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  • Lepidoptera  (5)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Animals
  • Perilla frutescens
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition Stimulants for Sulfur ButterflyColias erate poliographys: Cyanoglucosides as Synergistis Involved in Host Preference (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oviposition stimulants ; Colias erate ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Trifolium repens ; Leguminosae ; cyanoglucosides ; linamarin ; lotaustralin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Host-plant chemicals stimulating oviposition by a Leguminosae-feeding pierid butterflyColias erate poliographyswere isolated and identified from one of its primary host plants, white clover (Trifolium repens). Females readily deposited eggs in response to methanolic extracts of the plant, and subsequent partition of the extracts with organic solvents revealed that chemical constituents critical for host recognition reside in the water-soluble fraction. Further fractionation of the hydrosoluble fraction by column chromatography led to the separation of an active fraction and two cyanoglucosides, linamarin and lotaustralin. Conspicuous oviposition response was evoked by unidentified polar compound(s), while these cyanoglucosides exerted no stimulatory activity by themselves. However, ovipositing females preferred samples containing either of the two cyanoglucosides. In dual-choice bioassays, significantly more eggs were laid on samples admixed with the cyanoglucosides, suggesting that the cyanoglucosides serve as synergistic oviposition stimulants and could play an important role in host selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006362.96722.c9
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Mediate Host-Plant Recognition by Ovipositing Females of an Old World Danaid Butterfly, Idea leuconoe (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1703-1713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oviposition stimulants ; Idea leuconoe ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; Parsonsia laevigata ; Apocynaceae ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; parsonsianine ; parsonsianidine ; 17-methylparsonsianidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A giant danaid butterfly, Idea leuconoe, specializes on apocynaceous plants such as Parsonsia laevigata, which has been reported to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Females of I. leuconoe deposited eggs in response to methanolic extract of P. laevigata, and subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract revealed that phytochemicals crucial for host recognition by ovipositing females are Parsonsia-specific macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids including parsonsianine, parsonsianidine, and 17-methylparsonsianidine. Parsonine, another P. laevigata pyrrolizidine component with a keto-dihydropyrrolizine moiety that is closely related in structure to male pheromones of the butterfly, and several nonhost pyrrolizidine alkaloids were entirely inactive. We interpret these data as strong evidence for an ancestral association through herbivory between danaid butterflies and pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006445.61545.82
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of essential oil variants inPerilla frutescens (1995)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 33 (1995), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Perilla frutescens ; Labiatae ; chemotypes ; genetic analysis ; essential oils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new chemotype (C type) ofPerilla frutescens (Labiatae) that accumulatestrans-citral as a main component of the essential oil in the leaf was crossed with five other chemotypes containing perillaldehyde (PA), elsholtziaketone (EK), perillaketone (PK), perillene (PL), and phenylpropanoid (PP) as their respective major components for comparison of genetic differences. The analyses of F1 and F2 progenies showed thattrans-citral is accumulated when its metabolism is blocked in the simultaneous absence of a dominant geneN, which is involved in the conversion oftrans-citral into naginataketone viacis-citral, and two polymeric genesFr 1 andFr 2 , which are involved in the conversion oftrans-citral into perillene. On the basis of new data obtained from various intercrosses involving the C type as one of the parents, the genotypes of different chemotypes as well as the sites of action of several genes controlling reaction steps in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes inPerilla have been revised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553813
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of essential oil variants inPerilla frutescens (1995)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 33 (1995), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Perilla frutescens ; Labiatae ; chemotypes ; genetic analysis ; essential oils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new chemotype (C type) ofPerilla frutescens (Labiatae) that accumulatestrans-citral as a main component of the essential oil in the leaf was crossed with five other chemotypes containing perillaldehyde (PA), elsholtziaketone (EK), perillaketone (PK), perillene (PL), and phenylpropanoid (PP) as their respective major components for comparison of genetic differences. The analyses of F1 and F2 progenies showed thattrans-citral is accumulated when its metabolism is blocked in the simultaneous absence of a dominant geneN, which is involved in the conversion oftrans-citral into naginataketone viacis-citral, and two polymeric genesFr 1 andFr 2 , which are involved in the conversion oftrans-citral into perillene. On the basis of new data obtained from various intercrosses involving the C type as one of the parents, the genotypes of different chemotypes as well as the sites of action of several genes controlling reaction steps in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes inPerilla have been revised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02399932
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical nature of larval osmeterial secretions of papilionid butterflies in the generaParnassius, Sericinus andPachliopta (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 859-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Osmeterial secretion ; Lepidoptera ; Papilionidae ; Parnassiinae ; Papilioninae ; Parnassius glacialis ; Sericinus montela ; Pachliopta aristolochiae ; aliphatic acid and ester ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile components of the larval osmeterial secretion ofParnassius glacialis (Parnassiinae, Parnassiini) consisted of isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, and their methyl esters. In contrast, the osmeterial exudate ofSericinus montela (Parnassiinae, Zerynthiini) was characterized as monoterpene hydrocarbons comprisingβ-myrcene (Major),α-pinene, sabinene, limonene, andβ-phellandrene, whereas that ofPachliopta aristolochiae (Papilioninae, Troidini) was composed of numerous sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, includingα-himachalene,α-amorphene, and germacrene-A, and a few oxygenated sesquiterpenoids. In these three species, the chemical nature of the secretions of the last and the penultimate instars was essentially of similar quality, suggesting that the three genera,Parnassius, Sericinus, andPachliopta, are assigned to homogeneous types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033466
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male sex pheromone of a giant danaine butterfly,Idea leuconoe (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 949-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Danainae ; Idea leuconoe ; hairpencil ; pheromone ; Parsonsia laevigata ; pyrrolizidine alkaloid ; mellein ; defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of a giant danaine butterfly,Idea leuconoe, display hairpencils during courtship. The females were visually attracted to and olfactorily arrested by an artificial butterfly model to which male hairpencil extracts were added. The hairpencil extracts contained a complex mixture of volatiles, including pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) derivatives (danaidone, viridifloric β-lactone), aromatics (phenol,p-cresol, benzoic acid), terpenoids (geranyl methyl thioether, (E,E)-farnesol), a series of γ-lactones (6-hydroxy-4-undecanolides and its homologs), hydrocarbons [(Z)-9-tricosene, etc.], and several compounds with higher molecular weight. A mixture of the major volatiles applied to a butterfly dummy strongly elicited an abdomen-curling acceptance posture in females. Viridifloric β-lactone and danaidone induced significant electroantennogram responses on the female's antennae, suggesting their principal role together with other hairpencil components as a sex pheromone to seduce females.I. leuconoe males seem to acquire the precursor for both of the PA fragments from the host plant,Parsonsia laevigata (Apocynaceae), during the larval stage; thereby they do not show pharmacophagous behavior towards PA-containing plants during the adult stage. However, males are pharmacophagously attracted to and feed on a number of simple phenolic compounds in a manner similar to other danaine species towards PAs. Wild males sequester one of the phagostimulants, (−)-mellein, in the hairpencils in varying quantities. Phenolic compounds incorporated in the hairpencils may act primarily as warning odors linked with the defensive PAs present in the body tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029947
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of poly(aryleneethynylene)-type copolymers containing flexible linking methylene units. Optical properties of the copolymers suggesting occurrence of energy transfer between π-conjugated local units (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2201-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(aryleneethynylene) ; palladium-catalyzed ; copolymer ; optical properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Palladium-catalyzed polycondensation between 2,5-diiodo-3-hexylthiophene I-Th(Hex)-I with mixtures of p-diethynylbenzene HC≡C - Ph - C≡CH and α,ω-diethynylalkane HC≡C(CH2)lC≡CH (l = 3 or 8) gives poly(aryleneethynylene) PAE-type copolymers [C≡C(CH2)lC≡C - Th(Hex)]m[C≡C - Ph - C≡C - Th(Hex)]n containing the methylene unit. The copolymers have a molecular weight (Mn) of about 1.2 × 104 as determined by GPC (polystyrene standard) and are considered to possess essentially a random sequences in view of the  - C≡C(CH2)lC≡C -  and  - C≡C - Ph - C≡C -  units as judged from their UV-visible spectra. By the incorporation of the (CH2)l unit, the λmax position of the corresponding PAE homopolymer [C≡C - Ph - C≡C - Th(Hex)]n is shifted to a shorter wavelength. However, the copolymers give rise to a photoluminescence PL peak essentially agreeing with a PL peak of the homopolymer, suggesting occurrence of energy transfer in the copolymer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2201-2207, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-electron transfer in photoelectrochemical processes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: photoelectrochemistry ; multi-electron transfer ; semiconductor particle ; light excitation ; molecular conversion reactions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Simultaneous bidirectional forward and backward electron transfers take place on a light-exited semiconductor particle, even at the same geometric site. The potentials of the electron pathways are different, giving rise to two independent molecular conversion reactions. This type of multi-electron transfer reactions is overviewed and the stepwise unidirectional multi-electron transfer on the excited semiconductor particle is also described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060304
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the number of crosslinks in collagens from mechanical properties of swollen fibers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1577-1586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method for the determination of crosslink density for collagen fibers was proposed. The number of interchain crosslinkages in whale ligament and rat-tail tendon was estimated by applying an usual rubber elasticity theory. Collagen fibers swollen in a solution composed of equal volumes of 8M LiBr aqueous solution and diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether showed a typical rubber elasticity. The energy components to total retractive forces were similar in order in magnitude for crosslinked natural rubbers, namely, below 0.3. It was found that no intermolecular crosslinkage occurs between tropocollagen molecules in tendon from a 2-month-old rat, while there are about 12 crosslinking sites per molecule in tendon from a 10-month-old rat and 15 sites in whale ligament. The number, type, and crosslinking sites in the tendon crosslinked with 1,3-bis(vinylsulfonyl)-2-propanol is also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow-type cyanide sensor using an immobilized microorganism (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 876-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Cyanide ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Respiration inhibition ; Flow system ; Reactor-type microbial sensor ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A flow system for cyanide detection using Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. This sensor system consists of two oxygen electrodes and immobilized S. cerevisiae whose respiration activity is measured by the oxygen electrodes. Since cyanide inhibits S. cerevisiae's respiration, it can be detected by measuring this inhibition. Two types of systems were constructed, characterized and compared. One is a membrane-type flow system in which S. cerevisiae was immobilized onto a cellulose membrane. The other is a reactor-type flow system in which S. cerevisiae was immobilized onto the glass beads. The sensor response was examined in the range from 0 to 15μM. The reactor-type sensor system displayed lower detection limit (0.15 μM) and better stability (16 days).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140081005
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