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  • Articles  (10)
  • Humans  (10)
  • Adult  (3)
  • Engineering
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (10)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • 1
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    Molecular basis of T cell inactivation by CTLA-4 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: CTLA-4, a negative regulator of T cell function, was found to associate with the T cell receptor (TCR) complex zeta chain in primary T cells. The association of TCRzeta with CTLA-4, reconstituted in 293 transfectants, was enhanced by p56(lck)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Coexpression of the CTLA-4-associated tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, resulted in dephosphorylation of TCRzeta bound to CTLA-4 and abolished the p56(lck)-inducible TCRzeta-CTLA-4 interaction. Thus, CTLA-4 inhibits TCR signal transduction by binding to TCRzeta and inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation after T cell activation. These findings have broad implications for the negative regulation of T cell function and T cell tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, K M -- Chuang, E -- Griffin, M -- Khattri, R -- Hong, D K -- Zhang, W -- Straus, D -- Samelson, L E -- Thompson, C B -- Bluestone, J A -- P01 AI35294-6/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2263-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Immunological ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection ; src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The evolution of species interactions (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Interactions between species are as evolutionarily malleable as the species themselves and have played a central role in the diversification and organization of life. This malleability creates complex geographic mosaics in interspecific interactions that can evolve rapidly over decades, blurring the distinction between evolutionary time and ecological time and making the study of coevolution crucial for human health and welfare.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2116-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Botany and Zoology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. jnt@wsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Parasites/pathogenicity ; *Selection, Genetic ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Reduced immunotoxicity and preservation of antibacterial activity in a releasable side-chain carbapenem antibiotic (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-29
    Description: A carbapenem antibiotic, L-786,392, was designed so that the side chain that provides high-affinity binding to the penicillin-binding proteins responsible for bacterial resistance was also the structural basis for ameliorating immunopathology. Expulsion of the side chain upon opening of the beta-lactam ring retained antibacterial activity while safely expelling the immunodominant epitope. L-786,392 was well tolerated in animal safety studies and had significant in vitro and in vivo activities against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, H -- Hajdu, R -- Silver, L -- Kropp, H -- Dorso, K -- Kohler, J -- Sundelof, J G -- Huber, J -- Hammond, G G -- Jackson, J J -- Gill, C J -- Thompson, R -- Pelak, B A -- Epstein-Toney, J H -- Lankas, G -- Wilkening, R R -- Wildonger, K J -- Blizzard, T A -- DiNinno, F P -- Ratcliffe, R W -- Heck, J V -- Kozarich, J W -- Hammond, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):703-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. hugh_rosen@merck.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/blood ; *Bacterial Proteins ; Carbapenems/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Dipeptidases/metabolism ; *Drug Design ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Enterococcus/drug effects ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Haptens ; *Hexosyltransferases ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Lactams/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase/metabolism ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; *Peptidyl Transferases ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy ; Staphylococcus/drug effects ; Thiazoles/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The role of area 17 in visual imagery: convergent evidence from PET and rTMS (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Visual imagery is used in a wide range of mental activities, ranging from memory to reasoning, and also plays a role in perception proper. The contribution of early visual cortex, specifically Area 17, to visual mental imagery was examined by the use of two convergent techniques. In one, subjects closed their eyes during positron emission tomography (PET) while they visualized and compared properties (for example, relative length) of sets of stripes. The results showed that when people perform this task, Area 17 is activated. In the other, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to medial occipital cortex before presentation of the same task. Performance was impaired after rTMS compared with a sham control condition; similar results were obtained when the subjects performed the task by actually looking at the stimuli. In sum, the PET results showed that when patterns of stripes are visualized, Area 17 is activated, and the rTMS results showed that such activation underlies information processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosslyn, S M -- Pascual-Leone, A -- Felician, O -- Camposano, S -- Keenan, J P -- Thompson, W L -- Ganis, G -- Sukel, K E -- Alpert, N M -- R01 EY12091/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH57980/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. smk@wjh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Imagination/*physiology ; Magnetics ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Visual Cortex/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Chemokines and the arrest of lymphocytes rolling under flow conditions (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: Circulating lymphocytes are recruited from the blood to the tissue by rolling along the endothelium until being stopped by a signaling event linked to the Gialpha subunit of a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein; that event then triggers rapid integrin-dependent adhesion. Four chemokines are now shown to induce such adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and to induce arrest of rolling cells within 1 second under flow conditions similar to those of blood. SDF-1 (also called PBSF), 6-C-kine (also called Exodus-2), and MIP-3beta (also called ELC or Exodus-3) induced adhesion of most circulating lymphocytes, including most CD4+ T cells; and MIP-3alpha (also called LARC or Exodus-1) triggered adhesion of memory, but not naive, CD4+ T cells. Thus, chemokines can regulate the arrest of lymphocyte subsets under flowing conditions, which may allow them to control lymphocyte-endothelial cell recognition and lymphocyte recruitment in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, J J -- Hedrick, J -- Zlotnik, A -- Siani, M A -- Thompson, D A -- Butcher, E C -- 5T32CA090302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK38707/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM37734/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, and Digestive Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; *Cell Adhesion ; Chemokine CCL19 ; Chemokine CCL20 ; Chemokine CCL21 ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines, CC/*pharmacology/physiology ; *Chemokines, CXC ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Lymphocytes/*physiology ; *Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Receptors, CCR6 ; *Receptors, Chemokine ; Rheology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Protein proves to be a key link in innate immunity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):301-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Child ; Cloning, Molecular ; Complement Activation/*immunology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*etiology ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; Mutation ; Phagocytosis/*immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Umbilical cords: turning garbage into clinical gold (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):805-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7538696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Antigens, CD34 ; Blood Banks ; Blood Preservation ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cryopreservation ; Fetal Blood/*cytology/immunology ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-10
    Description: In multicellular organisms, homeostasis is maintained through a balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Although much is known about the control of cell proliferation, less is known about the control of cell death. Physiologic cell death occurs primarily through an evolutionarily conserved form of cell suicide termed apoptosis. The decision of a cell to undergo apoptosis can be influenced by a wide variety of regulatory stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1456-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7878464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/therapy ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology/therapy ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Disease/*etiology ; Hematologic Diseases/etiology/therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasms/etiology/therapy ; Nervous System Diseases/etiology/therapy ; *Therapeutics ; Virus Diseases/etiology/therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Can some infants beat HIV? (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child, Preschool ; HIV/immunology/pathogenicity ; HIV Antibodies/blood ; HIV Infections/*immunology/transmission/virology ; HIV Seronegativity ; HIV Seropositivity ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Replication of HIV-1 in dendritic cell-derived syncytia at the mucosal surface of the adenoid (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-05
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) replicates actively in infected individuals, yet cells with intracellular depots of viral protein are observed only infrequently. Many cells expressing the HIV-1 Gag protein were detected at the surface of the nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoid. This infected mucosal surface contained T cells and dendritic cells, two cell types that together support HIV-1 replication in culture. The infected cells were multinucleated syncytia and expressed the S100 and p55 dendritic cell markers. Eleven of the 13 specimens analyzed were from donors who did not have symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The interaction of dendritic cells and T cells in mucosa may support HIV-1 replication, even in subclinical stages of infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frankel, S S -- Wenig, B M -- Burke, A P -- Mannan, P -- Thompson, L D -- Abbondanzo, S L -- Nelson, A M -- Pope, M -- Steinman, R M -- AI24775/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Apr 5;272(5258):115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Division, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Disease Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC 20306-6000, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8600520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoids/chemistry/*virology ; Adult ; Dendritic Cells/physiology/*virology ; Female ; Germinal Center/chemistry/virology ; Giant Cells/*virology ; HIV Core Protein p24/analysis ; HIV Infections/*virology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Keratins/analysis ; Male ; Mucous Membrane/chemistry/virology ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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