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  • Wiley  (270)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (154)
  • Cell Press  (48)
  • Oxford University Press  (37)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1995-1999  (521)
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  • 1
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    [Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6, an Interstitially Stabilized Heteroleptic Gadolinium Sesquihalide (1996)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed spin-polarized intersubband lasers (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4734-4739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spin-polarized intersubband lasers based on optically pumped type-II antimonide quantum wells in a magnetic field are proposed. Complete discretization of the electron energy spectrum is predicted to extend the electron lifetime considerably. Continuous-wave room-temperature operation is projected for both interband and intersubband pumping configurations lasing at λ=16–24 μm. Furthermore, the parasitic capacitances associated with electrical injection are eliminated, and the large differential gain and fast intrinsic time scale should give modulation bandwidths in excess of 100 GHz. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371437
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The two-dimensional structure of radiative divertor plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak : The 38th annual meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) of the American Physical Society (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1761-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent measurements of the two-dimensional (2-D) spatial profiles of divertor plasma density, temperature, and emissivity in the DIII-D tokamak [J. Luxon et al., in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), p. 159] under highly radiating conditions are presented. Data are obtained using a divertor Thomson scattering system and other diagnostics optimized for measuring the high electron densities and low temperatures in these detached divertor plasmas (ne≤1021 m−3, 0.5 eV≤Te). D2 gas injection in the divertor increases the plasma radiation and lowers Te to less than 2 eV in most of the divertor volume. Modeling shows that this temperature is low enough to allow ion–neutral collisions, charge exchange, and volume recombination to play significant roles in reducing the plasma pressure along the magnetic separatrix by a factor of 3–5, consistent with the measurements. Absolutely calibrated vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and 2-D images of impurity emission show that carbon radiation near the X-point, and deuterium radiation near the target plates contribute to the reduction in Te. Uniformity of radiated power (Prad) (within a factor of 2) along the outer divertor leg, with peak heat flux on the divertor target reduced fourfold, was obtained. A comparison with 2-D fluid simulations shows good agreement when physical sputtering and an ad hoc chemical sputtering source (0.5%) from the private flux region surface are used. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872278
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-pulse laser harmonics from oscillating plasma surfaces driven at relativistic intensity (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3425-3437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generation of harmonics by interaction of an ultrashort laser pulse with a step boundary of a plane overdense plasma layer is studied at intensities Iλ2=1017–1019 W cm−2 μm2 for normal and oblique incidence and different polarizations. Fully relativistic one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are performed with high spectral resolution. Harmonic emission increases with intensity and also when lowering the plasma density. The simulations reveal strong oscillations of the critical surface driven by the normal component of the laser field and by the ponderomotive force. It is shown that the generation of harmonics can be understood as reflection from the oscillating surface, taking full account of retardation. Describing the oscillations by one or more Fourier components with adjustable amplitudes, model spectra are obtained that well reproduce the PIC spectra. The model is based on relativistic cold plasma equations for oblique incidence. General selection rules concerning polarization of odd and even harmonics depending on incident polarization are derived. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871619
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated Raman backscattering with and without optical fiber smoothing technique in 0.53 μm laser-created plasmas (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2075-2083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Backward stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) experiments have been performed using the optical fiber smoothing implemented on the high-power Phébus laser facility [Laser Part. Beams 4, 93 (1988)]. The interaction took place in low-Z plasmas presenting either exponential density profiles (solid targets) or Gaussian-type profiles. Raman instability was driven with 1.4 ns duration—0.53 μm laser pulses, containing an energy up to 1.8 kJ. Comparative and absolute measurements of SRS reflectivity are reported as a function of the incident laser intensity, both with and without beam smoothing. Near-backward time-resolved SRS spectra are also presented. Random phase plates are not used in these experiments. With or without smoothing, SRS reflectivities of the order of 10% have been measured. However, smoothing becomes effective in exponential profiles below 1015 W/cm2. Although the optical fiber efficiently reduces the contrast of the energy modulations in the focal spot, the spectral bandwidth may be insufficient to quench SRS development in these conditions. This last assumption is in agreement with theoretical predictions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871294
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On electron acceleration by intense laser pulses in the presence of a stochastic field (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron acceleration by intense laser pulses is studied in the presence of a stochastic field representing a background plasma. Electron distributions are generated peaked in the direction of laser propagation and having a quasi-thermal energy spectrum. Effective temperatures are obtained above the ponderomotive energy. They scale with laser intensity I0 and interaction time t0 proportional to I01/2t0α with α(approximate)0.5−1.0. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873347
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asynchronous cycling as a convergence acceleration method in particle simulation of direct current glow discharges (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3152-3162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The problem of multiple time scales in modeling plasmas by dynamical particle simulation methods, such as the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, is well known. One important cause is the large ratio of the ion and electron mass. Ways to overcome this problem are the implicit PIC, or simply, the use of a reduced ion–electron mass ratio. However, these methods are not acceptable in modeling dc glow discharges by the PIC-Monte Carlo hybrid simulation technique. Therefore, a new method called asynchronous cycling was developed, which manipulates the synchronization of the electron and ion simulation cycles. It allows a 50 times faster convergence due to direct reduction of the different time scales for situations in which the changes of macroscopic quantities are slower than the ion movement. This is demonstrated by the modeling of a complete one-dimensional dc glow discharge including cathode fall, plasma bulk, and anode fall. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872454
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic wave breaking in warm plasmas (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 493-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A unified description of wave breaking for relativistic plasma waves having arbitrary phase velocity is obtained on the basis of warm relativistic electron fluid theory [Phys. Fluids 25, 846 (1982)]. Limiting cases found in the literature are reproduced. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of high-performance negative central magnetic shear discharges in the DIII-D tokamak (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1983-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Reliable operation of discharges with negative central magnetic shear has led to significant increases in plasma performance and reactivity in both low confinement, L-mode, and high confinement, H-mode, regimes in the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159]. Using neutral beam injection early in the initial current ramp, a large range of negative shear discharges have been produced with durations lasting up to 3.2 s. The total noninductive current (beam plus bootstrap) ranges from 50% to 80% in these discharges. In the region of shear reversal, significant peaking of the toroidal rotation [fφ(0)∼30–60 kHz] and ion temperature [Ti(0)∼15–22 keV] profiles are observed. In high-power discharges with an L-mode edge, peaked density profiles are also observed. Confinement enhancement factors up to H≡τE/τITER-89P∼2.5 with an L-mode edge, and H∼3.3 in an edge localized mode (ELM)-free H mode, are obtained. Transport analysis shows both ion thermal diffusivity and particle diffusivity to be near or below standard neoclassical values in the core. Large pressure peaking in the L mode leads to high disruptivity with βN≡βT/(I/aB)≤2.3, while broader pressure profiles in the H mode gives low disruptivity with βN≤4.2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871994
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does high density–low pressure etching depend on the type of plasma source? (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2197-2202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Etching of SiO2 with CF4 in three types of high density–low pressure (5×1011 cm−3, 1–10 mTorr) etch tools: electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), inductively coupled (ICP), and helicon (HRF) is described. Although the physical processes that produce the plasma in the three types of sources are quite different, the etch rate processes are identical when viewed from the wafer sheath boundary. Measurements demonstrate that if sufficient fluorine is present, the etch rate limiting step depends only on the ion energy flux to the wafer, rather than on the details of the chemical species. Etch rate control depends only on the wafer bias power. Experimental results are device independent so the etch rate in high density–low pressure plasma sources does not depend on the plasma source power. Major differences in tool etch rate characteristics are more likely determined by tool wall material (and wall chemistry) and tool geometry rather than the physical process that is used to produce the plasma. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871675
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