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  • PANGAEA  (140)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (13)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • 1995-1999  (158)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in testcrosses of European maize inbreds for resistance to the European corn borer and relations to line per se performance (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The European com borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis H. is a major pest in World maize Zea mays L. production. Objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the genotypic variance and covariance in testcrosses of European flint and dent inbreds for ECB resistance and agronomic traits, and (2) estimate the correlation between line per se and testcross performance for ECB resistance traits. A total of 16 flint and 24 dent inbreds and their testcrosses with two testers from the opposite germplasm pool were evaluated in four and three German environments, respectively. Using artificial infestation with ECB larvae, resistance was assessed by damage rating of stalks, tunnel length in dissected stalks, and relative yield of infested plots compared with protected plots. Yield losses due to ECB damage in testcross hybrids amounted to 40%. Significant genotypic variances between flint and dent lines and high heritabilities were found for damage rating of stalks for both line per se and testcross performance. Heritabilities were low or intermediate for tunnel length and relative grain yield. Correlations between line per se and testcross performance were tight for the damage rating of stalks and moderate for tunnel length and relative yield in both flint and dent germplasm. For damage rating of stalks, per se performance of lines tested in a few environments can be used to predict their testcross performance. In contrast, assessment of testcross performance for tunnel length and relative yield requires evaluating testcrosses with several testers in multi-environment trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01948.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of early-maturing European maize germplasm to sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) are the most important viruses of maize in Europe. In field and greenhouse experiments, 122 early-maturing European maize inbreds (45 flint and 77 dent lines) were evaluated for their reaction to artificial inoculation by SCMV and MDMV. Three dent inbreds (D21, D32, FAP1360 A) with complete resistance and four dent inbreds (D06, D09, R2306, FAP1396A) with partial resistance against both potyviruses under both greenhouse and field conditions were identified. All other inbreds were highly susceptible to both SCMV and MDMV. Selection for virus resistance in maize breeding could be performed with only one virus at a time because all inbreds resistant to SCMV were also resistant to MDMV. Rank correlations between percentages of infected plants in greenhouse and field trials ranged from 0.51 to 0.72 for both SCMV and MDMV, suggesting that prescreening of breeding materials for virus resistance can be performed in the greenhouse but final evaluation in multilocation trials in the field is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb01038.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation among European maize inbreds for resistance to the European corn borer and relation to agronomic traits (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The univoltine European corn borer (ECB) has become a major limiting factor for maize (Zea mays L.) production in central Europe. The objective of this study was to survey the genetic variation for ECB resistance in European elite maize germplasm. Eighteen flint and 23 dent inbreds were screened under artificial ECB infestation at two locations in 1993 and 1994. Resistance was assessed by damage rating of broken plants, measurement of tunnel length in dissected stalks, and yield reduction in infested plots relative to insecticide-protected control plots. Flint lines showed significantly greater means for damage rating than dent lines with grain yield reduction of 35% and 24%, respectively. Significant genotypic variances among lines and high heritabilities were found for agronomic traits and damage rating. Heritabilities were intermediate for tunnel length and relative grain yield. Significant associations of days to silking, ear dry matter content, and dry matter yield of the whole plant with damage rating and tunnel length suggested a better resistance in late-maturing, high-yielding inbreds. Genotypic correlations of relative grain yield with tunnel length and damage rating ranged between −0.46 and −0.72. Partial correlations, eliminating the effect of flowering time, confirmed these associations. Damage rating of stalks is the most suitable trait for evaluation of ECB damage owing to its high heritability and easy recording. Tunnel length below the primary ear is a useful trait for assessing antibiosis because it is not correlated with days to silking. Inbreds with extreme resistance and susceptibility were identified which can be used as parents for establishing breeding and QTL mapping populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb01024.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translating Milankovitch climate forcing into eustatic fluctuations via thermal deep water expansion: a conceptual link (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Sedimentological evidence indicates metre-scale, cyclic changes in global sea-level during Mesozoic greenhouse climates; the cyclicity is thought to be due to Milankovitch forcing. The absence of continental ice-caps requires other mechanisms than glacier build-up to explain these variations. We propose that thermal expansion of the entire oceanic water column may partly explain the observed sea-level variations on Milankovitch timescales. Using existing climate model results, we show that an increase in deep water temperature of ∼ 2°C and a corresponding sea-level rise of 1.7 m by thermal expansion can be induced by Milankovitch forcing via increased formation of warm deep waters in low latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1997.tb00018.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroprotective Effects of Free Radical Scavengers and Energy Repletion in Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Disease (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 765 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb16565.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Companion cell-specific inhibition of the potato sucrose transporter SUT1 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In many plants, translocation of sucrose from mesnsophyll to phloem for long-distance transport is carrier-mediated. The sucrose H+-symporter gene SUT1 from potato is expressed at high levels in the phloem of mature, exporting leaves and at lower levels in other organs. Inhibition of SUT1 by expression of an antisense gene in companion cells under control of the rolC promoter leads to accumulation of high amounts of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in leaves and inhibition of photosynthesis. The distribution of in situ localized starch does not correspond with areas of reduced photosynthesis as shown by fluorescence imaging. Dissection of antisense effects on sink and source organs by reciprocal grafts shows that inhibition of transporter gene expression in leaves is sufficient to produce chlorosis in leaves and reduced tuber yield. In contrast to the arrest of plasmodesmal development found in plants that express yeast invertase in the apoplast, in mature leaves of sucrose transporter antisense plants plasmodesmata are branched and have median cavities. These data strongly support an apoplastic mode of phloem loading in potato, in which the sucrose transporter located at the plasma membrane of the sieve element/companion cell complex represents the primary route for sugar uptake into the long-distance translocation pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00426.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and analysis of mutants of the dnaK operon of Bacillus subtilis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bacillus subtilis contains at least three classes of heat-shock genes regulated by different mechanisms. We are studying class I heat-shock genes encoded by the operons dnaK and groE. These two operons are both expressed from a vegetative promoter, and their regulation involves a novel heat-shock element designated CIRCE. Here we show that induction of both operons results from enhanced synthesis of mRNA and is independent of de novo protein synthesis. To answer the question of whether dnaK is involved in the deregulation of the heat-shock response as reported for Escherichia coli, two different insertion mutations were isolated within the tetracistronic dnaK operon (orf39–grpE–dnaK–dnaJ). In one mutant a cat cassette was inserted at the beginning of orf39. Transcriptional analysis revealed that this mutation abolished expression of the whole operon. In contrast, the basal level of groE mRNA was significantly increased at 37°C, followed by a prolonged delay in the shut off after temperature upshift. These data point to a crucial role for the orf39 gene in the regulation of class I heat-shock genes. In the other mutant an internal 0.8 kb Bgl II fragment of dnaK was replaced by the cat cassette. In contrast to E. coli dnaK null mutants, the two B. subtilis dnaK operon mutants could grow within a temperature range from 16–52°C. At temperatures above 52°C, they failed to form colonies on agar plates, started to filament, and lost motility. Furthermore, the induction profile of the groE and dnaK operons was not impaired in the dnaK::cat mutant. The expression of the flagellin gene is influenced on both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. By Northern-blot analysis we previously showed that expression of the dnaK operon resulted in two mRNA species of 4.9 and 2.6 kb. Our mutational analysis suggests the formation of the 2.6 kb transcript as a processing product of the 4.9 kb species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02256.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ubiquitin system in plants (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 97 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The small polypeptide ubiquitin participates in a variety of fundamental cellular events, such as cell differentiation, stress response, determination of steady state levels of regulatory proteins, cell cycle control, regulation of transcription, and programmed cell death. Although the complex mechanisms of these processes are not fully understood, ubiquitinylation of regulatory proteins involved in those events is obviously essential. Target proteins can be covalently coupled with one or a few ubiquitin molecules, which is supposed to present a (reversible) post-translational modification. Polyubiquitinylation, however, marks proteins selectively for degradation by the 26S proteasome. The ubiquitin system has been studied mostly with animal systems or yeast, but all basic reactions of ubiquitin appear in plants as well.The scope of this review is to summarize several implications of recent studies directed towards the plant ubiquitin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00523.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormone Profiles of Captive Striped Bass Morone saxatilis During Spermiation, and Long-Term Enhancement of Milt Production (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract— Plasma profiles of reproductive and thyroid hormones were studied in captive striped bass Morone saxatilis during an 11-wk period encompassing the spawning season, and the effect of a sustained-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa)-delivery system (GnRHa-implant) on milt production was evaluated. The highest percentage of spermiating fish was observed between mid-April and mid-May, and mean total expressible milt ranged from 3.5 to 6.0 mL/kg. Plasma gonadotropin II (GtH II) increased significantly, though inconsistently, during the spermiation period, whereas testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone levels declined continually. Plasma 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17,20β,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one remained low and unchanged during the peak of the spermiation period, while thyroid hormones were high and fluctuated without exhibiting a trend consistent with spermiation. The observed endocrine profiles suggest that captivity can diminish plasma GtH II and triiodothyronine levels in striped bass. Transfer of spermiating males from large holding tanks to small spawning tanks reduced total expressible milt after 14 d, but treatment with a GnRHa-implant restored milt volume, presumably due to the prolonged elevation of plasma GnRHa and GtH II induced by the GnRHa-implant. Also, treatment with the GnRHa-implant induced a two- to four-fold elevation of expressible milt for at least 20 d compared to control fish, while resulting in only a 5 to 15% decrease in sperm density. It appears that captivity and hatchery operations can diminish milt production in striped bass, and that GnRHa-delivery systems, via sustained elevation of plasma GtH II, can induce long-term enhancement in milt volume without affecting sperm density greatly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1998.tb00662.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of algal deposition on acetate and methane concentrations in the profundal sediment of a deep lake (Lake Constance) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 16 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the profundal sediment ot Lake Constance (143 m depth) the temperature is constant at 4 °C. Despite the constant temperature, CH4 concentrations changed with season between about 120 μM in winter and about 750 μM in summer, measured down to 30 cm depth. The acetate concentration profiles also varied between seasons. In summer, acetate concentration reached a maximum at about 100 μM in 2 or 4 cm depth. In winter, maximal concentrations of about 5 μM were observed over the entire depth. Input of organic material in late spring may be the reason for the seasonal change of both compounds. To simulate such a sedimentation event, intact sediment cores were covered with suspensions of Porphyridium aerugenium or Synechococcus sp. The addition of the phytoplankton material resulted in a drastic increase of acetate concentrations with a maximum at 2 cm depth, similar to in situ acetate concentrations measured in summer. The same applies for CH4 for which increased concentrations were observed down to 6 cm depth. H2 concentrations, on the other hand, showed no distinct increase. Treatment of intact sediment cores with 14C-labeled Synechococcus cells resulted in the formation of 14C-acetate, 14CH4 and 14CO2. Maximum concentrations of 14CH4 were found at 4 cm depth, i.e. just above the depth to which 14C-acetate penetrated. The results show that phytoplankton blooms may cause a seasonal variation of acetate and CH4 in profundal sediments of deep lakes despite the constant low temperature. They also indicate that acetate is the dominant substrate for methanogenic bacteria in the profundal sediments of Lake Constance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00289.x
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