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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity variations in insect chemoreceptors; A review (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insects ; chemoreceptor ; receptor sensitivity ; feeding behavior ; central regulating mechanisms ; peripheral regulating mechanisms ; sensory behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975876
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural and chemosensory responses of the turnip root fly (Delia floralis) to glucosinolates (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 41-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Delia floralis ; turnip root fly ; glucosinolates ; electrophysiology ; gustation ; tarsal sensilla ; labellar sensilla ; sensory physiology ; oviposition behaviour ; structure-activity relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates the behavioural and neural mechanisms involved in the oviposition behaviour of the turnip root fly,Delia floralis (Fallen). Behavioural studies showed that glucosinolates modulated the oviposition behaviour of the flies on artificial leaves as well as the number of eggs laid in the soil at the base of these leaves. Electrophysiological responses to glucosinolates were obtained from type A and type D sensilla on the prothoracic and mesothoracic tarsi, as well as from the long contact sensilla on the labellum. The neural responses from these sensilla were positively correlated with the oviposition behaviour of the flies and with the number of eggs laid. Of the eleven glucosinolates tested in the behavioural and electrophysiological tests, the flies were most responsive to glucobrassicanapin, gluconapin and glucobrassicin. The type D tarsal sensilla were more responsive to the glucosinolates than either the type A tarsal sensilla or the labellar sensilla. The structure-activity investigations showed that slight modifications to the chemical composition of the glucosinolates resulted in changes in neural activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380568
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of age on the responsiveness of peripheral chemosensory sensilla of the turnip root fly (Delia floralis) (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 253-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Delia floralis ; turnip root fly ; electrophysiology ; gustation ; tarsal sensilla ; labellar sensilla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of insect age on the neural responsiveness of gustatory sensilla was investigated. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from type A and type D sensilla on the pro- and meso-thoracic tarsi, and from sensilla on the labellum of the turnip root fly,Delia floralis (Fallen) in response to potassium chloride, sucrose and sinigrin. The age of the fly did have an effect on the numbers of sensilla responding to the test stimuli and on the magnitude of the response, but there was no consistent pattern in these effects among sensilla. The labellar sensilla were more responsive to sucrose than the tarsal sensilla and the proportion of flies whose labellar sensilla responded to sucrose was initially low, but increased after day 2 of adult life. In contrast, the number of flies whose tarsal sensilla responded to stimulation with sucrose was initially high and decreased as the flies aged. There was a similar decline in the proportion of tarsal sensilla responding to potassium chloride. Neither the proportion of flies whose tarsal sensilla responded to sinigrin nor the magnitude of the response was influenced by the age of the fly. These finding are discussed in relation to the feeding and host selection behaviour of the fly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380559
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition and chemosensory stimulation of the root flies Delia radicum and D. floralis in response to plants and leaf surface extracts from resistant and susceptible Brassica genotypes (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 61-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: antixenosis ; host-plant resistance ; host preference ; oviposition behaviour ; contact chemoreception ; glucosinolates ; Delia radicum ; Delia floralis ; Anthomyiidae ; Diptera ; Brassica ; Cruciferae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Brassica crops differences in susceptibility to root fly attack can be largely attributed to antixenotic resistance. Plants of four genotypes (two swedes and two kales) with widely differing resistance in field trials, were compared in laboratory choice assays for their susceptibility to oviposition by the root flies Delia radicum (L.) and D. floralis (Fallen) (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). For both species the preference among the genotypes corresponded to the susceptibility of the genotypes in the field. The preference ranking in response to surrogate leaves treated with methanolic surface extracts of the four genotypes was identical to the preference among potted plants, demonstrating that chemical factors on the leaf surface mediate host preference for oviposition in these species. For both species of fly, glucosinolates are major oviposition stimulants and for D. radicum an additional, nonglucosinolate oviposition stimulant, presently called CIF, is known. We describe a procedure for chromatographic separation of glucosinolates from CIF in leaf surface extracts. In oviposition-choice assays with D. radicum, the CIF-fractions of the two swede genotypes applied to surrogate leaves received a 1.8 and 4.6 times higher proportion of eggs than the respective glucosinolate-fractions, confirming the major importance of CIF as an oviposition stimulant. The genotype of swede that was preferred by both fly species in tests with plants and methanolic leaf surface extracts, also stimulated oviposition more in tests with the glucosinolate-fractions or the CIF-fractions derived from the surface extracts, respectively. Thus, glucosinolates and CIF together account for the observed preference among the genotypes and may also be responsible for their susceptibility under field conditions. In the two kale genotypes the preference for plants or surface extracts differed from the preference among the corresponding glucosinolate- and CIF-fractions, indicating that additional, as yet unknown chemical factors may also be involved. For both groups of stimulants tarsal chemoreceptors allow electrophysiological monitoring of glucosinolate- and CIF-activity in fractionated surface extracts. For D. radicum the chemosensory activity of both glucosinolate- and CIF-fractions corresponded to the respective behavioural activity in the oviposition preference tests, suggesting that preference for oviposition among genotypes can be predicted from the electrophysiological activity of their fractions. The chemosensory response of D. floralis, in particular to the CIF-fractions, was less pronounced than the response of D. radicum, indicating interspecific differences in the perception of the major oviposition stimulants. We discuss the potential application of electrophysiological techniques in support of other screening methods used in breeding for root fly resistance in Brassica crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304457
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural and neurophysiological responses ofSpodoptera littoralis to azadirachtin and a range of synthetic analogues (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: azadirachtin ; azadirachtin analogues ; Spodoptera littoralis ; antifeedant ; behaviour ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The antifeedant activity of azadirachtin and 56 azadirachtin analogues, including 22,23-dihydroazalirachtin, against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis was investigated using behavioural and electrophysiological bioassays. None of the analogues was as active as azadirachtin, although many showed significant antifeedant activity at high concentrations. The majority of the analogues stimulated a dose-dependent response from a neurone in the medial styloconic maxillary sensilla which correlated with the behavioural activity. Methylation of the hydroxy substitutions on the azadirachtin molecule usually resulted in a decrease in antifeedant activity, as did the addition of bulky groups to the dihydrofuran ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383020
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azadirachtin:-advances in understanding its activity as an antifeedant (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: allelochemicals ; secondary plant metabolites ; feeding ; Spodoptera littoralis ; Schistocerca gregaria ; Locusta migratoria ; electrophysiology ; contact chemoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194716
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the secondary plant compound 2,5-dihydroxymethyl 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine as a feeding inhibitor for insects (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Secondary plant compounds ; 2,5-dihydroxymethyl ; 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine ; Spodoptera littoralis ; S. exempta ; Heliothis virescens ; Schistocerca gregaria ; Locusta migratoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Récemment a été mis en évidence le puissant pouvoir inhibiteur de différents glucosidases. Présenté par l'amino-alditol cyclique, 2,5 dihydroxymethyl 3,4 dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP), isolé de graines de la légumineuse Lonchocarpus sericeus. Nous avons examiné le rôle de ce composé secondaire dans la stratégie défensive de la plante contre une gamme d'insectes phytophages, à travers son action sur le développement, le comportement alimentaire et le fonctionnement des récepteurs gustatifs. Nous avons montré que DMDP peut inhiber, suivant la dose, la prise de nourriture et, qu'apr⪻s ingestion (par Spodoptera spp), il peut agir comme une toxine. Par suite de sa structure moléculaire, DMDP peut être considéré, non seulement comme l'analogue d'un sucre, mais aussi comme un alcaloïde. Le bilan des résultats de nos expériences suggère que l'efficacité de DMDP comme phagodissuadant, si elle ne provient pas de sa toxicité, découle principalement de ses propriétés d'alcaloïde.
    Notes: Abstract The cyclic amino alditol 2,5-dihydroxymethyl 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) has recently been shown to be an inhibitor of various glucosidases. We have investigated its role as a plant protective chemical against a range of phytophagous insects by examining its effects on development, feeding behaviour and functioning of taste receptors. We have shown that it can inhibit feeding and can be toxic. The mechanisms by which these effects are achieved are discussed in the context of the molecular structure of the compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185649
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily changes in the responsiveness of taste receptors correlate with feeding behaviour in larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Electrophysiology ; feeding behaviour ; sucrose ; Spodoptera littoralis ; neural variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of Spodoptera littoralis were monitored through the final larval stadium (6 days) for weight gain, amount eaten in bioassays and responsiveness of gustatory receptors to stimulation with sodium chloride and four concentrations of sucrose. The age of larvae within the stadium, time of day (am or pm) and interactions between these factors influenced the electrophysiological response to 0.05 M sucrose. Overall, the responsiveness of taste receptors increased in the first half of the stadium, then declined. Neural input correlated with weight gain on days 1 to 4, and with amount eaten in bioassays on days 1 to 5. This correlation between neural input and feeding behaviour indicates that the observed modulation in neural sensitivity has a causal relationship with feeding behaviour. The ways in which the modulation might occur are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367170
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food selection by locusts: The rôle of learning in rejection behaviour (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Locusta migratoria ; Senecio vulgaris ; S. jacobaea ; Brassica oleracea ; host plant selection ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des larves mâles de cinquième stade de Locusta migratoria ont été placées dans des cages avec des végétaux qui pouvaient être changées sans troubler les insectes. Le contact avec des pieds de blé entraînait généralement une palpation suivie de morsures et alors d'alimentation continue. Les plantes non-hôtes Senecio vulgaris, S. jacobaea et Brassica oleracea étaient rejetées, d'abord après morsures suivant la palpation, mais ultérieurement par palpation seule. Nous avons vérifié l'hypothèse que la sensation obtenue par palpation était initialement inadéquate pour provoquer le rejet, ce qui était assuré par les morsures ultérieures mais qu'avec l'expérience l'insecte apprenait à lier la sensation de palpation avec celle de morsures et progressivement rejetait après palpation seule. Ainsi les 8 premiers contacts avec des aliments désagréables ont été observés, soit quant S. vulgaris était présenté continuellement, soit quand S. vulgaris était remplacé par une autre plante désagréable après 4 contacts. Une analyse mathématique des résultats révèle une tendance au rejet par palpation seule à travers les contacts successifs, et que cette tendance est interrompue et se restaure quand l'espace végétal est changé. Ces résultats sond discutés dans le contexte des théories de l'apprentissage et on en a conclu que le phénomène observé est le résultat d'un apprentissage associatif.
    Notes: Abstract The food selection behaviour of male fifth instar nymphs of Locusta migratoria was monitored on the host plant wheat and on the non-host plants Senecio vulgaris, S. jacobaea and Brassica oleracea. The non-hosts were rejected, but the mode of rejection altered with time in a way which suggested associative learning. This hypothesis was tested and the results discussed in relation to classical theories of learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217634
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant effects of azadirachtin and structurally related compounds on lepidopterous larvae (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Spodoptera littoralis ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Heliothis virescens ; Heliothis armigera ; azadirachtin ; salannin ; limonoids ; antifeedants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'activité phagodissuadante de l'azadirachtine, de ses dérivés et des limonoïdes voisins sur 4 espèces de lépidoptères: Spodoptera littoralis, S. frugiperda, Heliothis virescens et H. armigera a été évaluée par des expériences avec et sans choix. Les expériences de choix ont montré que le comportement alimentaire de S. littoralis était modifié par plus de substances que celui de S. frugiperda ou H. virescens. Celui de H. armigera était le moins modifié. Les 2 substances les plus puissantes parmi les 40 examinées, ont été l'azadirachtine et le dihydroazadirachtine. Ces résultats montrent que l'hydrogénation de la double liaison C-22,23 ne réduit pas l'activité phagodissuadante et que la nature des substitutions en C-1, C-3 et C-11 sont importantes. Les molécules avec des substitutions volumineuses en C-22 ou C-23 sont généralement des phagodissuadants aussi inefficaces que ceux ayant perdu un époxide. Les substances notées comme phagodissuadants actifs dans les expériences de choix ne sont pas toujours aussi actives en absence de choix. La valeur des tests dans l'évaluation du mode d'action des substances est discuté.
    Notes: Abstract The antifeedant activity of azadirachtin, azadirachtin-derivatives and related limonoids was assessed in choice and no-choice bioassays against four species of Lepidoptera: Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Heliothis virescens and Heliothis armigera. The choice bioassay showed that the feeding behaviour of S. littoralis was affected by more of the compounds than that of either S. frugiperda or H. virescens. H. armigera was the least affected. Azadirachtin and dihydroazadirachtin were the most potent of the 40 compounds tested. The results showed that hydrogenation of the C-22,23 double bond did not decrease antifeedant activity and the nature of the substitutes at C-1, C-3 and C-11 were important. Molecules with bulky substitutes at either C-22 or C-23 were usually ineffective antifeedants as were compounds lacking an epoxide. Compounds recorded as active antifeedants in the choice bioassay were not always as active in the no-choice test. The value of the bioassays in assessing the mode of action of the compounds is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352576
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