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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (42)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (41)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (17)
  • 1995-1999  (100)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic Variation by Telomeric Recombination of Major-Surface-Glycoprotein Genes of Pneumocystis carinii (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04949.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective Partition Constant of Solute between Ice and Liquid Phases in Progressive Freeze-Concentration (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Progressive freeze-concentration was effectively applied to concentrate glucose in a model solution. Effective partition constants of the solute between the liquid and solid phases were determined experimentally. The constant was strongly dependent on the stirring rate at the ice front and the advance rate of the ice front. Increasing stirring rate and reduced rate of advance lowered the effective partition constant: an improvement in freeze concentration performance. A concentration polarization model was useful to describe the effects of the operating conditions on the effective partition constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb17893.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF JAPAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS' PRIVATIZATION ON LABOR PRODUCTIVITY (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 75 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Japan National Railways went private in 1987, the first of many national railways to do so, and the Japanese experience could provide lessons to other nations. This paper evaluates the effects of Japan National Railways' Privatization on labor productivity and employment in the passenger sectors. The main data was obtained from the Annual Rail Statistics of both the Ministry of Transport and Japan National Railways. Quantitative methods such as labor productivity models were used to evaluate the effects of privatization. Large private railways, which are considered the most efficient railways in Japan, are often compared to privatized Japan Railways. Major findings are as follows: First, Japan Railways still have 20% more employees than large private railways. Second, current productivity differences between Japan Railways and large private railways appear in station and maintenance activities. Third, reduction in employment during the transitional periods of privatization greatly contributed to increases in the productivity of Japan Railways. Fourth, it is not clear whether or not productivity differences among regional Japan Railways have been decreasing since privatization. Finally, the effect of privatization on productivity growth was about 29%. Moreover, even if productivity increases, safety is not compromised, with serious accidents clearly being unrelated to productivity growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00660.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diluted rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis (Muller), extract as culture medium stimulates hatching of red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hatching rates and hatching times (50% hatch) of red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), eggs in culture media that were prepared to dilute rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Muller extract at 4000-, 6000-. 8000- and 10 000-fold with artificial sea water (σ15, = 24.0) were investigated. Although differences in hatching rate between the culture media and control artificial sea water were negligible, hatching time was significantly shorter in media at 4000- and 6000-fold dilutions than in media at 8000- and 10 000-fold dilutions and in the control artificial sea water, when the eggs immediately post spawning were incubated. The hatching rates of eggs at three developmental stages, immediately post-spawning, gastrula stage and heart-beat initiation stage, incubated respectively in the medium at 6000-fold dilution and the control, did not differ either, yet the hatching times at each egg stage in the medium were significantly shorter than that in the control. These results suggest that hatching enzyme secretion from the hatching glands is promoted to perceive chemical stimuli in the water-soluble fraction of rotifer extract via the embryo's chemoreceptors, from the heart-beat initiation stage to immediately before hatching, thus shortening the hatching time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00909.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphism of two waxy proteins in the emmer group of tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, and T. durum (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Gel-electrophoretic analyses detected polymorphism of two waxy (Wx) proteins, Wx-Al and Wx-Bl, in 334 accessions of the emmer group of tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum and T. durum. The null allele for the Wx-Al protein (Wx-Alb) was found in one accession of T. dicoccoides and seven of T. dicoccum, but it was not present in those T. durum accessions analysed. The null allele for the Wx-Bl protein (Wx-Blb) did not occur in three emmer-wheat species. Wx-Al and Wx-Bl proteins showing alteration in mobility in SDS-PAGE gel or in isoelectric points were found in five accessions and considered to be the products of new alleles, Wx-Ald, Wx-Ale and/or Wx-Bld. Densitometric analysis of Wx protein bands revealed that Wx-Al was present in smaller amounts than Wx-B1 in almost all accessions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00796.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of PACAP-VIP Hybrid Peptides on Gastric Blood Flow in Conscious Dogs (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 805 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17512.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron Emission Tomography Study of the Alterations in Brain Distribution of [11C]Methamphetamine in Methamphetamine-Sensitized Dog (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 801 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We newly prepared a MAP-sensitized dog by repeated MAP treatment and studied the brain distribution of [11C]MAP in the normal and the MAP-sensitized dog using PET. The maximal level of accumulation of [11C]MAP in the sensitized dog brain was 1.4 times higher than that in the control. No difference was found in the metabolism of MAP between the two conditions. The significant increase of [11C]MAP in the MAP-sensitized brain indicates that subchronic MAP administration causes some functional change in the uptake site of MAP. The pharmacokinetic change may, in part, account for behavioral sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17462.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma Methionine Enkephalin-Like Immunoreactivity in Patients with Methamphetamine Psychosis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 801 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17465.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in the physical state of crown water associated with freezing tolerance in winter wheat (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 99 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between freezing tolerance (expressed as LT50, the lethal freezing temperature for 50% of plants) and the amount and physical state (as determined by spin-lattice [T1] and spin-spin [T2] relaxation times of protons) of water in crown tissue was examined in contrasting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown under field conditions from 1992 to 1994. During acclimation, the LT50 values decreased from around -7 to -17, -20 and -27°C in PI 173438, Chihokukomugi and Valuevskaya, respectively. Tissue water content decreased continuously through autumn to reach a plateau around 3 g H2O (g dry weight)-1 in early winter when LT50 was still decteasing, and then gradually increased under snow cover. A significant negative correlation was found between mean minimum air temperatures and freezing tolerance prior to the establishment of continuous snow cover. In contrast, a positive association between mean minimum temperatures and crown tissue water content was significant only when air temperatures were above 0°C, as water content did not decrease further at sub-zero temperatures. Seasonal changes in T1 were closely related to changes in freezing tolerance. T1 decreased until January even though water content stopped decreasing. Further tests on 15 field-grown varieties confirmed a strong negative association between freezing tolerance and T1. The results suggest that cold hardening is comprised of two stages, with the transition occurring at ca 0°C. Development of hardiness was related to (1) a reduction in water content in the first stage (at minimum temperatures 〉 0°C), and (2) a change in physical state of water without much reduction in water content in the second stage. Varietal differences in hardiness thus arise due to changes in both water content and physical state of water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb00548.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison and interpretation of graphitization in contact and regional metamorphic rocks (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of carbonaceous materials were carried out in conjunction with petrological studies for selected metamorphic rocks in order to compare the structural state of carbonaceous materials between contact and regional metamorphic rocks. The most extensive study was done for the Daimonji contact aureole in the eastern part of Kyoto city, Japan. The Daimonji contact aureole can be divided into three mineral zones using mineral parageneses of pelitic rocks: chlorite, biotite and cordierite zones. The cordierite zone can be further subdivided into lower- and higher-grade subzones. Petrological considerations allow the two isograd reactions that define the lower- and higher-grade cordierite subzones to be determined and suggest these reactions occurred at 510–560°C and 560–590°C per 2.0-2.3 kbar, respectively. A combination of the petrological studies and the XRD data of carbonaceous materials suggest that fully ordered graphite (FG; defined by d(002) ≤ 3.360 Å following the convention used by many workers), appears around 560–590°C in the Daimonji contact aureole. This data and refinement of geothermometer for published data confirmed that the FG appears at 400–500°C in regional metamorphic rocks, but at higher than 530°C in contact aureoles. One possible explanation for such a temperature difference is the duration of heating. However, the width at half height (WH) of the graphite peak attains a similar value of 0.30° at around 500°C both in contact and regional metamorphic rocks, suggesting that WH value is a more reliable indicator of metamorphic grade than the change of d(002) value. Furthermore, the depressed d(002) data of graphite was observed locally in the higher grade part (≥ 500°C) of the Ryoke regional metamorphic belt, where granitic intrusions exist within a few km distance. These facts indicate that the duration of heating is not an important factor controlling the change of d(002) value. It is possible that interlayered impurities, such as chlorine, which was derived from igneous intrusions, may be an important factor in suppressing the reduction in d(002) at temperatures greater than 500°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1995.tb00136.x
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