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  • Chemistry  (36)
  • Cloning, Molecular  (6)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 1995-1999  (42)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastin dehydration through the liquid and the vapor phase: A comparison of osmotic stress models (1996)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 39 (1996), S. 627-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The swelling and viscoelastic behaviors of samples of purified arterial elastin were investigated to develop a model for studying the viscoelastic behavior of elastin. Two osmotic stress models were used: the vapor phase model (VPM), in which the stress on the elastin sample was applied through the vapor phase by equilibrating the sample over a saline solution, and the liquid phase model (LPM), in which the stress was applied through the liquid phase by equilibrating the sample in aqueous solutions of large molecular weight polymers. The elastin in the VPM showed a highly varied viscoelastic response, and was slightly stiffer and had a slightly higher damping coefficient than the elastin in the LPM at equivalent nominal relative humidities. We believe the difference in behavior of the elastin in the two models was due to geometric distortions of the elastin that occur during dehydration in the VPM. In the LPM, the spaces between the elastin fibrils are filled with water, and in the VPM these spaces collapse when the water is removed. Removal of only the interfibrillar water deswelled the tissue and increased its stiffness and damping coefficient.Viscoelastic spectra obtained at different levels of osmotic stress in the LPM were reducible to one master curve, indicating that the dominant effect of dehydration is a nonspecific reduction of molecular mobility. We conclude that the LPM is a better model than the VPM for studying the effects of dehydration on the mechanical behavior of elastin. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 2
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    Structure of the VHL-ElonginC-ElonginB complex: implications for VHL tumor suppressor function (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: Mutation of the VHL tumor suppressor is associated with the inherited von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) cancer syndrome and the majority of kidney cancers. VHL binds the ElonginC-ElonginB complex and regulates levels of hypoxia-inducible proteins. The structure of the ternary complex at 2.7 angstrom resolution shows two interfaces, one between VHL and ElonginC and another between ElonginC and ElonginB. Tumorigenic mutations frequently occur in a 35-residue domain of VHL responsible for ElonginC binding. A mutational patch on a separate domain of VHL indicates a second macromolecular binding site. The structure extends the similarities to the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) complex that targets proteins for degradation, supporting the hypothesis that VHL may function in an analogous pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stebbins, C E -- Kaelin, W G Jr -- Pavletich, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):455-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Ligases ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; Surface Properties ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Molecular coproscopy: dung and diet of the extinct ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: DNA from excrements can be amplified by means of the polymerase chain reaction. However, this has not been possible with ancient feces. Cross-links between reducing sugars and amino groups were shown to exist in a Pleistocene coprolite from Gypsum Cave, Nevada. A chemical agent, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide, that cleaves such cross-links made it possible to amplify DNA sequences. Analyses of these DNA sequences showed that the coprolite is derived from an extinct sloth, presumably the Shasta ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis. Plant DNA sequences from seven groups of plants were identified in the coprolite. The plant assemblage that formed part of the sloth's diet exists today at elevations about 800 meters higher than the cave.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poinar, H N -- Hofreiter, M -- Spaulding, W G -- Martin, P S -- Stankiewicz, B A -- Bland, H -- Evershed, R P -- Possnert, G -- Paabo, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):402-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and Zoological Institute, University of Munich, Luisenstrasse 14, D-80333 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry/*isolation & purification ; DNA, Plant/chemistry/*isolation & purification ; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/*isolation & purification ; *Diet ; Feces/*chemistry ; *Fossils ; Maillard Reaction ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants/classification/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/genetics ; *Sloths/genetics ; Thiazoles
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A neuropeptide gene defined by the Drosophila memory mutant amnesiac (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: Mutations in genes required for associative learning and memory in Drosophila exist, but isolation of the genes has been difficult because most are defined by a single, chemically induced allele. Here, a simplified genetic screen was used to identify candidate genes involved in learning and memory. Second site suppressors of the dunce (dnc) female sterility phenotype were isolated with the use of transposon mutagenesis. One suppressor mutation that was recovered mapped in the amnesiac (amn) gene. Cloning of the locus revealed that amn encodes a previously uncharacterized neuropeptide gene. Thus, with the cloning of amn, specific neuropeptides are implicated in the memory process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feany, M B -- Quinn, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):869-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/chemistry/genetics ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/chemistry/*genetics ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Suppression, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Myt1: a membrane-associated inhibitory kinase that phosphorylates Cdc2 on both threonine-14 and tyrosine-15 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: Cdc2 is the cyclin-dependent kinase that controls entry of cells into mitosis. Phosphorylation of Cdc2 on threonine-14 and tyrosine-15 inhibits the activity of the enzyme and prevents premature initiation of mitosis. Although Wee1 has been identified as the kinase that phosphorylates tyrosine-15 in various organisms, the threonine-14-specific kinase has not been isolated. A complementary DNA was cloned from Xenopus that encodes Myt1, a member of the Wee1 family that was discovered to phosphorylate Cdc2 efficiently on both threonine-14 and tyrosine-15. Myt1 is a membrane-associated protein that contains a putative transmembrane segment. Immunodepletion studies suggested that Myt1 is the predominant threonine-14-specific kinase in Xenopus egg extracts. Myt1 activity is highly regulated during the cell cycle, suggesting that this relative of Wee1 plays a role in mitotic control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, P R -- Coleman, T R -- Kumagai, A -- Dunphy, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):86-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 216-76, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/*metabolism ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Interphase ; Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Oocytes/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Xenopus ; *Xenopus Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Purification and molecular cloning of Plx1, a Cdc25-regulatory kinase from Xenopus egg extracts (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-06
    Description: Cdc2, the cyclin-dependent kinase that controls mitosis, is negatively regulated by phosphorylation on its threonine-14 and tyrosine-15 residues. Cdc25, the phosphatase that dephosphorylates both of these residues, undergoes activation and phosphorylation by multiple kinases at mitosis. Plx1, a kinase that associates with and phosphorylates the amino-terminal domain of Cdc25, was purified extensively from Xenopus egg extracts. Cloning of its complementary DNA revealed that Plx1 is related to the Polo family of protein kinases. Recombinant Plx1 phosphorylated Cdc25 and stimulated its activity in a purified system. Cdc25 phosphorylated by Plx1 reacted strongly with MPM-2, a monoclonal antibody to mitotic phosphoproteins. These studies indicate that Plx1 may participate in control of mitotic progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumagai, A -- Dunphy, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 6;273(5280):1377-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 216-76, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/enzymology ; Peptide Mapping ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/analysis ; Phosphothreonine/analysis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Xenopus ; *Xenopus Proteins ; cdc25 Phosphatases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quartz dissolution kinetics from 100-200°C as a function of pH and ionic strength (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 3442-3457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Of importance to geothermal energy development, oil, gas and mineral recovery, and waste storage is the characterization of the dissolution rate of host reservoir rock as a function of temperature, pressure and liquid-phase composition. As a major constitutive mineral in natural geologic systems, quartz was selected for study. Dissolution experiments were carried out in a continuous-flow, titanium autoclave reactor system at 100-200°C in various chemical environments. Acidification to pH 1.1 using nitric acid showed very little effect on the quartz dissolution rate. The effect of hydroxide ion concentration and ionic strength were evaluated in NaOH, NaOH/NaCl and NaOH/Na2SO4 solutions. The fractional-order dependency of the quartz dissolution rate on hydroxide ion and sodium ion (or ionic strength) concentration was determined in NaOH/NaCl solutions. The results that extend the available range of kinetic data for quartz generally agree with previous work. The observed fractional-order kinetics were qualitatively described using classical adsorption isotherms. No significant variation in the apparent reaction order of the hydroxide ion with increasing temperature could be determined due to the scatter in the data. Quartz dissolution rates were slower by about 40% in NaOH/Na2SO4 solutions than in NaOH/NaCl solutions at sodium concentrations higher than 0.01 molal. The apparent activation energy from 100 to 200°C in NaOH/NaCl solutions up to 0.01 molal hydroxide ion and 0.1 molal sodium ion was estimated to be 72 (±6) kJ/mol.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690421214
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow regimes of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas-solids circulating fluidized beds have been successfully used in catalytic cracking of heavy oil, coal combustion, and some metallurgical and physical processes (Grace, 1990). Gas-liquid-solids fluidized beds are operated mainly in conventional fluidization regimes without solids circulation or in the transport regime with low solids holdups (less than 5%) (Fan, 1989). A circulating/fast fluidization regime, however, has not been studied. A three-phase circulating fluidized bed has several potential applications in biochemical and chemical processes. Three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors generally use light and small particles (Berk et al., 1984). Circulating operation can promote solids mixing and increase product throughput per unit bed cross section, while high shear stress can promote biofilm renewal (Pirozzi et al., 1990). In three-phase hydrotreating reactors, solids catalysts lose their activity due to the deposit of metal and coke on the surface. Circulating operation not only regenerates deactivated catalyst continuously using accompanying downcomers but also transfers heat to and from the reactor. This article discusses the flow regimes of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dynamic interfacial properties on droplet breakup in plane hyperbolic flow (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1436-1447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Droplet breakup in laminar flows is important in emulsification processes and polymer blending. The influence of surfactants on droplet deformation and breakup in a plane hyperbolic flow was studied experimentally in an opposed-stream device. As in the case of simple shear flow, the inhomogeneity of the surfactant distribution along the droplet interface has a pronounced effect. Our results are qualitatively consistent with other numerical studies for droplet breakup in an axisymmetric elongational flow. Also a striking similarity is noted with other experimental observations for the deformation and breakup of polymeric drops in a quasi-steady-plane hyperbolic flow. The critical capillary number for droplet breakup in the experiments correlates with the interfacial viscoelasticity, and a reformulation of the numerical framework in terms of interfacial elasticity parameters is suggested for future numerical work including other linear flows.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated polyester diol-polyurethane composite networks (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240 (1996), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This article introduced the formation of an unsaturated polyester/diol-polyurethane hybrid polymer networks(UP/PU HPNs). The phase behavior was examined by the dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology was investigated by transmission microscope(TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM). The effect of phase separation on mechanical properties is briefly described as well.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052400114
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