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  • Articles  (10)
  • Chemistry  (10)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
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  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (10)
  • Geography
  • Mathematics
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure kinetics of a flexible aromatic dicyanate with schiff base structure (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1585-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polycyclotrimerization of a flexible aromatic dicyanate with a Schiff base structure was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The study on dynamic DSC evaluated an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 75.8 kJ/mol and autocatalytic first-order kinetics with rate expression Af(α) = 1.96 X 105 (1 + 4.39 α) (1 - α) min-1. The kinetic feature can be explained by a proposed mechanism consisting of hydroxyl-catalyzed and autocatalytic paths. The lower value of Ea compared with other aromatic dicyanates is due to the electron-withdrawing linkage of the inherent imine ( - CH=N) structure. The kinetic feature is affected by the content of the residual impurities (e.g., phenols or absorbed water) in the corresponding sample. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580922
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of processing on the microstructure, melting behavior, and equilibrium melting temperature of polypropylene (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypropylene (PP) was extruded and injection-molded several times to mimic the effect of recycling procedures on PP. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to follow crystallization rates under isothermal conditions in a temperature range of 120-150°C. Melting behavior and equilibrium melting temperatures were studied using the Hoffman-Weeks method of extrapolation. Optical microscopy combined with a hot stage was also used to follow the spherulite microstructure and crystal phase upon recycling of PP. Wide-angle X-ray spectroscopy identified the crystal phase at different isothermal crystallization temperatures. Twin melting peaks obtained for PP melting following isothermal crystallization were associated with crystal rearrangement during fusion. PP spherulite size and equilibrium melting temperatures were seen to increase with processing events, whereas reprocessing decreased nuclei density. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of boron treatment on oxidation of carbon fiber in air (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 915-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An investigation is performed to study the influence of boron treatment on carbon fiber: its oxidation behaviors, kinetics, and structure and properties at a high-temperature atmosphere in air. PAN-based carbon fiber is treated with either liquid organoborate or inorganic borate, which elevates the decomposing point above 260°C and doubles the average oxidation activation energy from about 100 kJ/mol of the untreated fiber to above 200 kJ/mol of the treated fiber, with the first order of the fiber oxidation reaction under nonisothermal conditions. The boron coating formed on the fiber surface after the treatment may cap off the specific surface active sites to function as a diffusion barrier that inhibits the oxidation, and its main structure is identified as boron oxide by means of X-ray diffraction and XPS analyses. During the process, the mechanical properties develop slightly; however, the morphology structure observed by SEM changes greatly. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic models for the autocatalytic deprotection of copolymers based on 4-hydroxystyrene and styrenePresented in part at the 10th International Conference on Photopolymers, Society of Plastics Engineers, Ellenville, NY, October 30-November 2, 1994. (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 467-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(tert-butylcarbonyloxystyrene) by itself or as a component in a copolymer decomposes at elevated temperatures (about 130-150°C) to give the free phenolic group, isobutylene, and carbon dioxide. It has been found that the isothermal conversion of the ester (the protected phenol) to the free phenol proceeds slowly at first but accelerates with time so that the rate of reaction increases until more than half the reaction is over. Thus, the pattern of conversion with time is typical of an autocatalytic process. Although the classical model of autocatalysis which we reported earlier gave a qualitative representation of the process, two modifications to the model result in a much better approximation to the actual experimental data. These two experimentally rational modifications take into account the very real decrease in the volume of the reacting system as conversion (deprotection) proceeds and the possibility that the catalyzed (fast) reaction is second order in free phenol. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereochemistry of the hydrogenation of o-xylene over a silica-supported polysilazane-platinum complex (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 711-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: hydrogenation ; o-xylene ; polysilazane ; stereochemistry ; platinum complex ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silica-supported polysilazane (SiO2-Si-N), and its platinum complex (SiO2-Si-N-Pt) were prepared. It was found that SiO2-Si-N-Pt can catalyze hydrogenation of o-xylene under mild conditions (40-50°C, 1 atm). The products of the reaction were cis-and trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane. The formation of trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane may be adequately explained according to the ‘roll-over’ model. The stereoselectivity was influenced by temperature and catalyst concentration, the proportion of the cis isomer decreasing with an increase in each of the two factors. The effects of other reaction parameters, such as the N/Pt mole ratio in the complex, solvents and reaction time, etc. on the hydrogenation of o-xylene were also studied. The SiO2-Si-N-Pt catalyst is very stable in reaction and turnover numbers amount to 200 in 80 hr.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of recycled PP/rubber/talc hybrids (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 527-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical properties of recycled PP/rubber/filler systems were studied and mechanisms were discussed on the basis of molar mass and molar mass distribution, morphologies, and thermal behavior. Characteristics of recycled PP/rubber/filler depend on degradation of PP and additional components. Recycling processes decreased impact strength, but it seemed not to affect tensile properties significantly. Aging with UV and moisture affected mechanical properties by some degree of PP chain scissions and ethylene chain crosslinking in EP rubber. Inorganic filler acted as a crack center and accelerated aging degradation. Paint decreased mechanical properties significantly by introducing stress concentrations. Recycle processing decreased the molar mass and increased the molar mass distribution of PP. Aging with UV decreased crystallization temperature and increased crystallization half-time by decreasing nucleation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The correlation of wear behaviors and microstructures of graphite-PTFE composites studied by positron annihilation (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1231-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The correlation between the wear behaviors of graphite-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites and their macro-and microscopic structural changes was studied in a wide graphite volume content range of 0 to 50%. It was found that the macroscopic structure of graphite-PTFE composites changes from the state of PTFE-wrap-graphite to the state of detachment between PTFE and graphite powder along with an increase of graphite volume content. The sudden change occurred at the point of graphite volume content of about 40%. In this article the positron annihilation lifetime spectrum was used to detect the properties of microscopic imperfections. The results indicated that the changes of microimperfects of graphite-PTFE composites in size and in concentration are also related to the increase of graphite volume content while the crystallinity of PTFE shows a tendency to increase. The wear behaviors of graphite-PTFE composites corresponded to the physical properties of imperfects in a macro- and microscopic sense and were reflected fairly well by the interfacial properties between crystal and amorphous regions in PTFE. The positron annihilation technique is a useful tool for the study of tribological behaviors of polymers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PP/elastomer/filler hybrids. II. Morphologies and fracture (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three microstructures of polypropylene (PP)/elastomer/filler hybrids were obtained by processing control and elastomer or PP surface modification: (a) filler and elastomer particles are dispersed in a PP matrix to form separate particles; (b) elastomer particles with a filler core are distributed in a PP matrix; or (c) there are mixed microstructures of (a) and (b). Morphologies and fracture of different components and microstructures were studied by SEM. When the lower-temperature cut samples were carefully etched, the differences between the various microstructures were clearly observed under SEM. The core-shell microstructure provided an elastomer interlayer between the filler and the PP matrix, which resulted in changing the fracture mechanism from microcrack to shear yield. The SEM micrographs were digitized and analyzed by IMAGE 1.52. Rubber particle size and distribution were studied. The relationship between the morphologies and mechanical properties, especially the brittle-toughness transition, was discussed. DSC was used to confirm the difference of microstructures, crystallization behavior, and compatibility. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PP-elastomer-filler hybrids. I. Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1877-1885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three-component systems with a polypropylene (PP) matrix consisting of polar elastomer (ethylene-propylene rubber and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride) or of polar PP (PP grafted with maleic anhydride) and filler were investigated. Three microstructures of PP-elastomer-filler hybrids were obtained by processing control and elastomer or PP modification with the maleic anhydride: fillers and rubber particles were separated in the PP matrix, rubber particles with filler core were distributed in the PP matrix, and mixed microstructures of the first and second. A study of mechanical properties showed that the elastic modulus increased in the first microstructure and impact strength increased in the second microstructure. Mechanisms for the relationships between microstructure, processing, and mechanical properties are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric studies of mineral-filled epoxy (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Dielectric studies in epoxy and epoxy composites, containing different volume fractions of three different dielectric fillers, have been performed using the impedance bridge method for the high frequency region, 102 to 105 Hz, and the d.c. transient current method for the low frequency region, 10-4 to 10-1 Hz. It has been observed that, in the high frequency region, the dielectric constants of the epoxy composites increased with the addition of the dielectric filler and with the increase of the dielectric constant of the filler. The intensity of the β-relaxation was reduced for the composites compared to an equal volume of epoxy, owing to the decrease in the concentration of the diester segments in the composites. From the low frequency data, the epoxy and epoxy composites behaved more debye-like with increasing temperature. Also, the dielectric loss factor increased, but the thermal activation energy value to relaxation decreased two to four times in going from the unfilled to filled materials, which was thought to be attributed to Maxwell-Wagner buildup of interfacial charges at the epoxy/fillers interfaces.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160307
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