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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (267)
  • Aircraft Propulsion and Power
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 1995-1999  (296)
  • 1940-1944  (41)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular interactions between fibronectin and integrins during mouse blastocyst outgrowth (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 435-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Peri-implantation embryogenesis ; Trophoblast cells ; Recombinant proteins ; Integrins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To investigate the mechanism of trophoblast adhesion to fibronectin, we cultured blastocysts in serum-free medium on proteolytic fibronectin fragments containing its major functional domains, and localized fibronectin-binding integrins in outgrowing trophoblast cells by immunofluorescent staining. Outgrowth comparable to that obtained with intact fibronectin was observed using a 120 kD chymotryptic fragment containing the central cell-binding domain (FN-120) and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) recognition sequence. A 40 kD COOH-terminal chymotryptic fragment of fibronectin containing both a heparin-binding region and an alternate (non-RGD) cell-binding site was inactive in supporting trophoblast adhesion. Three synthetic peptides derived from the heparin-binding domain, including the CS1 alternate cell-binding site, were also unable to promote trophoblast cell adhesion. A 75 kD recombinant protein, ProNectin F, containing 13 copies of the cell recognition epitope of fibronectin, Val-Thr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser, vigorously supported blastocyst outgrowth. Blastocyst outgrowth was not significantly different when surfaces were precoated with cellular fibronectin, which contains an alternatively spliced type III repeat and is the form actually encountered in vivo. Several putative fibronectin receptors were localized in trophoblast outgrowths by immunofluorescent labeling. Antibodies reactive with integrin subunits α3, α5, αllb, αv, β1 and β3, but not α4, all bound to trophoblast cells. Antibodies raised against either the β1 or β3 integrin subunits significantly inhibited fibronectin-mediated outgrowth. These findings demonstrate the key role of the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin in trophoblast adhesion, and suggest four RGD-binding integrins, α3β1, α5β1, αllbβ3, and αvβ3, that could mediate trophoblast adhesion in vitro and may play an important role during implantation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and location of amphiregulin and Cripto-1 expression in the developing postnatal mouse mammary gland (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: EGF-like ligands ; Postnatal development ; RT-PCR ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunoblotting ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Amphiregulin (Ar) and Cripto-1 (Cr-1) are growth promoting peptides that share amino acid sequence homology with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The present study examined Ar and Cr-1 mRNA and protein expression during various stages of C57BL/6 mouse mammary morphogenesis. Reverse transciption-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect transcripts for Ar and Cr-1 at all stages of mammary development. Immunocytochemical (ICC) localization demonstrated that in virgin 4-week to mature 12-week-old mouse fourth inguinal mammary gland, Ar and Cr-1 are expressed in the stromal cells, luminal epithelial cells, and myoepithelial cells of the branching ducts. Ar, and to lesser extent Cr-1, were also found in the epithelial cap cells and in the luminal epithelial cells of the advancing terminal end bud (TEB) from virgin 4-week and 6-week-old mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated that both Ar (28 and 26 kDa) and Cr-1 (90, 67, 56, and 21 kDa) proteins are expressed in virgin, 13.5 day midpregnant and in the 14 day lactating mammary gland. In addition, Ar and Cr-1 are associated with developing alveolar structures as determined by ICC. These results imply that together with EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), Ar and Cr-1 may play salient roles as modifiers in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the mammary gland. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble formation in animals. I. Physical factorsThis work has been aided since July 1, 1942, by grants from the Committee on Aviation Medicine of the National Research Council carried out under contract recommended by the Committee on Medical Reseach between the Office of Scientific Research and Development and Princeton University. (1944)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 24 (1944), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030240102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble formation in animals. II. Gas nuclei and their distribution in blood and tissuesThis work has been aided since July 1, 1942, by grants from the Committee on Aviation Medicine of the National Research Council carried out under contract recommended by the Commitee on Medical Reseach between the Office of Scientific Research and Development and Princeton University. Reference will not be made to progress reports or other literature of the Committee on Aviation Medicine. (1944)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 24 (1944), S. 23-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030240103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed magnetic field from video display terminals enhances teratogenic effects of cytosine arabinoside in mice (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 16 (1995), S. 70-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: video display terminals ; embryogenesis ; teratology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Eighty-nine Swiss Webster mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) group, a cytosine arabinoside (ara-C, a teratogen) group, and, a combined PMF + ara-C group. Mice in the PMF and PMF + ara-C groups were irradiated with a PMF (a sawtooth waveform with 52 μs rise time, 12 μs decay time, and 15.6 kHz frequency) at a peak magnetic flux density of 40 μT for 4 hours daily on days 6-17 of gestation. The mice in the ara-C and the PMF + ara-C groups were injected intraperitoneally on day 9 of gestation with 10 mg/kg of ara-C. The incidence of resorption and dead fetuses was not affected by PMF but was increased by ara-C injection. The malformation incidence of cleft palate (CP) and/or cleft lip (CL) was significantly higher in all three of the treated groups than in the control group (P 〈 0.05). If, however, statistical analyses had been done on litters rather than on individual fetuses, they would show that the incidence of CP and/or CL in the PMF group is not significantly greater than that in the control group. A significantly higher incidence of CP and/or CL was found in the PMF + ara-C group (49%) than the ara-C alone group (26.1%). These data suggest that PMF might enhance the development of ara-C-induced CP and/or CL. The incidence of minor variations in skeletal development, including reduction of skeletal calcification and loss of skeleton, was not statistically significant in the PMF group. However, it was higher in the two ara-C-treated groups, and there was no significant difference between the ara-C alone group and the ara-C + PMF group. From these results it is concluded that the very weak embryotoxic effects of PMF exposure may be revealed and enhanced in combination with a teratogenic agent. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250160113
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  • 6
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    Flow Coupling Effects in Jet-in-Crossflow Flowfields (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The combustor designer is typically required to design liner orifices that effectively mix air jets with crossflow effluent. CFD combustor analysis is typically used in the design process; however the jets are usually assumed to enter the combustor with a uniform velocity and turbulence profile. The jet-mainstream flow coupling is usually neglected because of the computational expense. This CFD study was performed to understand the effect of jet-mainstream flow coupling, and to assess the accuracy of jet boundary conditions that are commonly used in combustor internal calculations. A case representative of a plenum-fed quick-mix section of a Rich Burn/Quick Mix/Lean Burn combustor (i.e. a jet-mainstream mass-flow ratio of about 3 and a jet-mainstream momentum-flux ratio of about 30) was investigated. This case showed that the jet velocity entering the combustor was very non-uniform, with a low normal velocity at the leading edge of the orifice and a high normal velocity at the trailing edge of the orifice. Three different combustor-only cases were analyzed with uniform inlet jet profile. None of the cases matched the plenum-fed calculations. To assess liner thickness effects, a thin-walled case was also analyzed. The CFD analysis showed the thin-walled jets had more penetration than the thick-walled jets.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA-TM-107257 , NAS 1.15:107257 , AIAA Paper 96-2762 , E-10318 , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference; Jul 01, 1996 - Jul 03, 1996; Lake Buena Vista, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    An Evaluation of Aircraft Emissions Inventory Methodology by Comparisons with Reported Airline Data (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: This report provides results of work done to evaluate the calculation methodology used in generating aircraft emissions inventories. Results from the inventory calculation methodology are compared to actual fuel consumption data. Results are also presented that show the sensitivity of calculated emissions to aircraft payload factors. Comparisons of departures made, ground track miles flown and total fuel consumed by selected air carriers were made between U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DOT) Form 41 data reported for 1992 and results of simplified aircraft emissions inventory calculations. These comparisons provide an indication of the magnitude of error that may be present in aircraft emissions inventories. To determine some of the factors responsible for the errors quantified in the DOT Form 41 analysis, a comparative study of in-flight fuel flow data for a specific operator's 747-400 fleet was conducted. Fuel consumption differences between the studied aircraft and the inventory calculation results may be attributable to several factors. Among these are longer flight times, greater actual aircraft weight and performance deterioration effects for the in-service aircraft. Results of a parametric study on the variation in fuel use and NOx emissions as a function of aircraft payload for different aircraft types are also presented.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA/CR-1999-209480 , Rept-99B00077 , NAS 1.26:209480
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buccal glands of adults of the lamprey Mordacia mordax, including comparisons with other species (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mordacia mordax is one of the two anadromous parasitic lamprey species of the southern hemisphere family Mordaciidae. Its adults possess two lateral buccal glands and one central buccal gland. When the tongue-like piston is retracted, the buccal glands occupy much of the opening of the oral cavity at the rear of the buccal cavity. The glands contain numerous tube-like, ductless secretory units, which discharge directly into the buccal cavity. Their secretory epithelial cells contain numerous granules, some of which are zymogen-like, while others have a beaded, spiralled appearance. The similarity of the latter to mast cell granules suggests that they may likewise produce an anticoagulant, which would be valuable to a presumed blood feeder such as M. mordax. The mucus produced by these cells could act as a carrier for the secretions and as an adhesive for promoting retention of t he secretions on the host's surface. When the young adults is transferred to salt water, the buccal glands increase their production and discharge of secretions. Since the glands are not enclosed in musculature, their secretions are probably discharged by mechanical pressure applied by the forward movement of the head of the tooth-bearing piston into the buccal cavity. An account is given of the way in which the location, number, glandular organization, secretory granules, and type of secretion of the buccal glands of M. mordax, and thus presumably also their mode of function, differ markedly from those of members of the other lamprey family found in the southern hemisphere, and of all holarrctic lampreys. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective effects of hydrocortisone on intestinal lipoprotein and apolipoprotein synthesis in the human fetus (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chylomicron ; very low density lipoprotein ; high density lipoprotein ; apoprotein B-100 ; apoprotein B-48 ; apoprotein A-I ; fat transport ; ontogeny ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies employing human fetal intestine have yielded much interesting information on the role of polarized enterocytes in fat absorption and transport. Using the organ culture model, we examined the influence of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and secretion of lipids and lipoproteins. Human jejunal explants were cultured for 5 days at 37°C in serum-free medium containing either [14C]-oleic acid or [14C]-acetate, alone or supplemented with hydrocortisone (25 or 50 ng/ml). The uptake of [14C]-oleic acid was associated with the production of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters, which were all affected by hydrocortisone. This hormonal agent (50 μg) led to the marked reduction of secreted triglycerides (43%, P 〈 0.01), phospholipids (39%, P 〈 0.01), and cholesteryl esters (36%, P 〈 0.05) without altering the characteristic distribution of tissue and medium lipid classes. Similarly, hydrocortisone significantly (P 〈 0.01) decreased (∼60%) the incorporation of [14C]-acetate into secreted free and esterified cholesterol in the medium. With [14C]-oleic acid as a precursor, hydrocortisone significantly diminished the delivery of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins to the medium while consistently enhancing the secretion of high density lipoproteins. In parallel, [35S]-methionine pulse-labeling of jejunal explants revealed the concomitant inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on apo B-100 synthesis and hydrocortisone's stimulatory effect on apo B-48 and apo A-I. These studies suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in lipoprotein processing during intestinal development. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:65-76 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer graphics of SEM images facilitate recognition of chromosome position in isolated human metaphase plates (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 408-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Mitosis ; Chromosomes ; Lung cells ; HeLa S3 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: There is general agreement that at the time of mitosis chromosomes occupy precise positions and that these positions likely affect subsequent nuclear function in interphase. However, before such ideas can be investigated in human cells, it is necessary to determine first the precise position of each chromosome with regard to its neighbors. It has occurred to us that stereo images, produced by scanning electron microscopy, of isolated metaphase plates could form the basis whereby these positions could be ascertained. In this paper we describe a computer graphic technique that permits us to keep track of individual chromosomes in a metaphase plate and to compare chromosome positions in different metaphas plates. Moreover, the computer graphics provide permanent, easily manipulated, rapid recall of stored chromosome profiles. These advantages are demonstrated by a comparison of the relative position of group A - specific and groups D - and G - specific chromosomes to the full complement of chromosomes in metaphase plates isolated from a nearly triploid human-derived cell (HeLa S3) to a hypo-diploid human fetal lung cell. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300507
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