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  • Molecular Sequence Data  (39)
  • Female  (16)
  • Mice  (14)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (10)
  • 1995-1999  (58)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of heterotrophic layer formation on nitrifying biofilms in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: airlift reactor ; biofilm ; biofilm detachment ; control biofilm formation ; heterotrophic layer ; hydraulic retention time ; nitrification ; oxygen diffusion limitation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Biofilm Airlift Suspension (BAS) reactor was operated with nitrifying biofilm growth and heterotrophic suspended growth, simultaneously converting ammonium and acetate. Growth of heterotrophs in suspension decreases the diffusion limitation for the nitrifiers, and enlarges the nitrifying capacity of a biofilm reactor. Neither nitrifiers nor heterotrophs suffer from additional oxygen diffusion limitation when the heterotrophs grow in suspension. Control of the location of heterotrophic growth, either in suspension or in biofilms over the nitrifying biofilms, was possible by manipulation of the hydraulic retention time. A time delay for formation and disappearance of the heterotrophic biofilms of 10 to 15 days was observed. Surprisingly, it was found that in the presence of the heterotrophic layers the maximum specific activity on ammonia of the nitrifying biofilms increased. The reason for the increase in activity is unknown. The effect of heterotrophic biofilm formation on oxygen diffusion limitation for the nitrifiers is discussed. Some phenomena compensating the increased mass transfer resistance due to the growth of a heterotrophic layer are also presented. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 397-405, 1997.
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  • 2
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    Purification and cloning of aggrecanase-1: a member of the ADAMTS family of proteins (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-05
    Description: We purified, cloned, and expressed aggrecanase, a protease that is thought to be responsible for the degradation of cartilage aggrecan in arthritic diseases. Aggrecanase-1 [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4)] is a member of the ADAMTS protein family that cleaves aggrecan at the glutamic acid-373-alanine-374 bond. The identification of this protease provides a specific target for the development of therapeutics to prevent cartilage degradation in arthritis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tortorella, M D -- Burn, T C -- Pratta, M A -- Abbaszade, I -- Hollis, J M -- Liu, R -- Rosenfeld, S A -- Copeland, R A -- Decicco, C P -- Wynn, R -- Rockwell, A -- Yang, F -- Duke, J L -- Solomon, K -- George, H -- Bruckner, R -- Nagase, H -- Itoh, Y -- Ellis, D M -- Ross, H -- Wiswall, B H -- Murphy, K -- Hillman, M C Jr -- Hollis, G F -- Newton, R C -- Magolda, R L -- Trzaskos, J M -- Arner, E C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Inflammatory Diseases Research, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, DE 19880-0400, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins ; Aggrecans ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arthritis/drug therapy ; Cartilage/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disintegrins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Metalloendopeptidases/*chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Procollagen N-Endopeptidase ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Mutation of a gene encoding a protein with extracellular matrix motifs in Usher syndrome type IIa (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: Usher syndrome type IIa (OMIM 276901), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss and progressive retinitis pigmentosa, maps to the long arm of human chromosome 1q41 between markers AFM268ZD1 and AFM144XF2. Three biologically important mutations in Usher syndrome type IIa patients were identified in a gene (USH2A) isolated from this critical region. The USH2A gene encodes a protein with a predicted size of 171.5 kilodaltons that has laminin epidermal growth factor and fibronectin type III motifs; these motifs are most commonly observed in proteins comprising components of the basal lamina and extracellular matrixes and in cell adhesion molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eudy, J D -- Weston, M D -- Yao, S -- Hoover, D M -- Rehm, H L -- Ma-Edmonds, M -- Yan, D -- Ahmad, I -- Cheng, J J -- Ayuso, C -- Cremers, C -- Davenport, S -- Moller, C -- Talmadge, C B -- Beisel, K W -- Tamayo, M -- Morton, C C -- Swaroop, A -- Kimberling, W J -- Sumegi, J -- 5PO1 DC01813-05/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC03402/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY07003/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 12;280(5370):1753-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9624053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Cochlea/chemistry ; Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Fibronectins/chemistry ; Frameshift Mutation ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Recessive ; Glycosylation ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/*genetics ; Humans ; Laminin/chemistry ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Retina/chemistry ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/*genetics ; Syndrome ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: The complete nucleotide sequence (580,070 base pairs) of the Mycoplasma genitalium genome, the smallest known genome of any free-living organism, has been determined by whole-genome random sequencing and assembly. A total of only 470 predicted coding regions were identified that include genes required for DNA replication, transcription and translation, DNA repair, cellular transport, and energy metabolism. Comparison of this genome to that of Haemophilus influenzae suggests that differences in genome content are reflected as profound differences in physiology and metabolic capacity between these two organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, C M -- Gocayne, J D -- White, O -- Adams, M D -- Clayton, R A -- Fleischmann, R D -- Bult, C J -- Kerlavage, A R -- Sutton, G -- Kelley, J M -- Fritchman, R D -- Weidman, J F -- Small, K V -- Sandusky, M -- Fuhrmann, J -- Nguyen, D -- Utterback, T R -- Saudek, D M -- Phillips, C A -- Merrick, J M -- Tomb, J F -- Dougherty, B A -- Bott, K F -- Hu, P C -- Lucier, T S -- Peterson, S N -- Smith, H O -- Hutchison, C A 3rd -- Venter, J C -- AI33161/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AIO8998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL19171/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):397-403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Biological Transport/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Haemophilus influenzae/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycoplasma/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheologies and morphologies of three actinomycetes in submerged culture (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 80-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: rheology ; morphology ; actinomycete ; Saccharopolyspora erythraea ; Actinomadura roseorufa ; Streptomyces rimosus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The broth rheologies and morphologies of three actinomycetes (Saccharopolyspora erythraea, Actinomadura roseorufa, and Streptomyces rimosus) in submerged culture have been examined. The rheology of all the broths became pseudoplastic as soon as significant growth occurred with the power law index, n, falling to 0.20 to 0.25. The consistency index, K, rose with biomass concentration although in some instances it fell later in the fermentation. The mean main hyphal lengths of all cultures were in the range, 15 to 25 μm, and did not alter greatly even when large changes in K were occurring. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operational patterns affecting lactic acid production in ultrafiltration cell recycle bioreactor (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 320-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell recycle reactor ; ultrafiltration tubular membranes ; high lactic acid productivities ; best operational conditions ; different dilution rates ; start-up strategy ; membrane permeability ; long-term fermentations ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lactic acid production with cell recycling on an ultrafiltration tubular membrane reactor was studied; higher lactic acid concentrations as well as productivities were obtained under long-term fermentations compared with other high cell density systems. Different operational conditions, namely dilution rates and start-up modes, were assessed. Performances were very different at the three different dilution rates tested (D = 0.20 h-1, D = 0.40 h-1, or D = 0.58 h-1). The different behaviours are discussed and factors responsible for them are presented. The best way to operate for lactic acid production is chosen, the dilution rate of D = 0.40 h-1 being the one providing the best overall performance. On the other hand, results show that of the two start-up modes tested, continuous start (membrane open) permits higher permeabilities throughout the operational runs than batch start (membrane closed). Operational stability was found to be directly associated with membranes that work at “steady state,” the membrane permeability being kept around 15 L/m2 h. Optimized cell bleed can improve time of operation if such membrane permeability can be maintained for a longer time. A comparison of results with those obtained in other lactic acid production systems is presented; such comparison shows that this tubular ultrafiltration membrane cell recycle reactor presents three important advantages: (1) concomitant lactic acid concentrations and productivities; (2) long periods of operation at reasonable permeabilities; and (3) good mechanical stability permitting the use of steam sterilization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450406
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyphenoloxidases immobilized in organic gels: Properties and applications in the detoxification of aromatic compounds (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phenoloxidases ; enzyme immobilization ; reverse micelles ; organic gels ; biotic detoxification ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gelatine gels originate from water in oil microemulsions in which the ternary system consists of isooctane/ sulfosuccinic acid bis [2-ethyl hexyl] ester/water; the solubilization of gelatin in the water pool of these microemulsions transforms them into viscous gels in which it is possible to cosolubilize various reactive molecules. These gels were used to immobilize two phenoloxidases, a laccase from Trametes versicolor and a tyrosinase from mushroom. The best balance between gel retention and catalytic activity was reached at a gelatine concentration of 2.5% (w/v) in the case of tyrosinase, while laccase immobilization was independent of gelatine concentration. Both enzymes kept the same optimum pH as the corresponding soluble controls, while a partial loss of activity was observed when they were immobilized. Immobilized enzymes showed an increased stability when incubated for several days at 4°C with a very low release from the gels in the incubation solutions. The immobilization of tyrosinase and of laccase enhanced stability to thermal inactivation. Furthermore, gel-entrapped tyrosinase was almost completely preserved from proteolysis: more than 80% of the activity was maintained, while only 25% of the soluble control activity was detected after the same proteolytic treatments. A column packed with gel-immobilized tyrosinase was used to demonstrate that enzymes immobilized with this technique may be reused several times in the same reaction without loosing their efficiency. Finally, gel-entrapped tyrosinase and laccase were capable of removing naturally occurring and xeno-biotic aromatic compounds from aqueous suspensions with different degrees of efficiency. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The primary production of an infectious recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus vaccine (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 262-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 ; DISC HSV-2 ; heparin ; dextran sulphate ; cell rupture ; virus release ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production and extracellular release of a recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus (type 2) from monolayers of infected complementing Vero cells (CR2) are addressed. Growth and virus production conditions are identified that provide adequate virus titers with cell seeding densities and viral multiplicities of infection that could be reasonably handled in manufacturing. Harvesting by sonication of cell monolayers is shown to give the highest recovery of infectious virus (to 2.5 × 106 pfu/mL) but leads to process stream contamination by cellular proteins through the rupturing of cells (to 28 pg protein/pfu). By comparison, freeze-thaw cycles and osmotic rupture by hypotonic saline or glycerol shock procedures yield only low virus recovery (typically 〈10% of that by sonication), and are accompanied by yet higher levels of protein contamination (up to 30-fold higher pg protein/pfu). Addition of the polyanionic polymers, heparin or dextran sulphate to a harvest using either hypotonic saline, glycerol shock or isotonic phosphate buffered saline increased the yield of infectious virus in the supernatant. By contrast, addition of polycationic poly-l-lysine resulted in negligible increase in the supernatant virus titer. The highest virus titers (4.7 × 107 pfu/mL) were achieved following treatment of roller bottle cultured cells displaying a high cytopathic effect with heparin at 50 μg/mL for at least 3 h post harvest. This procedure also gave the lowest levels of protein contamination (〈2 pg protein/pfu). The fivefold lower yield of infectious virus from cultures displaying a low cytopathic effect (〈70% CPE) indicates the importance of cell physiological state at harvest. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 262-271, 1998.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic synthesis of a CCK-8 tripeptide fragment in organic media (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 700-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: α-chymotrypsin ; organic media ; tripeptide synthesis ; CCK-8 ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enzymatic synthesis of the tripeptide derivative Z-Gly-Trp-Met-OEt is reported. This tripeptide is a fragment of the cholecystokinin C-terminal octapeptide CCK-8. Studies on the α-chymotrypsin catalyzed coupling reaction between Z-Gly-Trp-R1 and Met-R2 have focused on low water content media, using deposited enzyme on inert supports such as Celite and polyamide. The effect of additives (polar organic solvents), the acyl-donor ester structure, the C-α protecting group of the nucleophile, enzyme loading, and substrate concentration were tested. The best reaction medium found was acetonitrile containing buffer (0.5%, v/v) and triethylamine (0.5%, v/v) using the enzyme deposited on Celite as catalyst (8 mg of α-chymotrypsin/g of Celite). A reaction yield of 81% was obtained with Z-Gly-Trp-OCam as acyl donor, at an initial concentration of 80 mM. The tripeptide synthesis was scaled up to the production of 2 g of pure tripeptide with an overall yield of 71%, including reaction and purification steps. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic analysis of trinitrotoluene biodegradation and mineralization pathways (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: trinitrotoluene ; TNT biodegradation ; Gibbs free energy ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) proceeds through several different metabolic pathways. However, the reaction steps which are considered rate-controlling have not been fully determined. Glycolysis and other biological pathways contain biochemical reactions which are acutely rate-limiting due to enzyme control. These rate-limiting steps also have large negative Gibbs free energy changes. Because xenobiotic compounds such as TNT can be used by biological systems as nitrogen, carbon, and energy sources, it is likely that their degradation pathways also contain acutely rate-limiting steps. Identification of these rate-controlling reactions will enhance and better direct genetic engineering techniques to increase specific enzyme levels.This article identifies likely rate-controlling steps (or sets of steps) in reported TNT biodegradation pathways by estimating the Gibbs free energy change for each step and for the overall pathways. The biological standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction was calculated for each pathway step using a group contribution method specifically tailored for biomolecules. The method was also applied to hypothetical “pathways” constructed to mineralize TNT using several different microorganisms. Pathways steps that have large negative Gibbs free energy changes are postulated to be potentially rate-controlling. The microorganisms which utilize degradation pathways with the largest overall (from TNT to citrate) negatiave Gibbs free energy changes were also determined. Such microorganisms can extract more energy from the starting substrate and are thus assumed to have a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. Results from this modeling-based research are consistent with much experimental work available in the literature. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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