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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of substrate-induced anisotropy in through-plane thermal behavior of polymeric thin films (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1591-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: anisotropy ; polymeric thin film ; coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) ; Poisson's ratio ; through-plane direction ; finite element modeling ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymeric thin films are widely used in microelectronic applications for a variety of purposes. These films may possess completely isotropic material properties and yet still exhibit anisotropic effects due to the constraining influence of the substrate coupling into the film behavior via the film Poisson ratio. A theoretical model of this effect on the through-plane thermal properties of isotropic thin films for single layer (thin film rigidly clamped) and bilayer (thin film on substrate, e.g., silicon wafer) has been developed based on the assumption that the material follows Hooke's law in all directions. Finite element analyses using ANSYS 5.0A have also been performed to confirm theoretical results both for single-layer and bilayer models. In the case of Poisson ratio of 0.5, the effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the thickness direction can be as high as three times that of the unconstrained film. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry and technology of cyanate ester resins, I. Hamerton, ed. Blackie A&P, London (1994), ISBN 0-7514-0044-0, 357 pp., £69.00 (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 745-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220061205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of treatment on the surface composition and energy of carbon fibers (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The surface composition and energy of carbon fiber has been carefully analyzed and quantified. Untreated, AU, surface-treated, AS, and heat-treated AHT fibers were all studied. AS fiber was surface-treated by an electrolytic oxidation process. AHT fiber was heat-treated at elevated high temperatures under vacuum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) was used to investigate the surface elemental concentration of carbon fibers. The corresponding surface free energies of these fibers were calculated from the contact angles measured by a dynamic contact angle analyzer. Results showed a strong correlation between the surface treatment and heat-treatment history and the surface chemistry of carbon fibers. After oxidation treatment, the surface free energy was increased by adding functional group elements (oxygen and nitrogen). However, these added elements could be removed by high temperature treatment under vacuum. The diffusion of O, N, and Na was discussed. The correlation between oxygen and nitrogen concentration and carbon fiber surface free energy has been plotted. These fibers would be used to quantify the relationship between carbon fiber surface free energy and the interfacial shear strength of the fiber-polymer interface.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160404
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  • 4
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    NF-AT-Driven interleukin-4 transcription potentiated by NIP45 (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: The induction of cytokine gene transcription is mediated in part by the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT). Factors involved in the mechanisms of NF-AT-mediated transcription are not well understood. A nuclear factor that interacted with the Rel homology domain (RHD) of NF-ATp was identified with the use of a two-hybrid interaction trap. Designated NIP45 (NF-AT interacting protein), it has minimal similarity to any known genes. Transcripts encoding this factor were enriched in lymphoid tissues and testes. NIP45 synergized with NF-ATp and the proto-oncogene c-Maf to activate the interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokine promoter; transient overexpression of NIP45 with NF-ATp and c-maf in B lymphoma cells induced measurable endogenous IL-4 protein production. The identification of NIP45 advances our understanding of gene activation of cytokines, critical mediators of the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hodge, M R -- Chun, H J -- Rengarajan, J -- Alt, A -- Lieberson, R -- Glimcher, L H -- AI37833/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1903-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Interleukin-4/*genetics ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spleen/metabolism ; Testis/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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