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  • Astrophysics  (9)
  • Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis  (8)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5)
  • Humans
  • 1995-1999  (24)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein-nucleic acid interactions and DNA conformation in a complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase with a double-stranded DNA template-primer (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 44 (1997), S. 125-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: AIDS ; DNA structure ; polymerase structure ; protein - DNA interaction ; x-ray crystallography ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation of the DNA and the interactions of the nucleic acid with the protein in a complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and a 19-mer/18-mer double-stranded DNA template-primer (dsDNA) are described. The structure of this HIV-1 RT complex with dsDNA serves as a useful paradigm for studying aspects of nucleotide polymerases such as catalysis, fidelity, drug inhibition, and drug resistance. The bound dsDNA has a bend of approximately 41° at the junction of an A-form region (first five base pairs near the polymerase active site) and a B-form region (the last nine base pairs toward the RNase H active site). The 41° bend occurs smoothly over the four base pairs between the A-form portion and the B-form portion in the vicinity of helices αH and αI of the p66 thumb subdomain. The interactions between the dsDNA and protein primarily involve the sugar - phosphate backbone of the nucleic acid and structural elements of the palm, thumb, and RNase H of p66, and are not sequence specific. Amino acid residues from the polymerase active site region, including amino acid residues of the conserved Tyr-Met-Asp-Asp (YMDD) motif and the “primer grip,” interact with 3′-terminal nucleotides of the primer strand and are involved in positioning the primer terminal nucleotide and its 3′-OH group at the polymerase active site. Amino acid residues of the “template grip” have close contacts with the template strand and aid in positioning the template strand near the polymerase active site. Helix αH of the p66 thumb is partly inserted into the minor groove of the dsDNA and helix αI is directly adjacent to the backbone of the template strand. Amino acid residues of Β1′, αA′, αB′, and the loop containing His539 of the RNase H domain interact with the primer strand of the dsDNA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 44: 125-138, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid spectroscopic confirmation of the presence of polystyrene in polymer particles of mixed composition (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 999-1004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: latex ; polystyrene ; luminescence ; particle ; micron-diameter ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A technique for rapid determination of the presence of polystyrene in individual micron-diameter polymer particles of mixed composition is presented. This technique is based upon observation of visible emission from conjugated regions of the polymer backbone, generated photochemically, while the particle is held in an optical trap. Particle emission characteristics are dependent upon particle size and suspending solvent. Emission spectra are provided for single component polystyrene particles and mixed polymer particles containing poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), and polystyrene. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 999-1004, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS and SEM characterization of hydrated cerium oxide conversion coatings (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 540-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cerium-rich conversion coatings have been deposited onto aluminium 2024-T351 alloy by immersion into a solution containing 10 g L-1 CeCl3 and 1% H2O2 in a process described as ‘cerating’. Prior to deposition the alloy had been prepared either by using a standard chemical pretreatment used for aerospace alloys before conversion coating or by polishing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy have been used to characterize these cerium-containing conversion coatings. It was found that, during deposition, hydrated cerium oxide initially covered the intermetallics present in the alloy surface and then covered the surface generally. Deposition continued over the intermetallics throughout the conversion coating process, resulting in thick, heavily-cracked regions considerably greater than the average thickness of the film (〉0.3 μm). Elsewhere the coating was generally up to 0.2 μm thick, and appeared to comprised of deposited particles around 100 nm in size.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740230714
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual Peak Shifts in the Core Levels of CeO2 Films Deposited on Si(100) (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 634-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study 20, 100 and 1000 nm evaporated cerium oxide films on Si(100) single-crystal wafers. Upon exposure to the x-ray source there was loss of oxygen and generation of Ce3+. Furthermore, for the 20 nm coating, there was evidence of a shift to higher binding energies of the C 1s peak and a high binding energy O 1s component relative to the oxygen anion peak at 529.7±0.1 eV with increased exposure time to the x-ray source. No similar shift was observed in the O KLL Auger lines, suggesting that the effect was not due to differential charging of the surface with respect to the bulk of the coating. Hence the relative shift is explained in terms of electronic effects resulting from the formation of anion vacancies in the surface. These include a shift of the Fermi level due to defect states in the bandgap as well as band bending due to the positive charge set up from the anion vacancies.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromate Conversion Coatings on 2024 Al Alloy (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: conversion coating ; aluminium ; alloy ; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; scanning electron microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and potentiodynamic measurements have been made on chromate conversion-coated Al 2024-T3 alloy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicated that the conversion coating had a surface of CrOOH and Cr(VI), enriched in ferricyanide. The bulk of the coating was an equal mixture of CrOOH and Cr2O3 with significant levels of F- and Fe, the latter implying the presence of ferricyanide throughout the coating. Copper(II) ion was present at the interface between the conversion coating and the alloy, as well as Al3+. During ageing experiments, potentiodynamic measurements indicated that the corrosion current (icorr) decreased from ∽0.4 to ∽0.04 μA cm-2 during the first 40 h after preparation but thereafter slowly increased. No significant changes were observed in the chemistry of the coating by XPS for ageing times longer than 40 h, although morphological changes were observed with SEM. As the coating aged, a network of microcracks developed across the surface. It is believed that Cr6+ is consumed in the process in which plugs of hydrated chromium oxide form at the base of these cracks. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The yeast SWISS-2DPAGE database (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 556-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Yeast ; SWISS-2DPAGE ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Protein database ; Protein mapping ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The systematic sequencing of the yeast genome will soon be completed. A new challenge has been launched by the EUROFAN (European Functional Analysis) project whose goal is to elucidate the physiological and biochemical function of newly discovered open reading frames (ORF) from yeast. One of the approaches is to use protein-based technologies such as two-dimensional gel eletrophoresis and protein identification in order to establish a yeast reference map. Modified protein patterns can be compared to the reference map which hopefully will help identify changes related, for example, to growth processes or developmental events. This paper describes the yeast SWISS-2DPAGE database in which charge separation was obtained using immobilized pH gradient (IPG). Proteins identified by gel comparison, amino acid composition analysis and/or microsequencing are recorded and described in an accessible uniform format. We have identified more than one hundred polypeptides, several of which were newly mapped. In addition, the yeast SWISS-2DPAGE database can be freely accessed through the World Wide Web (WWW) network on the ExPASy molecular biology server.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150170326
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardized characterization of gene expression in human colorectal epithelium by two-dimensional electrophoresis (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 2842-2848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Colonic neoplasms ; Rectal neoplasms ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Cell separation ; Antibodies' monoclonal diagnostic use ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed in colorectal cancer. They can be found by differential analysis at DNA, RNA or protein level. The accuracy of phenotypic comparisons of tumor and normal tissues depends on the purity of the samples. We present an effective method to identify and isolate proteins that are differentially expressed under altered conditions, and a two-dimensional reference protein map of the normal human colonic epithelium Normal colonic mucosa, primary tumors and liver metastases were prepared in the operating room. After washing in an ice-cold medium containing protease inhibitors, crypts were isolated by mechanical preparation without using metalloproteinases. Epithelial cells were then selected using Ber-EP4 Dynabeads. The samples were denaturated before processing for immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to SWISS-2DPAGE standards. The samples contained more than 95% epithelial cells as confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using pan-anticytokeratin antibodies. Cell surfaces were not damaged, as assessed by scanning electronic microscope. A protein reference map of the normal colonic epithelium was defined. Using gel matching, N-terminal sequencing and/or immunoblotting techniques, 60 polypeptides - including proteins specifically expressed in colorectal epithelium - have now been identified. This reproducible method of sample preparation permits the comparison of protein patterns found in various pathological states with the present reference map (http://www.expasy.ch). Some of these patterns might provide diagnostic or prognostic markers, or even molecular targets for therapy in the future.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150181520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-dimensional protein map of human amniotic fluid at 17 weeks' gestation (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 2816-2822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Amniotic fluid ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Immobilized pH gradient ; Protein map ; Gel matching ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using updated technical procedures (immobilized pH gradients for isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: IPG/SDS-PAGE) we provide a two-dimensional (2-D) map of amniotic fluid (AF) proteins. This map comprises over 800 silver-stained spots. Over 150 spots have been identified by matching on the net with human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid maps available from SWISS 2DPAGE database; several additional spots were assigned by immunoblotting and/or microanalytical techniques. This report details our investigation on AF proteins focusing on the 17th week of gestation, when AF is most commonly used for clinical evaluation of fetal disorders. As a whole, the map displays a number of potential markers for fetal development and for gestation abnormalities. The 2-D electrophoretic technique allows the monitoring of all these proteins at the same time along with additional spots that may prove of diagnostic significance.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150181517
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein expression profiles in human breast ductal carcinoma and histologically normal tissue (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 2832-2841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Ductal breast carcinoma ; Breast biopsy ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Reference map ; Immobilized pH gradient ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reference two-dimensional (2-D) gels are presented for human breast ductal carcinoma and histologically normal tissue. Whole biopsy fragments were analyzed, including epithelial and nonepithelial components. Thirty-five spots have been assigned by gel matching to the human liver SWISS-2DPAGE reference map and/or to the human primary keratinocyte IPG map from the Danish Center for Human Genome. N-terminal microsequencing was applied to confirm randomly chosen matching assignments and to identify six new spots. Protein expression profiles in ductal carcinoma and in normal breast tissue appeared to be similar, except for a pattern consisting of 32 spots, which were highly expressed in all carcinoma specimens, and less intense and occasionally undetectable in normal tissue. This difference was statistically significant. Assignment has been obtained for several spots, namely GRP94, GRP78, GRP75, mitochondrial HSP60, calreticulin, protein disulfide isomerase, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, collagen-binding protein 2, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, cytochrome c oxidase VA subunit, tubulin β isoform and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The cancer- and tissue-specificity of the described pattern was assessed by matching to the Swiss-2DPAGE human liver, hepatoma, lymphoma, erythroleukemia reference maps. The pattern of 32 spots was found to be indicative of epithelial neoplasia.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150181519
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human blood platelet protein map established by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1152-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Human blood platelets ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional (2-D) maps of cytosol and enriched-membrane platelet proteins has allowed the identification of more than 25 spots by three different methods: matching of the platelet gels with other 2-D reference maps, immunoblotting with chemiluminescence detection, and N-terminal sequencing. Different G protein (guanosine triphosphate-binding protein) subunits, cytoskeletal proteins, and proteins common to the human liver, red blood cells and plasma were identified. The two platelet protein maps presented here contribute to the project of identification of human cell and body fluid proteins. They may serve as working tools since platelets are popular models for the study of central nervous system neurotransmitter systems and stimulus-response coupling mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601191
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