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  • Heat shock  (2)
  • antifeedant  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural and neurophysiological responses ofSpodoptera littoralis to azadirachtin and a range of synthetic analogues (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: azadirachtin ; azadirachtin analogues ; Spodoptera littoralis ; antifeedant ; behaviour ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The antifeedant activity of azadirachtin and 56 azadirachtin analogues, including 22,23-dihydroazalirachtin, against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis was investigated using behavioural and electrophysiological bioassays. None of the analogues was as active as azadirachtin, although many showed significant antifeedant activity at high concentrations. The majority of the analogues stimulated a dose-dependent response from a neurone in the medial styloconic maxillary sensilla which correlated with the behavioural activity. Methylation of the hydroxy substitutions on the azadirachtin molecule usually resulted in a decrease in antifeedant activity, as did the addition of bulky groups to the dihydrofuran ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of embryogenesis with colchicine instead of heat in microspores ofBrassica napus L. cv. Topas (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 198 (1996), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Colchicine ; Heat shock ; Microspore embryogenesis ; Microtubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Prior to this report, heat treatment (32.5°C, 24 h) was the method used to induce embryogenesis fromBrassica napus microspores. Continuous culture at 25°C results in pollen development. This study shows that colchicine alone, at the non-inductive temperature of 25°C, can induce embryogenesis, thus demonstrating that heat shock is not required for embryogenic induction inB. napus cv. Topas. Embryogenic frequencies of over 15% were obtained by culturing isolated microspores with 25 μM colchicine for 42 h at 25°C. The microspore developmental stages responsive to colchicine were unicellular vacuolate and late unicellular, somewhat earlier stages than the population responsive to heat induction. Other groups have reported that heat-shock proteins are essential to the induction of embryogenesis. The present study offers a method of embryogenic induction without the use of heat which will allow discrimination between the factors associated with response to heat shock and those involved with changing cell development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620060
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular changes during heat shock induction and embryo development of cultured microspores ofBrassica napus cv. Topas (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 185 (1995), S. 106-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Embryogenesis ; Heat shock ; Induction ; Microspore embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Brassica napus cv. Topas microspores, isolated and cultured near the time of the first pollen mitosis and subjected to a heat treatment of 24 h, can be induced to develop into haploid embryos. This is a study of microspore structure during induction and embryo determination. Early during the 32.5 °C incubation period the nucleus moved away from the edge of the cell, and granules, 30 to 60 nm in diameter, appeared in the mitochondria and as a cluster in the cytoplasm. Cells divided symmetrically and at the end of the heat treatment, acquired the features of induced bicellular structures described previously. The features persisted as the cells divided randomly within the exine for 4–7 days following heat induction. Multicellular structures released from the exine underwent periclinal divisions resulting in protoderm differentiation of the globular embryo, thus determining embryo development. The cytoplasm of early heart-stage embryos contains abundant polyribosomes. Non-embryogenic development was indicated by large accumulations of starch and/or lipid and thickened cell walls or an unorganized pattern of cell division following release of the multicellular structures from the exine. Embryogenesis is discussed in terms of induction, embryo determination and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01272758
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photooxidation of Nimbin and Salannin, Tetranortriterpenoids from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2841-2860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Azadirachtin ; nimbin ; salannin ; antifeedant ; growth inhibition ; Azadirachta indica ; Spodoptera littoralis ; Locusta migratoria ; Schistocerca gregaria ; photooxidation ; photoisomerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nimbin and salannin, major triterpenoids accompanying azadirachtin in extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds, were photooxidized by UV light in the presence of oxygen to more polar, unstable intermediates that rearranged on silica gel to two final products in which the furan ring had been oxidized to isomeric hydroxybutenolides. The isomeric hydroxybutenolides were also readily formed when a crude extract of triterpenoids from neem seeds was irradiated, and both isomers of salannin have been isolated from seeds. Photooxidation of nimbin and salannin proceeded much faster than that of azadirachtin. All photoproducts showed some biological activity againstSpodoptera littoralis, Locusta migratoria, andSchistocerca gregaria. Isonimbinolide was as potent as azadirachtin at inhibiting feeding in all three species, and it also inhibited the growth ofS. littoralis. Isosalanninolide showed potent antifeedant and growth inhibitory activity againstS. littoralis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022523329255
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