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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and activity of p-azidobenzoyloxyferricrocin, a photoactivatable analog of ferrichrome (1999)
    Springer
    BioMetals 12 (1999), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: photoaffinity labeling ; Escherichia coli ; FhuA ; siderophores ; ferrichrome ; azidobenzoyldesferriferricrocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract p-azidobenzoyloxy desferriferricrocin (AF) 2, a photoactivatable analog of ferrichrome, was prepared by selective acylation of the serine group of ferricrocin 1 in two steps: transesterification of ferricrocin followed by demetallation. A model compound, (L) 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-p-azidobenzoyloxy N-isopropyl propionamide 8, was separately synthesized in order to set up optimal transesterification conditions to avoid α, β-elimination or epimerization of serine. Binding of iron-loaded AF (FeAF) to the FhuA outer membrane receptor protein of Escherichia coli AB2847 was demonstrated by inhibition of ferrichrome transport, interference with the infection by the bacteriophage φ80 and with killing of cells by albomycin and colicin M. FeAF transported iron only weakly which indicates that the photoaffinity moiety is incompatible with transport or intracellular iron release from the siderophore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009225811420
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SigX of Bacillus subtilis replaces the ECF sigma factor FecI of Escherichia coli and is inhibited by RsiX (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 256 (1997), S. 416-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsBacillus subtilis ; SigX ; RsiX ; Autoregulation ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the Bacillus subtilis genome sequence revealed two open reading frames, designated sigX and ypuN (now termed rsiX ), that are homologous to fecI and fecR, respectively, of Escherichia coli. fecI encodes a σ70-type factor that is necessary for transcription of the ferric citrate transport genes fecABCDE. fecR encodes a cytoplasmic transmembrane protein that is required for the induction of fec transport gene transcription by ferric citrate binding to the FecA outer membrane receptor protein. Investigation of the SigX and RsiX activities disclosed that they are not involved in ferric citrate utilization – since ferric citrate did not serve as an iron source for B. subtilis SG64 – or in the regulation of any other ferric siderophore transport system tested. Strains deleted for sigX or rsiX displayed no phenotype under aerobic or anoxic conditions. However, cloned sigX complemented an E. coli fecI mutant, and the Fur box upstream of sigX responded to the E. coli iron regulatory protein Fur. The purified SigX protein was required for in vitro transcription of a sigX-containing DNA fragment by the E. coli RNA polymerase core enzyme. Autoregulation of sigX was also found in vivo using a sigX'-lacZ gene fusion. RsiX inhibited SigX activity in vivo and in vitro and stabilized the SigX protein. RsiX was localized in the membrane fraction. When RsiX is present, SigX is found in the membrane fraction; in the absence of RsiX, some SigX is detectable in the cytoplasm. We conclude that SigX is a σ factor that belongs to the ECF (extracytoplasmic function) σ70-factor family. It is not known which promoters are recognized by SigX in B. subtilis. SigX may be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism, as evidenced by its activity in E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050585
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colicin M is inactivated during import by its immunity protein (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 251 (1996), S. 388-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; Colicin M ; Immunity ; Periplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Colicin M (Cma) displays a unique activity that interferes with murein and O-antigen biosynthesis through inhibition of lipid-carrier regeneration. Immunity is conferred by a specific immunity protein (Cmi) that inhibits the action of colicin M in the periplasm. The subcellular location of Cmi was determined by constructing hybrid proteins between Cmi and the TEM-β-lactamase (BlaM), which confers resistance to ampicillin only when it is translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane with the aid of Cmi. The smallest Cmi'-BlaM hybrid that conferred resistance to 50 μg/ml ampicillin contained 19 amino acid residues of Cmi; cells expressing Cmi'-BlaM with only five N-terminal Cmi residues were ampicillin sensitive. These results support a model in which the hydrophobic sequence of Cmi comprising residues 3–23 serves to translocate residues 24–117 of Cmi into the periplasm and anchors Cmi to the cytoplasmic membrane. Residues 8–23 are integrated in the cytoplasmic membrane and are not involved in Cma recognition. This model was further tested by replacing residues 1–23 of Cmi by the hydrophobic amino acid sequence 1–42 of the penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). In vivo, PBP3'-'Cmi was as active as Cmi, demonstrating that translocation and anchoring of Cmi is not sequence-specific. Substitution of the 23 N-terminal residues of Cmi by the cleavable signal peptide of BlaM resulted in an active BlaM'-'Cmi hybrid protein. The immunity conferred by BlaM'-'Cmi was high, but not as high as that associated with Cmi and PBP3'-'Cmi, demonstrating that soluble Cmi lacking its membrane anchor is still active, but immobilization in the cytoplasmic membrane, the target site of Cma, increases its efficiency. CmiΔ1-23 remained in the cytoplasm and conferred no immunity. We propose that the immunity protein inactivates colicin M in the periplasm before Cma can reach its target in the cytoplasmic membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172531
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation der Stoffmengenverläufe im Semibatchreaktor bei Vorliegen eines ReaktionsnetzwerksVortrag von R. BRAUN anläßlich der DECHEMA-Jahrestagungen, 25./27. Mai 1998 in Wiesbaden. (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 357-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330710408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    32. Numerische Simulation von Stoffaustauschvorgängen mit und ohne nachfolgender Reaktion in Blasensäulen - Absorption von CO2 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 953-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330710936
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    8. Berechnungsverfahren für den Faserspinnprozeß (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 1067-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330680910
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    101. Modellierung des Stoffübergangs in begasten Rührkesseln auf der Basis numerischer Strömungssimulation (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1138-1138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3307009103
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