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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant microwave power absorption in slabs and cylinders (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 615-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Resonant power absorption is an important phenomenon during microwave heating. The resonances that occur when plane electromagnetic waves are incident on infinitely long cylinders and slabs are investigated as a function of sample dimensions. For cylinders two kinds of incident waves are studied: TMz when the electric field is oriented along the axis of the cylinder and TEz when the magnetic field is oriented along the axis. At a resonant condition the overage power absorbed by the sample is a local maximum. Due to attenuation within the sample the resonances decrease in intensity as the sample size increases. Using the dielectric properties of water, resonances are found to be a function of the ratio of the sample dimension to the wavelength of radiation, λs, in the sample. For slabs of thickness L and integer values of n, resonances occurred at L/λs = 0.5n; for cylinders of diameter D, resonances occurred at D/λs = 0.5n - 0.257. The generality of these relations to predict resonances in other food samples are shown using existing dielectric data. Resonances in cylinders for both polarizations occurred at similar radii. However, the radius at which the first resonance occurred for the TMz case was absent in the TEz case.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AIChE journal: More diverse and timely (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 445-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting of fiber mats for composites manufacturing: II. Air entrapment model (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2274-2281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this work the experimental observations are explained with the aid of a simple air-entrapment model based on the concept of two levels of porosity of fiber mats. A simple model that includes liquid bypassing with initial air trapping, subsequent capillary invasion of regular fiber bundles with air compression, and finally mobilization is proposed to explain air-entrapment phenomena. The simple model successfully rationalizes the observed air trapping and compression during initial liquid-fiber contact. An empirical equation for the mobilization efficiency is adapted to the model to estimate void content. The velocity dependence of the trapped void content predicted by the model is in good agreement with observations.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690411010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeation studies on oriented single-crystal ferrierite membranes (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Large, high-quality, single crystals of pure-silica ferrierite are synthesized, and the structure is described. Selected individual crystals (approximately 600 μm X 500 μm X 20 μm) are mounted in a membrane configuration so that only the 10-membered-ring channels (5.4 Å X 5.4 Å X 4.2 Å) or the 8-membered-ring channels (4.6 Å X 3.7 Å X 3.0 Å) are accessible for gas-molecule permeation. The first examples of transport exclusively through 8- or 10-membered-ring channel systems are reported and obtained through crystal orientation in the membrane. A series. of adsorption experiments are conducted to help select suitable probe molecules and evaluate the role of adsorption in the permeation process for single-crystal membranes. Methane, n-butane, isobutane and nitrogen probe molecules are used to study intracrystalline sorption and transport effects for different crystal orientations, pressures and temperatures. Both pure-gas selectivities and mixed-gas separation factors are reported. A mixed-gas separation factor of n-butane/isobutane = 116 for the 10-membered-ring orientation of the crystal at 383 K and a transmembrane pressure difference of 1.01 X 105 Pa are found using this technique. In addition, molecular sieving is observed for the 8-membered-ring orientation of the crystal since methane, but not butane, transport is observed for this crystal orientation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of multiresponse estimation to a wetted wall column model (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2327-2332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690411018
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting of fiber mats for composites manufacturing: I. Visualization experiments (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2261-2273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Wetting of glass fibers was visualized using an oil with the same refractive index. With both a video-enhanced microscope and a high-magnification video camera we followed the flow front and qualitatively measured the entrapped air bubbles by image analysis. Due to different permeabilities between the fiber mats and bundles, air bubbles are entrapped. Two major kinds of air bubbles are observed: small cylindrical micro voids between fiber filaments (inside fiber bundles) and spherical macro voids outside fiber bundles. These air bubbles can be described by three major mechanisms initial liquid bypassing/air trapping, later capillary invasion of disordered fiber bundles, and air bubble mobilization. Both random and unidirectional fiber mats were used in this study. Vacuum as well as different fluid viscosities and surface tensions were also investigated, which led us to guidelines of optimum processing parameters of fiber wetting for resin transfer molding and structural reaction injection molding. They are low viscosity, vacuum, high mold temperature, and high pressure.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690411009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-flow microfiltration with high-frequency reverse filtration (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 501-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A primary method of reducing membrane fouling during cross-flow microfiltration is periodic reverse filtration. This in situ method of cleaning the membrane forces clear fluid in the reverse direction through the membrane and readjusts the particle or solute accumulation on the retentate side of the membrane. This work focuses on the design of a high-frequency, reverse-filtration strategy to maximize the flux for washed yeast suspensions through 0.2- μm cellulose acetate flat sheet membranes. Several experiments were conducted with reverse-filtration times ranging from 0.5-4 s and forward-filtration times ranging from 1-40 s. For every back-filtration time, there exists an optimum forward-filtration time that gives the maximum global average flux. The optimum average flux increases with decreasing back filtration times and feed concentrations, but shows little dependence on cross-flow velocity and reverse filtration transmembrane pressure. The optimum flux with rapid backflushing is 20 to 30 times higher than the long-term flux in the absence of backflushing. A theory presented assumes that cake formation during forward filtration follows dead-end filtration theory and the cake is instantly removed during reverse filtration. The measured average flux per cycle follows the trends predicted by the theory, but the measured values exceed the predictions, presumably due to brief delays in cake removal and cake formation at the start of reverse and forward filtration, respectively, during each cycle.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The performance of sulfonate salt-containing polycarbonate products in flammability testing (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1 (1995), S. 114-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sulfonate salts are commonly employed together with other standard flame retardant (FR) additives to improve FR performance in polycarbonate resins. The structure and loading level of the salt and the synergistic FR additives determine the level of FR performance. The salts show varying levels of FR effetiveness as measured by different flammability test methods. In this paper, two common sulfonate salt additives in Lexan polycarbonate resins are discussed. FR effectiveness measured by UL94, OSU and cone calorimeter flammability testing, physical and mechanical properties, and processability of the thermoplastic products are compared. TGA-IR studies and the ability to predict FR performance are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730010214
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