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  • Chemistry  (32)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (17)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (35)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of liquid crystalline structure formation on the curing kinetics of an epoxy resin (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1105-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: liquid crystalline ; epoxy ; kinetic ; curing ; smectic ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The curing kinetics of a system containing 4,4′-diglycidyloxy-α-methylstilbene (DOMS) and different functionality amines, N-ethylaniline (NEA), aniline, benzenesulfonamide (BSA), and sulfanilamide (SAA), have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal conditions. The phase transformations during curing of the systems have been monitored by a crosspolarized optical microscope equipped with a hot-stage and photo detector. It has been found that the growth of a nematic liquid crystal structure does not cause a discrepancy from the autocatalytic model for the reactions between aniline and epoxy. There is no liquid crystalline structure formed for the systems containing NEA or BSA, which follow the autocatalytic kinetic models within the temperature range of 120-150°C. For the curing reactions between DOMS and SAA, there is a big deviation from the autocatalytic model when the liquid crystals transfer from a nematic structure to a smectic structure. Unlike the usual decrease of reaction rate resulting from diffusion in a heterogeneous reaction, the reaction rate is enhanced. A modified kinetic model has been constructed for this reaction system by introducing a pseudoconcentration term caused from the liquid crystalline structure formation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1105-1124, 1997
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of tetraalkylphosphonium-tetrafluoroborate-tetrafluoroboric acid in the curing of a liquid crystalline epoxy resin (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1457-1471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: epoxy ; catalyst ; liquid crystalline ; kinetic ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetraalkylphosphonium-Tetrafluoroborate-Tetrafluoroboric Acid was used as a catalyst in the curing of a liquid crystalline epoxy. Under some conditions the Tetraalkylphosphonium-Tetrafluoroborate-Tetrafluoroboric Acid actually retarded the reaction. An extensive experimental and kinetic analysis is presented anda mechanism for the reaction retardation is proposed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1457-1471, 1998
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of permanent cell lines from inner cell mass cells of bovine blastocysts (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 444-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: ES cells ; Pluripotent ; Bovine embryos ; Nuclear transfer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Inner cell masses (ICM) from in vitro produced day 8 or 9 bovine blastocysts were isolated by immunosurgery and cultured under different conditions in order to establish which of two feeder cell types and culture media were most efficient in supporting attachment and outgrowth of the bovine ICM cells. The efficiency of attachment and outgrowth of the ICM cells could be markedly improved when STO feeder cells were used instead of bovine uterus epithelial cells, and by using charcoal-stripped serum instead of normal serum to supplement the culture medium. More than 20 stable cell lines were obtained. Some of these lines were examined by immunofluorescence for developmentally regulated markers. From these results we conclude that the cell lines resemble epithelial cells, rather than pluripotent ICM cells. The developmental potential of cells of one of the lines was tested in the nuclear transfer assay. The cell line could support the initial development of enucleated oocytes, but none of the reconstructed embryos passed the eight-cell block. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrosynthetic immobilisation of proteins for bioanalysis (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 8 (1998), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: biosensor ; protein immobilisation ; protein modification ; electrochemistry ; nitrotyrosine ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Use of electrosynthetic methodology allows the production of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) either mononitrated at tyrosine 23 or bisnitrated at tyrosines 20 and 23, but never nitrated at tyrosine 53. This is a different sequence from that obtained by the chemical nitrating agent tetranitromethane, and when reduced by dithionite, the selectively modified enzyme can be anchored at pH 5 via the unique aromatic amino group to magnetic beads or other suitable matrices. HEWL so immobilised loses less than 10% of cell-wall lytic activity compared with the approximately 50% loss of activity when immobilised by conventional methodology at pH 9 via essentially random reaction at lysine residues and other functionalities which are nucleophilic at this pH. This result offers promise as a general method for selective protein immobilisation in biosensors and similar applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent concentration measurement for spin coating (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 717-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Planarization of spin-coated polymer films is of great importance for the lithographic process in the microelectronic industry. Solvent retention is an important factor for determining the coating profile during spinning. In this research, solutions of polystyrene in toluene are spin-coated. The coating concentration during spinning is measured on-line using a laser interferometry technique. The optical measurement is evaluated by an off-line gel permeation chromatograph technique. The experiments indicate that a smooth coating surface is required to use the optical method for concentration measurement. The optical technique also provides information regarding the coating surface structure during spinning. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070570607
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-time in situ monitoring of the thermal cure of a bisphenol cyanate: A view toward intelligent processing (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A dispersive fiber-optic Raman spectrometer was used to remotely monitor, in real-time, the local temperature and the extent of reaction of a commercial cyanate ester polymer (AroCy L-10). The local temperature was determined by solving the Boltzmann relation governing the intensity ratio of the Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering of a reference mode which does not vary with the reaction chemistry. The extent of the reaction can be monitored using either individual peaks assciated with the reactant or product or by using the entire spectrum and principal component multivariate calibration. The use of principal component analysis has distinct advantages over the single-peak method. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Comparative Solvatochromism of Arylazo and Heteroarylazo Compounds Based On N,N-Diethyl-m-acetylaminoaniline and N,N-Diethyl-m-toluidine (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 3 (1997), S. 1719-1727 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: azo compounds ; dyes ; heterocycles ; correlation analysis ; solvato-chromism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Azobenzene dyes derived from various anilines and aminothiaheterocycles azo-coupled with commercially important N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine (T series) and N,N-diethyl-m-acetylaminoani-line (A series) are positively solva-tochromic. The visible spectra of 16 pairs of derivatives have been measured in up to 22 solvents, and the transition energies related to Kamlet-Taft solvent polarity parameters. In general, A-series dyes are more bathochromic than their T-series counterparts in nonpolar solvents, consistent with colour chemistry tradition. However, in more dipolar solvents the more bathochromic T-series representatives unexpectedly become more bathochromic than their A-series partners. The relative solvatochromic shifts of the A and T series are related to their respective dipole moments. These in turn are distinguished by the effect of the anilide carbonyl group dipole moment, which is antiparallel to, and thus reduces, the dipole moment of the chromogen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19970031021
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double inhibition model for degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida Q5 (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 560-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phenol degradation ; Pseudomonas putida ; inhibition model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semiempirical model, based on the presence of an inhibitory intermediate metabolite excreted to the broth, was developed to better predict the dynamic responses to shock loadings of Pseudomonas putida Q5 degrading phenol. Compared to the Haldane equation, the new model exhibited better prediction capabilities for a broad range of inlet concentration and dilution rate step changes. The experiments were performed at 10° and 25°C and ranged from stable responses to washouts. The time delays observed experimentally were successfully predicted with the dual-inhibition model and a very good agreement with the observed phenol profile also was found in a pulse experiment. A possible intermediate metabolite was detected by HPLC analyses based on the high correlation shown with the predicted inhibitory intermediate metabolite in the model. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 560-567, 1998.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of semibatch polymerization reactors: II. Pilot-plant study (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semibatch flow scheduling strategy proposed by Teymour and Ray (1989, 1996) is evaluated for a polymerization reaction conducted in a pilot-plant reactor. The reaction used is the free radical terpolymerization of styrene, α-methyl styrene, and acrylic acid monomers initiated by an organic peroxide initiator and carried out in the presence of a reactive glycol ether solvent. This strategy was tested in both single batch and sequential semibatch modes. The process was shown to produce polymer of constant molecular weight properties and composition as inferred from acid number and monomer conversion measurements. This process could be used for obtaining polymer products from a semibatch reactor that are of comparable quality to CSTR products. Results indicate success of this process at meeting this objective; however, practical considerations relating to agitation and temperature control need to be properly addressed to ensure this success.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430118
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge state assignment from schiff-base adducts in low resolution electrospray mass spectra of protein mixtures and dissociation products (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Schiff-bases formed by reaction between ketones and free amine sites in proteins yield mass-shifted ions that are useful in assigning charge states in low resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra of mixtures and dissociation products. The technique is attractive for those mass analyzers incapable of achieving sufficient resolving power to distinguish the 13C-isotope distribution within an individual charge state. Instead, acetone is used here to append a C3H4 group to the protein and achieve a forty-fold reduction in the necessary mass resolution for charge state determination. The utility of Schiff-base adducts for assigning charge states among a mixture of proteins is demonstrated; here, the molecular weights for horse myoglobin (MW 16 950) and cytochrome c (MW 12 360) in a two component mixture are unambiguously determined from a mass spectrum with a mass resolution of only 800. The —C=N— bond formed by the Schiff base is sufficiently strong to survive ion dissociation processes and permit assignment of charge state to fragment ions in tandem mass spectrometry experiments. For example, adducted sequence ions are observed in high yield when a melittin/acetone solution is subjected to nozzle-skimmer dissociation conditions in the electrospray process. Other advantages of Schiff-base reaction include site-specificity and minimal alteration to the charge state. This site-specific binding feature appears to be promising method for locating the lysine groups in structural characterization by tandem mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300118
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