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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniqueness of the fair premium for equity-linked life insurance contracts (1996)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 21 (1996), S. 65-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Asian option ; forward risk adjusted measure ; life insurance ; Monte Carlo simulation ; stochastic interest rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract An equity-linked life insurance contract combines an endowment life insurance and an investment strategy with a minimum guarantee. The benefit of this contract is determined by the guaranteed amount plus a bonus equal to a call on the portfolio. This bonus is similar to an Asian option. This article analyzes the relationship between the periodic insurance premium and its proportional share invested into the portfolio. For a general model of the financial risks we show the existence and uniqueness of an insurance premium. Furthermore the premium is strictly increasing and convex as a function of the share invested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00949051
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon synthesis over sulfide catalysts. Break-down of the Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution (1995)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 2 (1995), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: hydrocarbon synthesis ; methanation ; ethanation ; sulfide catalysts ; hydrocarbon distribution ; Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of hydrocarbon synthesis over sulfide-based catalysts was studied. It appears that the formation of methane follows another reaction path than that of higher hydrocarbons. This might explain the very high selectivities for ethane and propane as compared with conventional Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Reference is made to testing of the catalysts at industrial conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01491968
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Penicillin V biosynthesis during fed-batch cultivations with a high-yielding strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Metabolites (both intra- and extracellular) involved in penicillin biosynthesis were measured during fed-batch cultivations with a high-yielding strain of Penicillium chrysogenum. The fed-batch cultivations were carried out on a complex medium containing corn steep liquor. Three distinct phases were observed: (a) a rapid growth phase where free amino acids present in the medium are metabolized, (b) a linear growth phase, and (c) a stationary phase. The specific penicillin production (r p) is initially high and, during the rapid growth phase, it increases slightly. During the linear growth phase r p is approximately constant [4–6 mg penicillin V (g dry weight)-1 h-1 depending on the operating conditions], whereas it decreases during the stationary phase. During the cultivations the tripeptide Aad-Cys-Val (the first metabolite in penicillin biosynthesis) and 8-hydroxypenillic acid (formed by carboxylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, 6-APA) were found to accumulate in the medium, whereas the concentrations of isopenicillin N and 6-APA were found to be approximately constant and low. About 3% of the Aad-Cys-Val formed in the first step of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway is lost to the medium and 4% of the isopenicillin N formed in the second step of the pathway is lost as extracellular isopenicillin N, 6-APA or 8-hydroxypenillic acid. Also the cyclic form of α-aminoadipic acid, 6-oxo-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid, was found to accumulate in the medium and it was found to be formed in an approximately constant ratio to penicillin V of 6 mol/100 mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050380
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of endogenous β-glucuronidase activity in Aspergillus niger (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 240-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  An endogenous β-glucuronidase that hydrolyses the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide (X-gluc) in Aspergillus niger is reported. The activity was induced when the fungus was grown in media containing xylan, but was either very low, or absent, when grown on glucose. Endogenous β-glucuronidase was primarily located in newly formed hyphae, and was apparent at pH values between 3 and 6. Hydrolysis of X-gluc was sensitive to the inhibitor D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone and was irreversibly inactivated by heating. The bacterial uidAβ-glucuronidase reporter gene was strongly expressed in the hyphae of transformed A. niger but, in contrast to the endogenous activity, the enzyme was also active at pH 7–8.5. Histochemical localization of uidA expression in A. niger, without interference from the endogenous β-glucuronidase activity, was achieved by staining at this pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050677
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon catabolite repression of invertase during batch cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the role of glucose, fructose, and mannose (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 50 (1998), S. 579-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract When Saccharomyces cerevisiae are grown on a mixture of glucose and another fermentable sugar such as sucrose, maltose or galactose, the metabolism is diauxic, i.e. glucose is metabolized first, whereas the other sugars are metabolized when glucose is exhausted. This phenomenon is a consequence of glucose repression, or more generally, catabolite repression. Besides glucose, the hexoses fructose and mannose are generally also believed to trigger catabolite repression. In this study, batch fermentations of S. cerevisiae in mixtures of sucrose and either glucose, fructose or mannose were performed. It was found that the utilization of sucrose is inhibited by concentrations of either glucose or fructose higher than 5 g/l, and thus that glucose and fructose are equally capable of exerting catabolite repression. However, sucrose was found to be hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose, even when the mannose concentration was as high as 17 g/l, indicating, that mannose is not a repressing sugar. It is suggested that the capability to trigger catabolite repression is connected to hexokinase PII, which is involved in the in vivo phosphorylation of glucose and fructose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051338
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and purification of O -acetyl-l-serine sulphhydrylase in Penicillium chrysogenum (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 50 (1998), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have demonstrated that Penicillium chrysogenum possesses the l-cysteine biosynthetic enzyme O-acetyl-l-serine sulphhydrylase (EC 4.2.99.8) of the direct sulphhydrylation pathway. The finding of this enzyme, and thus the presence of the direct sulphhydrylation pathway in P. chrysogenum, creates the potential for increasing the overall yield in penicillin production by enhancing the enzymatic activity of this microorganism. Only O-acetyl-l-serine sulphhydrylase and O-acetyl-l-homoserine sulphhydrylase (EC 4.2.99.10) have been demonstrated to use O-acetyl-l-serine as substrate for the formation of l-cysteine. The purified␣enzyme did not catalyse the formation of l-homocysteine from O-acetyl-l-homoserine and sulphide, excluding the possibility that the purified enzyme was O-acetyl-l-homoserine sulphhydrylase with multiple substrate specificity. The purification enhanced the enzymatic specific activity 93-fold in relation to the cell-free extract. Two bands, showing exactly the same intensity, were present on a sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel, and the molecular masses of these were estimated to be 59 kDa and 68 kDa respectively. The K m value for O-acetyl-l-serine and V max of O-acetyl-l-serine sulphhydrylase were estimated to be 1.3 mM and 14.9 μmol/mg protein−1 h−1 respectively. The activity of the purified enzyme had a temperature optimum of approximately 45 °C, which is much higher than the actual temperature for penicillin synthesis. Furthermore, O-acetyl-l-serine sulphhydrylase activity was to have a maximum in the range of pH 7.0–7.4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051348
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of penicillin V biosynthesis during fed-batch cultivations with a high-yielding strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Metabolites (both intra- and extracellular) involved in penicillin biosynthesis were measured during fed-batch cultivations with a high-yielding strain of Penicillium chrysogenum. The fed-batch cultivations were carried out on a complex medium containing corn steep liqour. Three distinct phases were observed: (a) a rapid growth phase where free amino acids present in the medium are metabolized, (b) a linear growth phase, and (c) a stationary phase. The specific penicillin production (r p) is initially high and, during the rapid growth phase, it increases slightly. During the linear growth phase r p is approximately constant [4–6 mg penicillin V (g dry weight)−1 h−1 depending on the operating conditions], whereas it decreases during the stationary phase. During the cultivations the tripeptide Aad-Cys-Val (the first metabolite in penicillin biosynthesis) and 8-hydroxypenillic acid (formed by carboxylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, 6-APA) were found to accumulate in the medium, whereas the concentrations of isopenicillin N and 6-APA were found to be approximately constant and low. About 3% of the Aad-Cys-Val formed in the first step of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway is lost to the medium and 4% of the isopenicillin N formed in the second step of the pathway is lost as extracellular isopenicillin N, 6-APA or 8-hydroxypenillic acid. Also the cyclic form of α-aminoadipic acid, 6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid, was found to accumulate in the medium and it was found to be formed in an approximately constant ratio to penicillin V of 6 mol/100 mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170633
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colony-level and season-specific variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of individual workers in the ant Formica truncorum (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 58-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Cuticular hydrocarbons, ants, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of individual workers of the ant Formica truncorum were measured and found to contain relatively few hydrocarbons. Pentacosane, heptacosane, nonacosane and hentriacontane dominated the mixture, but small amounts of the corresponding alkenes were also present. Principal component analysis and nested analysis of variance showed that workers from different colonies varied significantly in quantitative aspects of their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Furthermore, differences between habitat-patches within populations and (to some extent) between populations were also detected. Finally, workers from the same colony, sampled only a few months apart, were found to be different in the quantitative composition of their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, emphasising the importance of collecting samples from a colony at a single point in time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elongated CAG repeats of the B37 gene in a Danish family with dentato-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy (1995)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 95 (1995), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dentato-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy (DRPLA) is considered to be rare in Europe. We describe a Danish family in which affected individuals in at least three generations have been diagnosed as suffering from Huntington's disease. Because analysis of the Huntingtin gene revealed normal alleles and various of the patients had seizures, we analysed the B37 gene and found significantly elongated CAG repeats as have been reported in DRPLA. Affected individuals with almost identical repeat lengths presented very different symptoms. Both expansion and contraction in paternal transmission was encountered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225200
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red List of lampreys and marine fishes of the Wadden Sea (1996)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 50 (1996), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the Wadden Sea areas of Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands, a total of 162 fish and lamprey species is known. 72 of these species are migrants entering the area occasionally; the total number of resident species in the Wadden Sea area is 90. In the Wadden Sea, in total, 20 species of fish and lamprey species are threatened in at least one subregion. Of these, 19 species are threatened in the entire area and are therefore placed on the trilateral Red List. 2 species of the listed fish and lamprey species are (probably) extinct in the entire Wadden Sea area. The status of 5 species of fish and lamprey species is critical, 5 species are (probably) endangered, the status of 6 is vulnerable and of 1 species susceptible. For about 16 rare species which may also be threatened, data were not sufficient to estimate past and present population sizes. The contributors to the list would like to encourage researchers to intensify work on the ecology and the present population sizes of these rare Wadden Sea species (see Fricke et al., 1995).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02366178
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