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  • Articles  (777)
  • Springer  (777)
  • 1995-1999  (772)
  • 1960-1964  (5)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5192
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study presents the results of the characterisation of 17 strains ofLeishmania by isoenzyme electrophoresis from a focus of leishmaniasis in southern Spain: two from human visceral leishmaniasis, four from human cutaneous leishmaniasis and 11 from sandflies. The 17 strains are grouped in 6 zymodemes characterised by their variability as regards to the electrophoretic mobility of the enzymes MDH, G6PD, NP and ME. Thus, we confirm the high intraspecific variability ofLeishmania (L.) infantum in a focus of southern Spain, as already suggested by previous studies. Zymodemes GR-15 and GR-17 are also described for the first time in Spain, and they characteristically possess the same relative electrophoretic mobility in the enzyme ME (93). Sixteen zymodemes of theL. infantum complex found in southern Spain were numerically analysed on the basis of the enzymatic profiles of 122Leishmania strains characterised from this area.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65N30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. The bending terms in a shell are small with respect to membrane ones as the thickness tends to zero. Consequently, the membrane approximation gives a good description of vibration properties of a thin shell. This vibration problem is associated with a non-compact resolvent operator, and spectral pollution could appear when computing Galerkin approximations. That is to say, there could exist sequences of eigenvalues of the approximate problems that converge to points of the resolvent set of the exact problem. We give an account of the state of the art of this problem in shell theory. A description of the phenomenon and its interpretation in terms of spectral families are given. A theorem of localization of the region where pollution may appear is stated and its complete proof is published for the first time. Recipes are given for avoiding the pollution as well as indications on the possibility of a posteriori elimination.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 54 (1995), S. 562-569 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 33 (1997), S. 117-124 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A study was carried out on the sorption of two sparingly water-soluble pesticides (diazinon and linuron) by a sandy loam soil modified with different exogenous organic materials (EOMs) containing humic-like substances: city refuse compost (CRC), peat (P), commercial “humic” acid (HA), liquid “humic” acid (LHA), and two (nonhumic) model compounds (surfactants), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), before and after 2- and 8-month incubation periods with the soil. In all cases, the isotherms fitted the Freundlich sorption equation (x/m = KC e n ), generally with r 2 values greater than 0.99. The value of the sorption constant K for the natural soil was 8.81 for diazinon and 2.29 for linuron. These values increased significantly for EOM modified soils with respect to natural soil, with the exception of the samples modified with SDS and LHA, in which cases they decreased, possibly due to the micellar properties of these compounds. Incubation of EOMs with soil increased their sorption capacity: the K oc values were increased proportionally to the incubation time for both pesticides and for all treatments carried out. Accordingly, the sorption capacity of hydrophobic pesticides increases with the degree of evolution in the soil of EOMs with “humic”-type compounds, possibly due, among other causes, to the increase in the EOMs' colloidal properties and the modifications occurring in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic characteristics of the soil surfaces. The main conclusion is that application to the soil of carbon-rich wastes, especially those with a high degree of maturity, may offer an important strategy for reducing pesticide leaching and for eliminating pesticide residues from soil with the use of anionic surfactants.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Dietary habits ; young university students ; concerns about nutrition ; Ernährungs ; gewohnheit ; Universitätsstudenten ; Ernährungsbesorgnis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Absicht dieser Studie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen der Besorgtheit über Ernährung und den Lebensmittelkonsum bei 533 Universitätsstudenten (112 Männer und 421 Frauen), Durchschnittsalter 21.7±2.1 Jahre, zu untersuchen. Fisch, Milchprodukte und Obst wurden in ausreichendem Maße, Getreide und Gemüse hingegen wurden in kleineren Mengen als empfohlen, gegessen. Die Männer verzehrten mehr Milch, Fleisch, Brot und alkoholische Getränke, während die Frauen mehr Obst und Gemüse als die Männer aßen. 35,4 % der Studenten äußerten Besorgnis besonders über die Aufnahme von Fett und Cholesterin, 24,5 % waren speziell an der Gewichtskontrolle interessiert und 18,2 % sagten, ihre Hauptsorge gelte der korrekten Einnahme von Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen. 21,6 % der Teilnehmer hatten keine besondere Sorge bezüglich der Ernährung. Multiple Regressionsanalysen zeigten keinen Unterschied zwischen Männern und Frauen oder dem Body Mass Index (BMI) auf, was die Besorgtheit über die Ernährung betrifft. Aber man stellte einen altersbedingten Unterschied fest. Mit zunehmendem Alter zeigten die Studenten mehr Interesse zum Thema „Ernährung“, vor allem im Zusammenhang mit Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen. Die Besorgnis über die Gewichtskontrolle stieg mit steigendem BMI. Von denen, die ihr Gewicht reduzieren wollten, hatten allerdings 42,2 % der Frauen gegenüber 7,4 % der Männer einen BMI von 〈20 kg/m2. Da diese Studenten bereits sehr schlank waren (unter den empfohlenen Werten), aber trotzdem noch Gewicht verlieren wollten, könnte dies zu Mangelerscheinungen führen. Zusammenhänge zwischen der Besorgtheit und der Ernährungsweise waren kaum zu beobachten. Obwohl die Einnahme von Fett und Cholesterin als solche Anlass zur Besorgnis war, wurden zum Beispiel relativ viel Fleisch und Eier verzehrt. Es wurde eine Beziehung gefunden zwischen der Sorge um den Vitamin- und Mineralstoffgehalt der Nahrung und der Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmittel sowie zwischen der Sorge um das Körpergewicht und der Einnahme von Produkten zur Gewichtsreduktion. Für die Lehrer der Ernährungswissenschaft kann diese Information behilflich sein, um ihre Kurse und Programme zu gestalten.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between concern about nutrition and food consumption in 533 university students (112 men and 421 women), aged 21.7±2.1 years old. Fish, dairy products and fruit were consumed in quite satisfactory quantities though cereals and vegetables were consumed less frequently than recommended. Men were found to consume greater quantities of milk, meat, bread and alcoholic drinks, while women ate more fruit and vegetables than men. 35.4 % of subjects said they were especially concerned about the intake of fat and cholesterol, 24.5 % expressed special interest in weight control and 18.2 % recorded worries about the intake of vitamins and minerals. 21.6 % of subjects expressed no worries at all. Multiple regression analysis showed no differences in concern about nutrition with respect to the sex or body mass index (BMI) of subjects. However, as age increased, the number of subjects expressing no concern fell whilst worries over the quantity of vitamins and minerals in the diet increased. Worries about bodyweight were found to rise with BMI. However, amongst those who wanted to lose weight, 42.2 % of women and 7.4 % of men had a BMI 〈20 kg/m2. These persons, already very slim (below recommended values), still wished to lose weight and could become susceptible to nutritional imbalances. Relationships between concerns and food habits were scarce. Although fat and cholesterol were a concern in theory, the consumption of foodstuffs such as meat and eggs was quite high. However, relationships were found between concern over the vitamin and mineral content of the diet and the intake of supplements, and concern over bodyweight and intake of products that aid slimming. Nutrition educators may find this information useful in the design of their messages and educational programs.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: methylmercury ; inorganic mercury ; tandem on-line ; separations ; liquid-liquid extraction ; continuous flow ; ICP-AES
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An accurate, precise, sensitive and automated non-chromatographic method for methylmercury speciation based on a selective continuous liquid-liquid extraction of methylmercury, into xylene, as bromide and cold mercury vapour generation directly from the organic phase and final ICP-AES mercury detection is proposed. Both separation steps, liquid-liquid and gas-liquid are accomplished in a continuous mode and on line with ICP-AES as detector. The detection limit attained for methylmercury was 4ng·ml−1 (as mercury). The precision of the determination at a concentration level around 20 times the detection limit was +-5%. The proposed methodology has been applied successfully to the speciation of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in spiked sea water and spiked urine samples.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 207 (1997), S. 216-228 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Drosophila ; Genital disc ; engrailed ; Compartment ; Homeotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The genital disc of Drosophila, which gives rise to the genitalia and analia of adult flies, is formed by cells from different embryonic segments. To study the organization of this disc, the expressions of segment polarity and homeotic genes were investigated. The organization of the embryonic genital primordium and the requirement of the engrailed and invected genes in the adult terminalia were also analysed. The results show that the three primordia, the female and male genitalia plus the analia, are composed of an anterior and a posterior compartment. In some aspects, each of the three primordia resemble other discs: the expression of genes such as wingless and decapentaplegic in each anterior compartment is similar to that seen in leg discs, and the absence of engrailed and invected cause duplications of anterior regions, as occurs in wing discs. The absence of lineage restrictions in some regions of the terminalia and the expression of segment polarity genes in the embryonic genital disc suggest that this model of compartmental organization evolves, at least in part, as the disc grows. The expression of homeotic genes suggests a parasegmental organization of the genital disc, although these genes may also change their expression patterns during larval development.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Polyethylene — Osteocalcin — Alkaline phosphatase — Procollagen — Osteoblast.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the direct effects of polyethylene particles on osteoblastic function in primary human bone cell cultures. The cells were obtained from trabecular bone fragments of patients undergoing knee reconstructive surgery. When the cells reached confluency, they were subcultured into two flasks, one untreated (control culture) and the other treated with polyethylene particles, and incubated until confluency. Osteoblastic function was evaluated by assaying osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal procollagen type I, with and without 1,25(OH)2D stimulation, in the cell-conditioned medium. We found that addition of polyethylene to these osteoblastic cell cultures induced higher levels of secreted osteocalcin after 1,25(OH)2D stimulation. Alkaline phosphatase levels increased whereas C-terminal procollagen type I levels decreased in the cell conditioned medium after polyethylene was added to the cultures. Treatment of the control cultures with 1,25(OH)2D stimulated alkaline phosphatase levels and decreased C-terminal procollagen type I. However, these osteoblastic markers in 1,25(OH)2D-treated cells did not change in cultures with polyethylene. This study demonstrates that polyethylene particles have a direct effect on osteoblastic markers in human bone cells in culture.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Human osteoblastic cells — Skeletal site — Aging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone loss with aging may be due, at least in part, to inadequate bone formation. Moreover, the process of bone aging is known to follow a different pattern throughout the skeleton. In this study, we examined the cell proliferation rate (area under the cell growth curve, AUC) and the secretion of C-terminal type I procollagen (PICP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) in primary cultures of osteoblastic cells from human trabecular bone. Osteoblastic cells were obtained for 168 donors (100 women and 68 men). Ninety-eight bone samples were obtained from subjects undergoing knee arthroplastia, 52 aged 50–70 years (64 ± 5) and 46 over age 70 (73 ± 2). Another 70 bone samples were obtained from subjects undergoing hip arthroplastia; 51 were 50–70 years old (64 ± 4) and 19 were over 70 (75 ± 5). Osteoblastic cells from the older donors had a lower proliferation rate and OC secretion than those from younger subjects. However, ALP secretion was higher in the former subjects, whereas PICP secretion was unchanged. Osteoblastic cells from hip had a lower proliferation rate than those from knee. PICP secretion was also lower and ALP secretion was higher in the former cells. In age-matched cell cultures, osteoblastic cells from the knee had higher proliferation rate and PICP secretion than osteoblastic cells from the hip. However, ALP secretion was lower in knee osteoblastic cells than those from hip only in the younger group. With aging, ALP secretion was found to increase in knee osteoblactic cells, whereas OC secretion decreased in osteoblastic cell cultures from the hip. Our findings suggest that bone loss with aging may be accounted for, at least in part, by a decreased osteoblastic cell proliferation and an increased osteoblastic maturation. In addition, our data indicate that these changes with aging do not occur similarly at different skeletal sites.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract   Fino lemon trees (Citrus limon L. Burm. fil.) on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.), growing on a low water retention capacity soil, were submitted to three different irrigation treatments over four years: 100% ETc all year (T-0), 25% ETc all year except during the rapid fruit growth period when 100% ETc was applied (T-1) and 100% ETc all year, except during the rapid fruit growth period when 70% ETc was applied (T-2). A water saving of 30 and 20% was achieved in the T-1 and T-2 treatments, respectively. The plant responses to irrigation treatments were similar in all the years studied. Leaf water potential decreased during deficit irrigation periods in T-1 and T-2 treatments. Larger differences were found in values taken at predawn (Ψ pd) than at midday (Ψ md), indicating that Ψ pd is a more useful indicator of plant water status. There was neither osmotic nor elastic adjustment in response to deficit irrigation treatment. A clear separation between the main periods of shoot and fruit growth was found, which can be considered an advantageous characteristic in applying regulated deficit irrigation strategies. Onset of the critical period of rapid fruit growth could be determined precisely by considering the decrease in relative fruit growth rate values. T-2 treatment did not induce a significant reduction in total yield, but it caused a delay in reaching marketable lemon fruit size. T-1 treatment did not affect total yield, with a reduction in yield on the first pick occurring in only one year. Chemical characteristics of lemon fruit were not significantly modified by irrigation treatment.
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