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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and magnetic properties of FexNi1−x ultrathin films on Cu(100) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5635-5637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated ultrathin FexNi1−x films grown epitaxially on Cu(100) with different stochiometry. With the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) we measured the variation of the Curie temperature TC as a function of the film thickness n in monolayers (ML). Using the results of our previous investigations on finite-size scaling (Huang et al.), we are able to extrapolate the value TC(∞) for samples with different Fe content. In particular, alloy films with Fe concentrations close to 65% remain ferromagnetic. This is in contrast to bulk Fe65Ni35, which shows a collapse of long range order, which is the so-called invar effect associated with a fcc to bcc structural transition. Growing these alloy films on a Cu(100) substrate forces them to adapt the Cu lattice spacing, thereby suppressing the structural relaxation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362265
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrically detected magnetic resonance in a-Si:H/a-Ge:H multilayers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9166-9171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transport and recombination properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon/hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Si:H/a-Ge:H) multilayers have been investigated as a function of the a-Ge:H well width by electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). For a-Ge:H layers thicker than 4 nm, the EDMR signal is positive in sign, or enhancing, and composed of two components. It is observed in the dark as well as under illumination, and assigned to hopping through defects perpendicular to the multilayer planes. For the samples with a-Ge:H layer thinner than 4 nm, the EDMR signal is negative in sign, or quenched, and observed only under illumination. The quenched signal is also composed of two components, and is assigned to the recombination of the photocreated carriers in the a-Si:H layer, as well as in the interface. The results indicate that the good photoconductivity in the infrared observed in such multilayers is explained by transfer of carriers from the a-Ge:H well to the a-Si:H layer. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362588
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Auger spectra of CF4 in the light of foreign imaging (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 9754-9767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fluorine and carbon Auger spectra of CF4 are investigated by computing very many dicationic states in the valence region up to 120 eV with the Green's function method. An analysis of the double hole density in the correlated states of CF4++ proves that pronounced hole localization phenomena at the fluorine atoms take place in almost all the final states of the Auger decay. We discuss how these phenomena are at the origin of the observed fluorine and carbon Auger spectral profiles and, in particular, how they provide a complete and conclusive interpretation of the spectra. The intra-atomic nature of the Auger process allows us, by a simple convolution of appropriate (localized) one-site components of the computed two-hole density distribution, to obtain line shapes which are in close agreement with experiment. To show the general validity of the presented arguments we also compare the results for CF4 to the Auger spectra of BF3. The central atom spectrum of these molecules can be understood in the light of the recently introduced foreign imaging picture of Auger spectroscopy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471737
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of FexNi1−x ultrathin films on Cu(100) near the invar concentration : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3898-3900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have grown ultrathin FexNi1−x films epitaxially on Cu(100) with different stoichiometry. Previous measurements showed a deviation of the thickness dependence of Tc for a Fe75Ni25 alloy, which was not observed for smaller Fe concentrations. Therefore, we investigated the growth near this invar concentration more closely. With a charge coupled device camera based acquisition system, we observed the evolution of the reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern during growth near the invar concentration. This allows us to determine the in-plane lattice constant of the top layer. Up to 66% Fe content, we see in-plane lattice constant oscillations similar to the Co/Cu(100) system [Fassbender et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4476 (1995)]. At 80% Fe content, these oscillations are suppressed and we observe also a lattice contraction as expected from recent calculations. We discuss these results in connection with our previous results on the magnetic properties of FexNi1−x ultrathin films. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365063
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Switching field interval of the sensitive magnetic layer in exchange-biased spin valves (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3442-3451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The switching field interval, ΔHs, of Ni–Fe–Co-based thin films and spin-valve layered structures, sputter-deposited on a Ta-buffer layer, was studied. The switching field interval is the field range in which the magnetization reversal of a ferromagnetic layer takes place. In thin films, ΔHs is determined by the uniaxial anisotropy, induced by growth in a magnetic field. This anisotropy increases with the ferromagnetic layer thickness and saturates at a thickness of 10–25 nm. It also depends on the alloy composition as well as on the choice of the adjacent layers. In exchange-biased spin valves, an additional contribution to ΔHs was observed, which increases monotonically with increasing interlayer coupling. We explain this in terms of the effect on the magnetization reversal of the sensitive layer due to a simultaneous small, but temporary, magnetization rotation in the exchange-biased layer and lateral variations of the interlayer coupling. In addition, the effect of biquadratic coupling on ΔHs is discussed. Finally, the thermal stability of ΔHs is investigated. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365660
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical excitation of paramagnetic nitrogen in chemical vapor deposited diamond (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3215-3217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Investigations of polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited diamond films by electron-spin-resonance (ESR), light-induced (L)ESR, and the constant photoconductivity method have identified dispersed substitutional nitrogen (P1 center) as the main paramagnetic form of N incorporated in the CVD diamond. The density of N-related paramagnetic states is strongly affected by illumination and heat treatment. It is found that the P1 center in CVD diamond gives rise to a deep donor state about 1.5 eV below the conduction band. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117965
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing of the quantum dot size distribution in CdTe-doped glasses by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We studied confinement effects in CdTe quantum dots by means of photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. We show that by changing the detection energy we can resolve the spectrum of quantum dots of different sizes inside their much broader size distribution in CdTe-doped glass. The spectra obtained show several well-resolved lines. There is excellent agreement between the photoluminescence excitation spectra peak energies and calculations of the confined energy transitions based on a modified multiband envelope function model. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114049
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated reflection and conductivity measurements on (2,5-dimethyl-dicyanoquinonediimine)2Cu crystals and films (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 5735-5741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present correlated temperature dependent reflection and conductivity measurements on crystals and films of the undeuterated (h8) and the partly deuterated (d6) (2,5-dimethyl- dicyanoquinonediimine)2Cu radical anion salt. Using thin optical fibers, it was possible to study individual needle like crystals of a diameter of only a few μm. The temperature dependence of the reflectivity of single (d6) needles in the visible and the near-infrared region shows a "dip'', which coincides with the phase transition in the conductivity. To interpret our data, we extended the commonly used models for the conductivity from Drude and Epstein, so that we are able to deal with reflection and conductivity in terms of one consistent model. For the (d6) films, a metal–insulator phase transition has been proved by reflection and conductivity. With the assumption of a broad distribution of different phase transition temperatures for the crystallites of the films, the observed spectra of films can also be treated with the model used for the crystals. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470453
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  • 19
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    Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect flight (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-18
    Description: The enhanced aerodynamic performance of insects results from an interaction of three distinct yet interactive mechanisms: delayed stall, rotational circulation, and wake capture. Delayed stall functions during the translational portions of the stroke, when the wings sweep through the air with a large angle of attack. In contrast, rotational circulation and wake capture generate aerodynamic forces during stroke reversals, when the wings rapidly rotate and change direction. In addition to contributing to the lift required to keep an insect aloft, these two rotational mechanisms provide a potent means by which the animal can modulate the direction and magnitude of flight forces during steering maneuvers. A comprehensive theory incorporating both translational and rotational mechanisms may explain the diverse patterns of wing motion displayed by different species of insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickinson, M H -- Lehmann, F O -- Sane, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1954-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. flymannd@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Movement ; Robotics ; Rotation ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Radio Frequency Signals in Jupiter's Atmosphere (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: During the Galileo probe's descent through Jupiter's atmosphere, under the ionosphere, the lightning and radio emission detector measured radio frequency signals at levels significantly above the probe's electromagnetic noise. The signal strengths at 3 and 15 kilohertz were relatively large at the beginning of the descent, decreased with depth to a pressure level of about 5 bars, and then increased slowly until the end of the mission. The 15-kilohertz signals show arrival direction anisotropies. Measurements of radio frequency wave forms show that the probe passed through an atmospheric region that did not support lightning within at least 100 kilometers and more likely a few thousand kilometers of the descent trajectory. The apparent opacity of the jovian atmosphere increases sharply at pressures greater than about 4 bars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanzerotti -- Rinnert -- Dehmel -- Gliem -- Krider -- Uman -- Bach -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):858-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉L. J. Lanzerotti, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, and the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. K. Rinnert, Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomy, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. G. Dehmel, F. O. Gliem, J. Bach, Universitat Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. E. P. Krider, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. M. A. Uman, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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