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  • Space Radiation  (11)
  • Plodia interpunctella  (2)
  • Biological control  (1)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 105 (1996), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plodia interpunctella ; Venturia canescens ; Cannibalism ; Population dynamics ; Biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of host cannibalism on a host-parasitoid system were explored through experiment and modelling. In individual encounters between parasitized and unparasitized Plodia interpunctella larvae, parasitized larvae were more likely to be cannibalized. Inclusion of this differential cannibalism into a simple Lotka-Volterra-type model of host-parasitoid population dynamics generates alternative stable states-including stable coexistence and extinction of the parasitoid — which depend on starting conditions. Possible mechanisms for differential cannibalism, and its implications for studies of host-parasitoid populations and biological control programmes are discussed.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Plodia interpunctella ; Venturia canescens ; Corcyra cephalonica ; defensive behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résmé Les intéractions, sur le plan comportemental, entre le parasitoïde solitaire koïnobionte,Venturia canescens et deux de ses hôtes,Plodia interpunctella etCorcyra cephalonica ont fait l'objet de cette étude. La réponse des deux hôtes à une exploration antennaire simulée à l'aide d'un pinceau à 2 poils différait selon qu'il s'agissait des petites larves du 3e stade ou des grosses larves du 5e stade. En réponse à ce stimulus, les jeunes larves deP. interpunctella adoptaient principalement un comportement de fuite (en se contorsionnant ou en se débattant) alors que les larves de 3e stade deC. cephalonica se montraient plus agressives (en rejetant la tête en arrière et en donnant des coups de patte). Au stade L5, les larves deP. interpunctella s'immobilisaient après l'application du stimulus, alors que celles deC. cephalonica avaient une réponse moins agressive qu'aux stades précédents. Alors queV. canescens enfoncait rapidement son ovipositeur dans les 2 hôtes après une exploration antennaire,P. interpunctella était nettement plus sensible à l'attaque du parasitoïde queC. cephalonica, et ce sans tenir compte de la taille du dernier stade (L5).C. cephalonica, l'hôte le plus grand et le plus agressif, résiste activement au parasitisme tandis quePlodia répond de façon beaucoup plus passive au contact du parasitoïde. Les parasitoïdes examinent les hôtes morts et y enfoncent leur ovipositeur, mais les attaques ne sont pas poursuivies et les femelles s'en désintéressent rapidement. Sur des sites oùV. canescens est en présence de larves du 5e stade deC. cephalonica on deP. interpunctella, la plupart des larves deP. interpunctella répondaient au contact avec le parasitoïde par l'immobilité, alors que les larves deC. cephalonica adoptaient une attitude un peu plus agressive. Les larves deP. interpunctella qui s'immobilisaient échappaient habituellement au parasitisme tandis que celles qui tentaient de fuir étaient poursuivies avec vigueur par le parasitoïde et généralement parasitées. En dépit de leur comportement après le contact,C. cephalonica évitait l'attaque avec plus de succès. L'acceptation de l'hôte parV. canescens est clairement dépendante de la taille et l'espèce de l'hôte qu'il attaque. Le rôle du comportement défensif de l'hôte est discuté en relation avec l'évolution de comportement de contre-défense du parasitoïde et de ses stratégies d'oviposition.
    Notes: Abstract Behavioural interactions between the solitary koinobiont parasitoid,Venturia canescens, and two of its hosts,Plodia interpunctella andCorcyra cephalonica, were investigated. The response of both hosts to simulated antennation using a two-haired brush was examined over instars 3 (L3) to 5 (L5). YoungP. interpunctella larvae predominantly adopted escape tactics (writhe, trash) whereas L5P. interpunctella usually froze after the stimulus was applied. L3C. cephalonica larvae were more aggressive (headrear, flick) thanP. interpunctella in response to the application of the stimulus, but olderC. cephalonica responded less aggressively than in earlier instars. AlthoughV. canescens readily jabbed its ovipositor at both hosts after antennation,P. interpunctella was considerably more susceptible to parasitoid attack thanC. cephalonica, irrespective of size in the final (L5) instar.C. cephalonica, the larger, more aggressive host, actively resisted parasitism whereasP. interpunctella responded much more passively after parasitoid contact. Parasitoids examined and jabbed their ovipositors at dead hosts, but this behaviour was not sustained, implying that host movement stimulates parasitoid attack. On patches containingV. canescens, L5C. cephalonica andP. interpunctella, mostP. interpunctella larvae responded by freezing after parasitoid contact.P. interpunctella that froze usually avoided parasitism, whereas larvae that attempted to escape by crawling were pursued with vigour byV. canescens and usually parasitized. Irrespective of behaviour after parasitoid contact,C. cephalonia displayed more aggressive behaviour and had much greater success in warding off parasitoid attack. Host acceptance byV. canescens is clearly affected by the size and species of the host it attacks. The influence of host defensive behaviour is discussed in relation to the evolution of parasitoid counter-defences and oviposition strategies.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple 13C-NMR method for the quantitative determination of polyflavonoid tannin characteristics was developed. The system is effective for use on concentrated (25-50%) solutions of natural and modified tannins. It allows the determination of the average degree of polymerization (DPn) of the polyflavonoid, resorcinol vs. phloroglucinol proportion of the A-ring and catechol vs. pyrogallol proportion of the B-ring. The results obtained are consistent with existing data determined by other techniques. The method was also tried with tannin extract that was modified to form thermosetting adhesive intermediates, and with tannin modified by sulfonation, a common commercial modification for these materials. The results were again consistent with what was expected. The method affords the possibility to follow by a simple technique the variations in DPn and MM̄n (number-average molecular weight) induced by chemical modifications of polyflavonoid tannin extracts and thus to correlate them with relevant structural modifications affecting these parameters. The method is not capable of distinguishing the relative proportions of the four important flavonoid units present in commercial polymeric tannin extract. It can only distinguish the relative proportions of (i) (procyanidins + prodelphinidins) vs. (profisetinidins + prorobinetinidins) and (ii) (prorobinetinidins + prodelphinidins) vs. (profisetinidins + procyanidins). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The 3rd EGRET Catalog contains 170 unidentified high-energy (E〉100 MeV) gamma-ray sources, and there is great interest in the nature of these sources. One means of determining sources class is the study of flux variability on time scales of days; pulsars are believed to be stable on these scales while blazars are known to be highly variable. In addition, previous work has led to the discovery of 2CG 135+01 and GRO J1838-04, candidates for a new high-energy gamma-ray source class. These sources display transient behavior but cannot be associated with any known blazars. These considerations have led us to conduct a systematic search for short-term variability in EGRET data, covering all viewing periods through cycle 4. Three unidentified sources show some evidence of variability on short time scales; the source displaying the most convincing variability, 3EG J2006-2321, is not easily identified as a blazar.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Sep 15, 1999 - Sep 17, 1999; Portsmouth, NH; United States|EGRET Team Papers to be Published in the Proceedings of the Fifth Compton Symposium
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The source 3EG J1835+5918 was discovered early in the CGRO (Compton Gamma Ray Observatory) mission by EGRET as a bright unidentified gamma-ray source outside the galactic plane. Especially remarkable, it has not been possible to identify this object with any known counterpart in any other wavelengths band since then. Analyzing our recent ROSAT HRI observation, for the first time we are able to suggest X-ray counterparts of 3EG J1835+5918. The discovered X-ray sources were subject of deep optical investigations in order to reveal their nature and conclude on the possibility of being counterparts for this peculiar gamma-ray source.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: EGRET Team Papers to be Published in the Proceedings of the Fifth Compton Symposium|Sep 15, 1999 - Sep 17, 1999; Portsmouth, NH; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During analysis of sources below the threshold of the third EGRET catalog, we have discovered a source, named GRO J1400-3956 based on the best position, with a remarkably steep spectrum. Archival analysis of COMPTEL data shows that the spectrum must have a strong turn-over in the energy range between COMPTEL and EGRET. The EGRET data show some evidence of time variability, suggesting an AGN, but the spectral change of slope is larger than that seen for most gamma-ray blazars. The sharp cutoff resembles the high-energy spectral breaks seen in some gamma-ray pulsars. There have as yet been no OSSE observations of this source.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: EGRET Team Papers to be Published in the Proceedings of the Fifth Compton Symposium|Sep 15, 1999 - Sep 17, 1999; Portsmouth, NH; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mrk 501 is the third TeV blazar with a known GeV component. Previous multiwavelength campaigns on Mrk 501 showed well correlated outbursts at x-ray and TeV energies with no significant activity at GeV energies. We present here new evidence suggesting GeV outbursts in Mrk 501 when the spectrum appears to be extremely hard. However, this outburst appears uncorrelated with emission at x-ray energies. The resulting spectral energy distribution suggests a sharp cut off in the high-energy emission beyond a few hundred GeV.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Sep 15, 1999 - Sep 17, 1999; Portsmouth, NH; United States|EGRET Team Papers to be Published in the Proceedings of the Fifth Compton Symposium
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The third catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the EGRET telescope on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory includes data from 1991 April 22 to 1995 October 3 (Cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the mission). In addition to including more data than the second EGRET catalog and its supplement, this catalog uses completely reprocessed data (to correct a number of mostly minimal errors and problems). The 271 sources (E greater than 100 MeV) in the catalog include the single 1991 solar flare bright enough to be detected as a source, the Large Magellanic Cloud, five pulsars, one probable radio galaxy detection (Cen A), and 66 high-confidence identifications of blazars (BL Lac objects, flat-spectrum radio quasars, or unidentified flat-spectrum radio sources). In addition, 27 lower-confidence potential blazar identifications are noted. Finally, the catalog contains 170 sources not yet identified firmly with known objects, although potential identifications have been suggested for a number of those. A figure is presented that gives approximate upper limits for gamma-ray sources at any point in the sky, as well as information about sources listed in the second catalog and its supplement which do not appear in this catalog.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The telescopes on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) have observed PSR B1055-52 a number of times between 1991 and 1998. From these data, a more detailed picture of the gamma radiation from this source has been developed, showing several characteristics which distinguish this pulsar: the light curve is complex; there is no detectable unpulsed emission; the energy spectrum is flat, with no evidence of a sharp high-energy cutoff up to greater than 4 GeV. Comparisons of the gamma-ray data with observations at longer wavelengths show that no two of the known gamma-ray pulsars have quite the same characteristics; this diversity makes interpretation in terms of theoretical models difficult.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The third catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the EGRET telescope on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory includes data from 1991 April 22 to 1995 October 3 (Cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the mission). In addition to including more data than the second EGRET catalog (Thompson et al. 1995) and its supplement (Thompson et al. 1996), this catalog uses completely reprocessed data (to correct a number of mostly minimal errors and problems). The 271 sources (E greater than 100 MeV) in the catalog include the single 1991 solar flare bright enough to be detected as a source, the Large Magellanic Cloud, five pulsars, one probable radio galaxy detection (Cen A), and 66 high-confidence identifications of blazars (BL Lac objects, flat-spectrum radio quasars, or unidentified flat-spectrum radio sources). In addition, 27 lower-confidence potential blazar identifications are noted. Finally, the catalog contains 170 sources not yet identified firmly with known objects, although potential identifications have been suggested for a number of those. A figure is presented that gives approximate upper limits for gamma-ray sources at any point in the sky, as well as information about sources listed in the second catalog and its supplement which do not appear in this catalog.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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