In addition, elevation of intracellular levels of cAMP resulted in a shift in the transcriptional profile of Rlα mRNAs. Results of this study document specific patterns of expression for the genes encoding the various cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory and Cα subunits in murine embryonic palatal tissue. In addition, we have demonstrated adaptational changes of this kinase in MEPM cells in response to conditions of increased intracellular levels of cAMP. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041630302
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