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  • Springer  (82)
  • 1995-1999  (82)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotin production under limiting growth conditions by Agrobacterium/Rhizobium HK4 transformed with a modified Escherichia coli bio operon (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 590-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: biotin production; E. coli bio operon; Agrobacterium/Rhizobium HK4; limiting growth conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: E. coli biotin (bio) operon was modified to improve biotin production by host cells: (a) the divergently transcribed wild-type bio operon was re-organized into one transcriptional unit; (b) the wild-type bio promoter was replaced with a strong artificial (tac) promoter; (c) a potential stem loop structure between bioD and bioA was removed; and (d) the wild-type bioB ribosomal binding site (RBS) was replaced with an artificial RBS that resulted in improved bioB expression. The effects of the modifications on the bio operon were studied in E. coli by measuring biotin and dethiobiotin production, and bio gene expression with mini-cells and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The modified E. coli bio operon was introduced into a broad host-range plasmid and used to transform Agrobacterium/Rhizobium HK4, which then produced 110 mg L−1 of biotin in a 2-L fermenter, growing on a defined medium with diaminononanoic acid as the starting material. Biotin production was not growth-phase dependent in this strain, and the rate of production remained high under limiting (maintenance) and zero growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900669
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of graft copolymers by ring-opening polymerization of 2-nonyl- and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline initiated by macroinitiators containing benzylchloride functions (1997)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 38 (1997), S. 657-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Graft copolymers with poly(2-nonyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) graft arms have been synthesized using the "grafting from" method. Slightly branched statistical copolymers of isobutene and (m,p)-chloromethylstyrene, synthesized cationically, as well as linear homo-poly((m,p)-chloromethylstyrene) have been used as macroinitiators for the ring-opening polymerization of the substituted oxazolines. The graft copolymerizations were carried out in bulk and in benzonitrile solutions with and without addition of potassium iodide. The influence of the reaction conditions on the rate of polymerization and the different reactivities of 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anode-support system for the direct electrorefining of cement copper Part I: Process conditions using horizontal rotary cathodes (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 240-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a preliminary study towards a modified anode-support system for the direct electrorefining of cement copper. The proposed system is an alternative process for small mines that produce cement after leaching of copper oxide minerals. It is feasible to utilize a cell provided with a horizontal AISI-316 stainless steel mesh covered with a layer of cement copper as anode system. As cathode system, several horizontal rotary cylinders of AISI-316 stainless steel can be used. The rotary cylinders, partially immersed in acidic copper sulphate electrolyte, must have an internal electrical contact with a copper shaft and two or more isolated slots at the surface to permit the stripping of the copper deposits in the form of thin sheets. The cement copper must be maintained wet to avoid rapid oxidation. The use of pulsed current permits control of the formation of a non-conductive copper sulphate layer on the cement surface, avoiding a continuous increase in cell voltage. As operating conditions a solution of CUSO4.5H2O (160 g dm−3) and H2SO4 (50 g dm−3) with j c = 5.0 A dm−2, T = 40 °C, u = 200 rpm; and pulsed current with t d = 3 min and t d/t 0 = 20 can be used. At this stage of the study cement copper (90–95% purity) was utilized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262962
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Hypotheses of a New Model of Galaxy Formation (1998)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 261 (1998), S. 231-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002033523491
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injecting Knowledge into the Solution of the Two-Spiral Problem (1999)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 8 (1999), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Key words: Backpropagation; Benchmark; Generalisation; Knowledge based design; Neural networks; Two spirals of Wieland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005210050029
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extractable chromium determination in soils by AAS (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 119 (1995), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: extractable chromium ; soils ; EDTA extracts ; acetic acid extracts ; FAAS ; releasing agent oxine and ETAAS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The lixiviation of trace metals from soils using selective extractants gives valuable information, especially for agricultural purposes. The two reagents validated by a group of European researchers coordinated by the Measurements and Testing Program (MAT) of the Commission of the European Community, in single extraction procedures, are EDTA 0.05 moll−1 and CH3COOH 0.43 moll−1. This paper reports the effect of these extractants upon chromium determination in extracts by AAS. Matrix effects were studied in extracts of two soils of different origin: a terra rossa soil from a Mediterranean area and a sewage amended soil. For the FAAS technique, the matrix effects were studied for air-acetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene flames and using Cr(VI) and Cr(III) as standard solutions. The interfering effects observed are circumvented by the use of 1% 8-hydroxyquinoline as suppressor agent. For the ETAAS technique, charring and atomization curves were obtained for extracts in each reagent and after setting up the graphite furnace program, matrix effects were studied. Different matrix modifiers (Mg(NO3)2, Pd and Triton X-100) were also tested. Once the analytical method had been established, single extraction procedures were applied in the two soils, determining the percentage of extractable chromium in relation to the total content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244004
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminant analysis applied to the forecasting of thunderstorms (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 68 (1998), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary The combination of several thermodynamic variables based upon the data provided by a radiosounding can be useful for the forecasting of thunderstorms. As a matter of fact, there are many indices that allow the establishment of a storm risk prediction once they have been gauged. The problem comes when not all indices lead to the same prediction. In these cases, it is necessary to establish one single function based on the information provided by all the variables employed, which should be able to determine a two-fold prediction: risk or no risk. This article presents a statistic model for the short tem prediction of thunderstorms in the region of León (Spain). To reach this aim 15 meteorological variables were selected. These variables were easy to handle by non-expert staff, and they allowed the characterisation of the preconvective environment early in the morning on thunderstorm days. The variables have been properly combined and gauged with the help of a dense network of meteorological observers. The result has led to the construction of a reliable model. The discriminant quadratic model has been easily applied to determine in an objective and binary way the risk/no risk for the occurrence of thunderstorms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulse-Field gel-electrophoretic analysis of the amplification and copy-number stability of an integrational plasmid in Bacillus subtilis (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 46 (1996), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The stability of integration and amplification of an integrational plasmid in Bacillus subtilis was analyzed. A cat-containing plasmid was constructed that could be integrated into the amy locus to facilitate measurement of excision events. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis was used to measure the copy number in strains that were resistant to different levels of chloramphenicol. The stability of the amplified unit in strains containing from 2 to 18 tandem copies of the amplicon in the presence and absence of chloramphenicol and through different generation times was then determined. Our results demonstrate that, for any given strain, the copy number of the amplicon remains stable. Furthermore, this stability is maintained when a clone containing an amplicon of defined size is cultured through as many as 100 generations in the absence of selective pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050782
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the relationship between chromosome location and nuclear morphology in human neutrophils (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 106 (1997), S. 168-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Human neutrophil nuclei typically consist of three of four large heterochromatic lobes joined by thin, DNA-containing filaments. In addition, some lobes exhibit appendages of various sizes and shapes. Classical genetic and cytological studies suggest that some appendages contain specific chromsomes. The studies reported here provide the first detailed analysis of the spatial relationship between individual chromosomes and recognizable structures in neutrophil nuclei using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Analysis of DNA sequences in chromosomes 2, 18, X, and Y demonstrate that specific lobes in a population of neutrophil nuclei do not have a fied chromosome content. This result implies that chromosomes partition randomly among lobes during neutrophil differentiation. However, neutrophil nuclear topography is not entirely fortuitous. For instance, none of the sequences probed in this study mapped to a filament and most centromeres lie in clusters near the nuclear periphery. In addition, one of the X chromosome centromeres in females and the Y chromosome centromere in males consistently associate with specific nuclear appendages found in a subset of neutrophil nuclei. Chromosomes 2 and 18 occupy discrete nd separate territories within individual lobes and neither territory ever extends into a filament. Surprisingly, the sizes of these territories are not proportional to chromosome length, suggesting that individual neutrophil chromosomes vary in their degree of compaction. These results are discussed in the light of models that attempt to explain nuclear morphology in terms of chromosome spatial organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050236
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certified reference materials for the quality control of EDTA- and acetic acid-extractable contents of trace elements in sewage sludge amended soils (CRMs 483 and 484) (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 357 (1997), S. 611-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The ecotoxicity and mobility of trace elements in soils are often evaluated through analytical results resulting from operationally-defined determinations (single and sequential extractions), e.g. based on EDTA, acetic acid etc. extractions. The significance and comparability of these results is highly dependent on the procedures used (standardized protocols or standards adopted by international bodies) and their quality control relies on the availability of reference materials certified following these strictly applied procedures. Recognizing the need to harmonize some of the extraction schemes currently used for soil analysis, the Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) has organized a series of interlaboratory studies, the first aim of which was to evaluate EDTA- and acetic acid-extraction procedures and the second objective was to certify reference materials for their extractable trace element contents. Two sewage amended soils have been prepared for this purpose, originating respectively from Scotland and Catalonia. This paper describes the preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, and gives an overview of the certification campaign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050222
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