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  • Chemistry  (1)
  • Comparability  (1)
  • DYANA  (1)
  • Escherichia coli/*enzymology  (1)
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1996-07-05
    Description: When the Mg2+ ion in the catalytic center of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) is replaced with Fe2+, hydroxyl radicals are generated. In the promoter complex, such radicals cleave template DNA near the transcription start site, whereas the beta' subunit is cleaved at a conserved motif NADFDGD (Asn-Ala-Asp-Phe-Asp-Gly-Asp). Substitution of the three aspartate residues with alanine creates a dominant lethal mutation. The mutant RNAP is catalytically inactive but can bind promoters and form an open complex. The mutant fails to support Fe2+-induced cleavage of DNA or protein. Thus, the NAD-FDGD motif is involved in chelation of the active center Mg2+.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaychikov, E -- Martin, E -- Denissova, L -- Kozlov, M -- Markovtsov, V -- Kashlev, M -- Heumann, H -- Nikiforov, V -- Goldfarb, A -- Mustaev, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 5;273(5271):107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Ferrous Compounds/metabolism ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Trace elements ; Water ; Intercomparison ; Comparability ; Traceability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The sixth round of the International Measurement Evaluation Programme (IMEP) is presented. The programme offers reference values, established by primary methods of measurement, against which participating laboratories can evaluate their performance. The degree of comparability is thus established against the most objective references available at present. In IMEP-6, reference values for total concentrations of 14 trace elements in a synthetic and a natural water were established mainly by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). For the majority of the measurands, results traceable to the international system of units (SI) and having expanded uncertainties, U (k=2), of 2% could be established. Measurements results from 165 field laboratories in 29 countries are evaluated and presented as descriptive (regional, national and intercontinental) pictures of the participants' self-declared degree of experience, status of accreditation, performance (including target values for uncertainty set by authorities) and instrumental methods used. The participants' use of certified reference materials and calibrants has been documented, and some comments on this matter are raised. The results and characteristics for IMEP-6 are compared with those of IMEP-3 (1991–1993) and discussed in view of the forthcoming IMEP-9 (1998).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: AIDS ; DYANA ; HIV-1 ; NMR structure ; ribonuclease H ; RNA-DNA hybrid ; torsion angle dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A high-quality NMR solution structure of the chimeric hybrid duplex r(gcaguggc)⋅r(gcca)d(CTGC) was determined using the program DYANA with its recently implemented new module FOUND, which performs exhaustive conformational grid searches for dinucleotides. To ensure conservative data interpretation, the use of 1H-1H lower distance limit constraints was avoided. The duplex comprises the tRNA–DNA junction formed during the initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription. It forms an A-type double helix that exhibits distinct structural deviations from a standard A-conformation. In particular, the minor groove is remarkably narrow, and its width decreases from about 7.5 Å in the RNA/RNA stem to about 4.5 Å in the RNA/DNA segment. This is unexpected, since minor groove widths for A-RNA and RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes of ∼11 Å and ∼8.5 Å, respectively, were previously reported. The present, new structure supports that reverse transcriptase-associated RNaseH specificity is related primarily to conformational adaptability of the nucleic acid in 'induced-fit'-type interactions, rather than the minor groove width of a predominantly static nucleic acid duplex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 560-569 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Observations concerning primary and secondary passivationPotentiostatic and galvanostatic measurements in sulphuric acid electrolytes have been carried out on high-purity ironchrome alloys with chromium contents ranging from 5 to 70 per cent., as well as on high-purity chromium. These measurements were supplemented by the examination of passivation curves, using the galvanostatic insertion method.The passivation currents thus measured were found to differ considerably from the values known so far. The newly found values can be calculated with the aid of an approximation formula as a function of the chromium content. Apart from the “primary” passivation, it was possible, in the concentration range from about 10 to about 40 per cent. Cr, also to observe the „secondary“ passivation which is likewise governed by the current (i) / time (t) law characteristic for passivation generally: (i - i0) t = const. As this phenomenon is greatly dependent on the pH value of the electrolyte and on the presence of complex-forming substances, it is suggested that the phenomenon might be explained by the formation, due to hydrolysis of a second passivation layer.It is assumed that, in the state of “primary passivation” the alloys are covered by a very thin film comparable to that of passive chromium, and that this film is then covered by a “secondary” passivation layer of greater thickness, similar to the iron passivation layer.In the zone of primary passivation, the alloys are anodically dissolved over the whole area whilst, the zone of secondary passivation, strong pit corrosion can be observed.
    Notes: Es wurden an sehr reinen Eisen-Chrom-Legierungen mit Cr-Gehalten von 5 bis 70% sowie an reinstem Chrom potentionstatische und galvanostatische Messungen in Schwefelsäureelektrolyten durch geführt, die durch die Untersuchung von Passivierungskurven nach der galvanostatischen Einschaltmethode ergänzt wurden.Für die Passivierungsstrommengen wurden Werte gefunden, die von den bisher bekannten erheblich abweichen. Die neu ermittelten Werte lassen sich in Abhängigkeit von Cr-Gehalt der Legierungen durch eine Näherungsformel berechnen. Neben der „primären“ konnte im Konzentrationsbereich von etwa 10 bis 40% Cr auch die „sekundäre“ Passivierung beobachtet werden, für die ebenfalls das die Passivierung kennzeichnende Strom(i)-Zeit(t)-Gesetz (i-i0) = const. gilt. Wegen der starken Abhängigkeit dieses Vorganges von pH-Wert des Elektrolyten und der Anwesenheit von Komplexbildnern wird zu dessen Erklärung die hyrolysebedingte Bildung einer zweiten Passivschicht vor geschlagen.Es wird angenommen, daß die Legierungen im „primärpassiven“ Zustand mit einer sehr dünnen Schicht belegt sind, die mit derjenigen des passiven Chroms vergleichbar ist und auf der sich bei der „sekundären“ Passivierung eine dickere zweite Schicht aufbaut die einer Eisenpassivschicht ähnelt.Im primärpassiven Gebiet werden die Legierungen auf der ganzen Fläche anodisch aufgelöst, während im sekundärpassiven Bereich starke Lochfraßbildung beobachtet wird.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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