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  • 1
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    Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation has been implicated in many cellular responses, including fibroblast growth, transformation, survival, and chemotaxis. Although PI3K is activated by several agents that stimulate T and B cells, the role of PI3K in lymphocyte function is not clear. The mouse gene encoding the PI3K adapter subunit p85alpha and its splice variants p55alpha and p50alpha was disrupted. Most p85alpha-p55alpha-p50alpha-/- mice die within days after birth. Lymphocyte development and function was studied with the use of the RAG2-deficient blastocyst complementation system. Chimeric mice had reduced numbers of peripheral mature B cells and decreased serum immunoglobulin. The B cells that developed had diminished proliferative responses to antibody to immunoglobulin M, antibody to CD40, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation and decreased survival after incubation with interleukin-4. In contrast, T cell development and proliferation was normal. This phenotype is similar to defects observed in mice lacking the tyrosine kinase Btk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fruman, D A -- Snapper, S B -- Yballe, C M -- Davidson, L -- Yu, J Y -- Alt, F W -- Cantley, L C -- R01 GM041890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):393-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. dfruman@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD45/analysis ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/*immunology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Cycle ; Chimera ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Strontianite in coral skeletal aragonite (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-07
    Description: An x-ray spectroscopic study of scleractinian coral skeletons indicated that, although some strontium substitutes for calcium in the aragonite structure, at concentrations of about 7500 parts per million, as much as 40 percent of the strontium resides in strontianite (SrCO3). A doublet peak in the Fourier transform of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure of the coral corresponded to six metal and 13 oxygen neighbors surrounding strontium at about 4.05 angstroms in strontium-substituted aragonite and at about 4.21 angstroms in strontianite. Thus, the mechanism of the temperature-sensitive partitioning of strontium between seawater and coral skeleton used for paleothermometry is unexpectedly complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greegor, R B -- Pingitore, N E Jr -- Lytle, F W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 7;275(5305):1452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boeing Company, Seattle, WA 98124, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; Carbonates/*analysis ; Cnidaria/*chemistry ; Fourier Analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; Strontium/*analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Thymocyte development in the absence of pre-T cell receptor extracellular immunoglobulin domains (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: Immature thymocytes express a pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) composed of the TCRbeta chain paired with pre-Talpha. Signals from this receptor are essential for passage of thymocytes through a key developmental checkpoint in the thymus. These signals were efficiently delivered in vivo by a truncated form of the murine pre-TCR that lacked all of its extracellular immunoglobulin domains. De novo expression of the truncated pre-TCR or an intact alphabetaTCR was sufficient to activate characteristic TCR signaling pathways in a T cell line. These findings support the view that recognition of an extracellular ligand is not required for pre-TCR function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irving, B A -- Alt, F W -- Killeen, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):905-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Antigens, CD3/analysis/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Immunophenotyping ; Jurkat Cells ; Ligands ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Attomole protein characterization by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-30
    Description: Electrospray ionization with an ultralow flow rate (〈/=4 nanoliters per minute) was used to directly couple capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis and identification of biomolecules in mixtures. A Fourier transform mass spectrometer provided full spectra (〉30 kilodaltons) at a resolving power of approximately 60,000 for injections of 0.7 x 10(-18) to 3 x 10(-18) mole of 8- to 29-kilodalton proteins with errors of 〈1 dalton in molecular mass. Using a crude isolate from human blood, a value of 28,780.6 daltons (calculated, 28,780.4 daltons) was measured for carbonic anhydrase, representing 1 percent by weight of the protein in a single red blood cell. Dissociation of molecular ions from 9 x 10(-18) mole of carbonic anhydrase gave nine sequence-specific fragment ions, more data than required for unique retrieval of this enzyme from the protein database.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valaskovic, G A -- Kelleher, N L -- McLafferty, F W -- 08-T2GM07273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM16609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 30;273(5279):1199-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbonic Anhydrases/*analysis/chemistry ; Cattle ; Cytochrome c Group/analysis/chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Capillary/*methods ; Horses ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins/*analysis/chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Ubiquitins/analysis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Synaptic efficacy enhanced by glial cells in vitro (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-12
    Description: In the developing nervous system, glial cells guide axons to their target areas, but it is unknown whether they help neurons to establish functional synaptic connections. The role of glial cells in synapse formation and function was studied in cultures of purified neurons from the rat central nervous system. In glia-free cultures, retinal ganglion cells formed synapses with normal ultrastructure but displayed little spontaneous synaptic activity and high failure rates in evoked synaptic transmission. In cocultures with neuroglia, the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic currents were potentiated by 70-fold and 5-fold, respectively, and fewer transmission failures occurred. Glial cells increased the action potential-independent quantal release by 12-fold without affecting neuronal survival. Thus, developing neurons in culture form inefficient synapses that require glial signals to become fully functional.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfrieger, F W -- Barres, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1684-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Science Building, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, USA. fpfrieg@mdc-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Astrocytes/physiology ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Microglia/physiology ; Neuroglia/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Blocked Ras activation in anergic CD4+ T cells (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: T cell anergy is a state of functional unresponsiveness characterized by the inability to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) upon T cell receptor stimulation. The mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK-1 and ERK-2 and the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein p21ras were found to remain unactivated upon stimulation of anergic murine T helper cell 1 clones. The inability to activate the Ras pathway did not result from a defect in association among Shc, Grb-2, and murine Son of Sevenless, nor from a defect in their tyrosine phosphorylation. This block in Ras activation may lead to defective transactivation at activator protein 1 sites in anergic cells and may enable T cells to shut down IL-2 production selectively during anergy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fields, P E -- Gajewski, T F -- Fitch, F W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 1;271(5253):1276-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ben May Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/immunology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *Clonal Anergy ; Clone Cells ; GRB2 Adaptor Protein ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; *Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Th1 Cells/*immunology/metabolism ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A system for low field imaging of laser-polarized noble gas (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We describe a device for performing MRI with laser-polarized noble gas at low magnetic fields (〈50 G). The system is robust, portable, inexpensive, and provides gas-phase imaging resolution comparable to that of high field clinical instruments. At 20.6 G, we have imaged laser-polarized (3)He (Larmor frequency of 67 kHz) in both sealed glass cells and excised rat lungs, using approximately 0.1 G/cm gradients to achieve approximately 1 mm(2) resolution. In addition, we measured (3)He T(2)(*) times greater than 100 ms in excised rat lungs, which is roughly 20 times longer than typical values observed at high ( approximately 2 T) fields. We include a discussion of the practical considerations for working at low magnetic fields and conclude with evidence of radiation damping in this system. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) (ISSN 1090-7807); Volume 141; 2; 217-27
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Low-field MRI of laser polarized noble gas (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NMR images of laser polarized 3He gas were obtained at 21 G using a simple, homebuilt instrument. At such low fields magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of thermally polarized samples (e.g., water) is not practical. Low-field noble gas MRI has novel scientific, engineering, and medical applications. Examples include portable systems for diagnosis of lung disease, as well as imaging of voids in porous media and within metallic systems.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Physical review letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 81; 17; 3785-8
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Myogenic regulatory factors during regeneration of skeletal muscle in young, adult, and old rats (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Myogenic factor mRNA expression was examined during muscle regeneration after bupivacaine injection in Fischer 344/Brown Norway F1 rats aged 3, 18, and 31 mo of age (young, adult, and old, respectively). Mass of the tibialis anterior muscle in the young rats had recovered to control values by 21 days postbupivacaine injection but in adult and old rats remained 40% less than that of contralateral controls at 21 and 28 days of recovery. During muscle regeneration, myogenin mRNA was significantly increased in muscles of young, adult, and old rats 5 days after bupivacaine injection. Subsequently, myogenin mRNA levels in young rat muscle decreased to postinjection control values by day 21 but did not return to control values in 28-day regenerating muscles of adult and old rats. The expression of MyoD mRNA was also increased in muscles at day 5 of regeneration in young, adult, and old rats, decreased to control levels by day 14 in young and adult rats, and remained elevated in the old rats for 28 days. In summary, either a diminished ability to downregulate myogenin and MyoD mRNAs in regenerating muscle occurs in old rat muscles, or the continuing myogenic effort includes elevated expression of these mRNAs.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); 83; 4; 1270-5
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unexpected Hydroxyspirolactone Formation upon Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of a trans-α-decalone (trans-octahydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one) and X-ray structure of the product (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 78 (1995), S. 887-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: trans-4,4,10-Trimethyl-9-decalone ( = trans-5,5,8a-trimethyl-octahydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one; 1), when treated with trifluoroperacetic acid, gave the unexpected hydroxyspirolactone 7-hydroxy-7,11,11-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one (6), in which the two new O-atoms were introduced in a 1,2-trans relationship. The structure of this compound was conclusively proven by X-ray crystallography. The process involves the intermediacy of 7-membered lactone 2, the expected Baeyer-Villiger product, which could also be successfully prepared under controlled conditions at 0° in a buffered medium containing Na2HPO4.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19950780411
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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