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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (18)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (10)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1995-1999  (31)
  • 1
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    Hydrodynamics of Suspensions. By M. UNGARISH. Springer, 1993. 322 pp. DM 138. (1995)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-10
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Free convection in an electrochemical system with nonlinear reaction kinetics (1995)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-10
    Description: Unsteady electrolysis of a dilute solution of a metal salt made up of two ions in a system with vertical electrodes is considered for large values of the Rayleigh and Schmidt numbers. The mass transfer at the electrodes is assumed to be related to the local charge transfer potential and concentration by a nonlinear Butler–Volmer law. Free convection of the electrolyte appears owing to the variation of the concentration field. After a short initial period, the electrolyte becomes strongly stratified and the motion takes place in boundary layers at the solid boundaries. An approximate model equation for the evolution of the stratification is derived by using perturbation theory. Predictions from the simplified model are found to be in good agreement with numerical solutions of the complete problem. Significant differences compared with earlier studies for linear kinetics, i.e. cases in which the electric current density at the electrodes is constant, are found. Among other things, for large values of the difference ΔV in electric potential between the electrodes, most of the dissolved salt eventually collects near the bottom of the cell. The concentration in the bulk of the electrolyte is, for large values of ΔV, approximately given by a ninth-order polynomial to be compared with a linear behaviour for linear kinetics. © 1995, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    Holocene Climate in the Northern Great Plains Inferred from Sediment Stratigraphy, Stable Isotopes, Carbonate Geochemistry, Diatoms, and Pollen at Moon Lake, North Dakota (1997)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-01
    Description: Seismic stratigraphy, sedimentary facies, pollen stratigraphy, diatom-inferred salinity, stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C), and chemical composition (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) of authigenic carbonates from Moon Lake cores provide a congruent Holocene record of effective moisture for the eastern Northern Great Plains. Between 11,700 and 950014C yr B.P., the climate was cool and moist. A gradual decrease in effective moisture occurred between 9500 and 710014C yr B.P. A change at about 710014C yr B.P. inaugurated the most arid period during the Holocene. Between 7100 and 400014C yr B.P., three arid phases occurred at 6600–620014C yr B.P., 5400–520014C yr B.P., and 4800–460014C yr B.P. Effective moisture generally increased after 400014C yr B.P., but periods of low effective moisture occurred between 2900–280014C yr B.P. and 1200–80014C yr B.P. The data also suggest high climatic variability during the last few centuries. Despite the overall congruence, the biological (diatom), sedimentological, isotopic, and chemical proxies were occassionally out of phase. At these times the evaporative process was not the only control of lake-water chemical and isotopic composition.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development and advantages of beryllium capsules for the National Ignition Facility : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1953-1959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Capsules with beryllium ablators have long been considered as alternatives to plastic for the National Ignition Facility laser [J. A. Paisner et al., Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)]; now the superior performance of beryllium is becoming well substantiated. Beryllium capsules have the advantages of high density, low opacity, high tensile strength, and high thermal conductivity. Three-dimensional (3-D) calculations with the HYDRA code [NTIS Document No. DE-96004569 (M. M. Marinak et al. in UCRL-LR-105821-95-3)] confirm two-dimensional (2-D) LASNEX [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasmas Phys. Controlled Thermonucl. Fusion 2, 51 (1975)] results that particular beryllium capsule designs are several times less sensitive than the CH point design to instability growth from deuterium-tritium (DT) ice roughness. These capsule designs contain more ablator mass and leave some beryllium unablated at ignition. By adjusting the level of copper dopant, the unablated mass can increase or decrease, with a corresponding decrease or increase in sensitivity to perturbations. A plastic capsule with the same ablator mass as the beryllium and leaving the same unablated mass also shows this reduced perturbation sensitivity. Beryllium's low opacity permits the creation of 250 eV capsule designs. Its high tensile strength allows it to contain DT fuel at room temperature. Its high thermal conductivity simplifies cryogenic fielding. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872865
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ignition target design and robustness studies for the National Ignition Facility (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2084-2093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent results are presented from two-dimensional LASNEX [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasmas Phys. Controlled Thermonucl. Fusion 2, 51 (1975)] calculations of the indirectly driven hohlraum and ignition capsules proposed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The calculations concentrate on two capsule designs, the baseline design that has a bromine-doped plastic ablator, and the beryllium design that has a copper-doped beryllium ablator. Both capsules have a cryogenic fuel layer. Primary emphasis in these calculations is placed upon robustness studies detailing various sensitivities. Because of computer modeling limitations these studies fall into two categories: those performed with integrated modeling where the capsule, hohlraum, and laser rays all are modeled simultaneously with the laser power levels as the only energy input; and those performed in a capsule-only mode where an externally imposed radiative flux is applied to the exterior of the capsule, and only the capsule performance is modeled. Integrated modeling calculations address sensitivities to, e.g., the laser pointing; among other things, capsule-only calculations address yield degradation due to the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by initial surface roughnesses on the capsules. Limitations of the calculational models and directions for future research are discussed. The results of the robustness studies performed to date enhance the authors' confidence that the NIF can achieve ignition and produce 10–15 MJ of capsule yield with one or more capsule designs. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current ratio controller CRC2 for electrodeposition (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4744-4745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the quasicontinuous potentiostatic electrodeposition of compound semiconductors, up to four injection anodes of different and differently changing resistances were used simultaneously. The design of an automatic current control unit to keep the relative anodic currents constant is shown. To allow for dynamic adjustment of the working potential, a ramp generator is added. The all-in-one design facilitates completely oscillation-free operation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145284
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulation of bulk hole transport in AlxGa1−xAs, In1−xAlxAs, and GaAsxSb1−x (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 661-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a Monte Carlo study of hole transport in AlxGa1−xAs, In1−xAlxAs, and GaAsxSb1−x. The effects of alloy scattering are significant in all three cases, but mobilities are still high enough to be advantageous in particular device applications. We separately calculate the Hall r factors by a Boltzmann transport method and show that these factors are vitally important when attempting to compare Monte Carlo drift mobilities with experimental Hall data. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359052
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overdriven-detonation and sound-speed measurements in PBX-9501 and the "thermodynamic'' Chapman–Jouguet pressure (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6129-6141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sound speeds, at pressure, and the overdriven Hugoniot were measured for the plastic-bonded explosive PBX-9501. The two curves intersect at the Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) state because of the sonic condition D=c+u. This permitted a novel determination of the "thermodynamic'' CJ pressure. A value of 34.8±0.3 GPa was obtained. The data permit a direct experimental determination of the isentropic gamma, γS=−(∂lnP/∂lnV)S, and the Grüneisen parameter, γ=V(∂P/∂E)V, in the overdriven pressure range. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363681
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved carrier recombination dynamics of 1.3–1.8 μm broadband light emitting diode structures (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6965-6971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a time-resolved study of carrier recombination dynamics of broadband light emitting diode structures comprised of a series of InGaAs/InGaAlAs digital pseudoalloy short period superlattices fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The structure consists of three quantum wells equally spaced in emission energy over the 1.3–1.8 μm range. We performed a time-resolved study of carrier recombination process for each quantum well using optical pumping. Experimental results show that carrier tunneling across adjacent wells plays a major role in the overall carrier population distribution across the three wells. By tailoring the thicknesses of barriers and wells of the structure, uniform spectral emission covering 1.3–1.8 μm range can be achieved. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363769
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray reciprocal-space mapping of strain relaxation and tilting in linearly graded InAlAs buffers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3578-3584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The extent of relaxation and orientation of linearly graded InxAl1-xAs (x=0.05–0.25) buffers grown on GaAs were examined using a novel x-ray diffraction reciprocal-space mapping technique (kmap). Samples were grown at temperatures ranging from 370 to 550 °C. The fractional relaxation of the buffers grown between 470 and 550 °C was essentially identical (77%) and symmetric in orthogonal 〈110〉 directions. These buffers are believed to be in equilibrium indicating that the incomplete relaxation is not a kinetic effect. The extent of relaxation was less than that expected for equilibrium relaxation in the absence of dislocation–dislocation interactions indicating that such interactions must be considered to accurately predict the extent of relaxation. The saturation of the relaxation as a function of temperature indicates that at the grading rate used (8% In/μm or 0.69% strain/μm), we are not working in a growth regime where the relaxation is nucleation limited. In addition, all the buffers are slightly tilted with respect to the GaAs substrate about [11¯0] toward the [110] direction suggesting either a bias in the dislocation types in the boule-grown GaAs, or a bias in the way in which α and β dislocations interact with unintentional substrate miscuts. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361410
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